Nowe stanowisko Salix myrtilloides (Salicaceae) w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Karol Torzewski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
The Poor

In April 2014, a new locality of Salix myrtilloides was found in the eastern part of Kampinos National Park in the abandoned village of Wyględy Górne (Leszno municipality, Warszawa Zachód District; GPS: 52°17′35.4″N, 20°41′41.5″E). The population consisted of 17 stems scattered in an area of 30 m2 within a poor fen that developed between small dunes. The main threat to the species at this locality is the poor quantity of these plants, which makes the population susceptible to sudden changes in environmental conditions. Another threat is biocenotic succession and the associated increase in shading from shrubs and perennials.

scholarly journals Soil and vegetation characteristics of a peatland near Lake Édouard in Mauricie National Park, Québec, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Pierre Milette ◽  
Denis Fontaine ◽  
Miroslav V. Grandtner
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Carex Stricta ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Carex Rostrata

The majority of plant communities within the peatland near Lake Édouard belongs to the poor fen group. They are containing poor fen species such as <i>Myrica gale</i>, <i>Carex rostrata</i>, <i>Glyceria canadensis</i>, <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>, <i>Carex canescens</i>, <i>Carex stricta</i>, <i>Alnus rugosa</i> and <i>Sphagnum subsecundum</i>. Members of these taxa grow in association with a group of marsh species and with <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata</i> and <i>Sphagnum majus</i>, species characteristic of bogs. The soil are of the humisol great group, being well decomposed and relatively rich in nutrient elements but ranging from extremely to strongly acidic. Four new associations are noted: <i>Sphagno-Juncetum brevicaudati</i>, <i>Sphagno-Hypericetum boreale</i>, <i>Sphagno-Glycerietum canadensis</i> and <i>Carici canescenti</i>-<i>Sphagnetum maji</i>. The distribution of vegetation appears dependent on ground relief and, consequently, on the level and quality of water in the peatland.

Colonization of decomposing Sphagnum moss litter by mycorrhizal roots in two types of peatland ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Mateusz Wilk ◽  
Julia Pawłowska ◽  
Marta Wrzosek ◽  
Michał Gorczak ◽  
Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

During a 35-month study on the decomposition of Sphagnum moss litter in poor fen and pine bog forest, an intensive colonization of litter-bags by mycorrhizal roots was observed during the decomposition process. Content of mycorrhizal roots in litter-bags, expressed as % mass of roots, was generally increasing during the decomposition in pine bog forest, and fluctuating during decomposition on poor fen, although in both cases the results were statistically insignificant. Two morphotypes of ericoid roots and two morphotypes of ectomycorrhizal roots were recorded from litter-bags on poor fen during the decomposition experiment, while in pine bog forest one morphotype of ericoid and nine morphotypes of ectomycorrhizal roots were recorded. Molecular identification of mycorrhizal roots succeeded only in the case of one ericoid and six putatively ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. Most morphotypes were recorded only once during the whole 35-month decomposition period, and only one ericoid and one ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were shared between the poor fen and pine bog forest communities.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of spruce trees in the nature reserve 'Jankove bare' on mt. Kopaonik

2009 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Branko Stajic ◽  
Milivoj Vuckovic ◽  
Marko Smiljanic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Distance Methods ◽  
Study Results

The methodology and applicability of the study of spatial distribution of trees in Serbian forestry have been insufficiently reported and presented. This paper, based on mathematical?statistical principles, analyses the method of spatial distribution of spruce trees in the Nature Reserve 'Jankove Bare' in the National Park 'Kopaonik'. The following methods in the group of distance methods were applied: Kotar's method (1993), T2?method, and the index of distance dispersion (Johnson, Zimmer, 1985). The study results in a pure uneven-aged spruce stand based on all three methods showed that spruce trees are randomly distributed over the stand area. Therefore, environmental conditions in the study stand can be regarded as homogeneous and equally suitable for tree growth, and there are no significant interactions between the trees, which could cause a higher competition between the trees for nutrients, water, etc.

scholarly journals Effects of life history stage and climatic conditions on fecal egg counts in plains zebras (Equus quagga) in the Serengeti National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 3401-3413
Author(s):  
Peter A. Seeber ◽  
Tetiana A. Kuzmina ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood ◽  
Marion L. East
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Host Life

Abstract In wildlife, endoparasite burden can be affected by host life history stage, environmental conditions, host abundance, and parasite co-infections. We tested the effects of these factors on gastrointestinal parasite infection in plains zebras (Equus quagga) in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, using fecal egg counts of two nematode families (Strongylidae and Ascarididae) and the presence/absence of cestode (Anoplocephalidae) eggs. We predicted higher egg counts of Strongylidae and Ascarididae, and increased likelihood of Anoplocephalidae infection in individuals (1) during energetically costly life history stages when resource allocation to immune processes may decrease and in young zebras after weaning because of increased uptake of infective stages with forage, (2) when climatic conditions facilitate survival of infective stages, (3) when large zebra aggregations increase forage contamination with infective stages, and (4) in individuals co-infected with more than one parasite group as this may indicate reduced immune competence. Strongylidae egg counts were higher, and the occurrence of Anoplocephalidae eggs was more likely in bachelors than in band stallions, whereas Ascarididae egg counts were higher in band stallions. Strongylidae and Ascarididae egg counts were not increased in lactating females. Strongylidae egg counts were higher in subadults than in foals. Regardless of sex and age, Ascarididae infections were more likely under wet conditions. Co-infections did not affect Strongylidae egg counts. Ascarididae egg counts in adult females were higher when individuals were co-infected with Anoplocephalidae. We present evidence that parasite burdens in plains zebras are affected by life history stage, environmental conditions, and co-infection.

scholarly journals Integrated Ecological Evaluation of the Biocenosis of the Altyaghach National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
G. Mammadov ◽  
E. Sultanov ◽  
F. Agabalaev
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Dense Forest

Discusses aspects of environmental assessment of biocenoses in protected areas of the country. Due to the high anthropogenic press, there is a need for an environmental assessment of soil and vegetation cover and avifauna in specific changing environmental conditions in Altyaghach National Park. As a result of studies on various parameters, estimated ecological scales were compiled for the soil, vegetation cover and for the avifauna of this territory. Based on the compiled scales, ecological assessments for biotopes were calculated. The highest average ecological value is estimated for the residential biotope 87, and the lowest in the mountain–steppe biotope 62, for the dense forest biotope 82 and 69 for woodland forest. The Altyaghach National Park has an average ecological rating of 89 for the land cover, 68 for the vegetation cover and 69 for the avifauna. The total ecological assessment based on the three ecosystem components throughout in the Altyaghach National Park is an average of 75 points.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL KOMUNITAS KUMBANG KOTORAN Scarabaeidae DI HABITAT TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG SALAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Raden Indarjani ◽  
Mochamad Miko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Onthophagus Taurus ◽  
Belt Transect

Scarabaeidae dung beettles is a bioindicator through its function as decomposer, Scrabaeidae maintains the balance of environmental conditions that represented by the variation community structures. A study of Scarabaeidae was conducted to observe the variation of community structures related to different heights (900, 1400 dan 2000 masl) in Salak Halimun Mountains National Park (TNGHS), West Java. Pit Fall Dung Trap method was applied in a belt transect paralele with tracking line. In every height , there were 5 traps created with 10 meters distance among each other. In addition, the study also measured main abiotic paramters, such as type of susbtrate, soil acidity, soil temperature that presumed to have strong influence in establishment of the communities. The result showed that there was a variation in community structures related to different heights. In 900 masl, diversity index (H’) was 0.80 which caterogised as low, in 1400 masl, H’= 1,29 (middle) and H’=0,84 (low) was found in the 2000 masl. The community structures of Scarabaeidae in TNGHS were made up by genus of Onthophagus dan Copris that conssits of 4 (four) spesies, they were O. taurus, O. semicupreus, O. babirussoides dan Copris punctulatus. Onthophagus taurus considered as dominant species that filled 60 % or 339 individual of the communities. Meanwhile, Onthopagus babirussoides can be considered as rare species which only 8% been caught during study.

scholarly journals Social Entrepreneurial e-Empowerment

Economics ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Alfonso C. Morales-Gutiérrez ◽  
J. Antonio Ariza-Montes ◽  
Noel M. Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
The Web

Muhammad Yunus, micro-lending advocate and founder of the Bank of the Poor, defines social enterprises as doing business to solve social, economic, and environmental adversities. The complexity of today global context hinders the emergence of innovative endeavors; this inner enhancement of capabilities springs out from worldwide entrepreneurs that reveal procuring the best environmental conditions and technologies to nourish new ingenious ventures whether of social or any capitalist profile. Social entrepreneurs noticeably understand that making an intensive use of new technologies engenders innovation and scales impact effects in society; that is why ICTs, and especially the Web 2.0, have constituted catalysts to accelerate collaborations for social change: social innovation labs, social e-enterprise incubators, social innovation centers, social innovation park, et cetera. This chapter reviews the main experiences of social entrepreneurial empowerments, pinpointing those pioneering projects that exploit new technologies to provide services and get access, with no boundaries, to a significant number of communities. It is structured as follows: it starts analyzing the emergence and development of social enterprise, its encouragement and empowerment. Later, some key initiatives for social entrepreneurs are examined, in particular those offered virtually (e-empowerment). The chapter concludes with a brief summary of final thoughts.

scholarly journals Why chimpanzees carry dead infants: an empirical assessment of existing hypotheses

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf ◽  
Michael L. Wilson ◽  
Emily Boehm ◽  
Josephine Delaney-Soesman ◽  
Tessa Grebey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach ◽  
Behavioural Evidence ◽  
Human Death ◽  
Human Primate

The study of non-human primate thanatology has expanded dramatically in recent years as scientists seek to understand the evolutionary roots of human death concepts and practices. However, observations of how conspecifics respond to dead individuals are rare and highly variable. Mothers of several species of primate have been reported to carry and continue to interact with dead infants. Such interactions have been proposed to be related to maternal condition, attachment, environmental conditions or reflect a lack of awareness that the infant has died. Here, we tested these hypotheses using a dataset of cases of infant corpse carrying by chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania ( n = 33), the largest dataset of such cases in chimpanzees. We found that mothers carried infant corpses at high rates, despite behavioural evidence that they recognize that death has occurred. Median duration of carriage was 1.83 days (interquartile range = 1.03–3.59). Using an information theoretic approach, we found no support for any of the leading hypotheses for duration of continued carriage. We interpret these data in the context of recent discussions regarding what non-human primates understand about death.

scholarly journals The role of flowering plant species in the survival of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) along the lower Orange River, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Myburgh ◽  
H. Bezuidenhout ◽  
E.M. Neville
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Acacia Karroo ◽  
Ziziphus Mucronata ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

This study is an investigation of the role that plants play in the survival of adult blackflies by providing shelter and carbohydrate food. A detailed phenological study of the 29 most abundant plant species in the Augrabies Falls National Park showed that throughout the year the percentage of plant species flowering was remarkably constant. It is therefore unlikely that the availability of carbohydrates would limit adult Simulium survival at any time of the year. Blackflies were recorded feeding on the flowers of Pappea capensis. Acacia karroo, A. mellifera, Tamarix usneoides, Ziziphus mucronata, Scholia afra and Sisyndite spartea. An additional survey showed that another 64 plant species flowered throughout the year, and these can be regarded as potential carbohydrate sources. Blackflies were observed sheltering in dense shrubs and trees that provide protection against predation and harsh environmental conditions. This study suggests that vegetated drainage lines are the means by which adult blackflies survive dispersal away from the river. It is concluded that carbohydrate scarcity cannot be considered a limiting factor to adult blackfly survival along the lower Orange River.

scholarly journals Relationships between reproduction and environment in the Hippopotamus Hippopotamus Amphibius in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L Smuts ◽  
I. J Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius reproduction in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, is described and compared with that of other populations in Africa and with captive reared specimens. Information collected during drought and pluvial periods indicates that adult hippo cows react to adverse environmental conditions (reduced shelter in pools, overcrowding and food scarcity) by marked declines in conception rates (from 36,7 @ 5,6). Indirect evidence indicates that when environmental conditions are unfavourable calf survival is improved by extending the period of lactation and by calves suckling more than one cow. During favourable years some calves mature early (S S, 2 years, and 9 9 5 years) but generally sexual maturity is attained at six and 9-10 years for males and females respectively. The calving interval, when environmental conditions are favourable, is about two years and reproductive senescence and sterility are insignificant factors. The population sex ratio is 1:1. Hippos appear to be typical K-selected species. Environmental constraints have caused them to adopt a low reproductive rate and high survival rate and consequently a close adjustment to the long-term carrying capacity of the environment.

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