scholarly journals Особенности вегетации интродуцированного сорта винограда Кёхо в стрессовых погодных условиях умеренно континентального климата юга России

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Dmitry Dergachev ◽  
Marina Larkina ◽  
Valerii Petrov ◽  
Mikhail Pankin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vegetation Phase ◽  
Abnormal Weather

Исследования интродуцированного японского сорта винограда Кёхо выполнены в нестабильных погодных условиях умеренно континентального климата юга России, в Черноморской зоне виноградарства Краснодарского края в условиях температурного и водного стрессов 2018 года. В период активной вегетации (май - август) сумма активных температур воздуха была на 197 °С больше среднемноголетней нормы, количество атмосферных осадков было меньше нормы в 3,7 раза и составило 47 мм. В аномальных погодных условиях интродуцированный сорт винограда Кёхо показал высокую адаптивность к нестабильным погодным условиям в форме активного роста и прохождения фенологических циклов. При остром дефиците атмосферных осадков и повышенной инсоляции продолжительность вегетации винограда Кёхо от распускания почек до полной физиологической зрелости ягод была равна 119 дней, на 5 дней меньше, чем у контрольного сорта Бригантина и на 3 дня меньше, чем в среднем по большой группе столовых сортов разного эколого-географического происхождения, расположенных рядом на Анапской ампелографической коллекции. Начало фазы распускания почек, роста побегов и соцветий наблюдалось 15 апреля, у контрольного сорта на 4 дня раньше, у сортов ампелографической коллекции на 6 дней позже. Продолжительность этой фазы вегетации у изучаемого сорта составила 54 дня, больше на 11 дней чем у контрольного сорта и на 9 дней чем у столовых сортов ампелоколлекции. Цветение у сорта Кёхо начиналось 7 июня, на 15 дней позже чем у контрольного сорта Бригантина и на 3 дня чем у группы столовых сортов на ампелоколлекции. Продолжительность периода от начала цветения до начала созревания ягод у сорта Кёхо в экологических условиях 2018 года составила 50 дней, что на 4 дня короче, чем у контрольного сорта и на 3 дня короче, чем у сортов на ампелоколлекции. Интенсивность роста ягод была более высокой по сравнению с контролем и группой столовых сортов в ампелоколлекции. Полная физиологическая зрелость ягод у изучаемого сорта наступила 11 августа, практически одновременно с контролем - 12 августа.The study of introduced Japanese grapevine cultivar ‘Kёho’ was carried out in unstable weather conditions of moderately continental climate of the South of Russia, in the Black Sea viticultural zone of the Krasnodar Krai under temperature and water stress of 2018. During the active vegetation season (May - August), the accumulated effective temperatures made 197 ° С above the long-time average annual, the amount of precipitation was 3.7 times less than normal, and amounted to 47 mm. Under the effect of abnormal weather conditions, the introduced grapevine cultivar ‘Kёho’ demonstrated high adaptability to erratic weather conditions during the active growth phase and passage of phenological cycles. Under acute atmospheric precipitation deficit and increased insolation, the duration of ‘Kёho’ grapevine vegetation from bud break to full physiological berry ripeness made 119 days, which is 5 days less as compared to control cultivar ‘Brigantina’ and 3 days less than the average for a large group of table cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin, located in the nearby Anapa ampelographic collection. The start of the bud break, shoot and inflorescence growth phase was observed on April 15; it happened 4 days earlier for the control cultivar, and 6 days later for the cultivars in the ampelographic collection. The duration of this vegetation phase for the studied cultivar was 54 days, which by 11 days exceeded that of the control cultivar and by 9 days that of the table cultivars in the ampelographic collection. The bloom of ‘Kёho’ began on June 7 - 15 days later than that of the control cultivar ‘Brigantina’ and 3 days later as compared to the group of table cultivars in the ampelographic collection. Duration of the early bloom to veraison period of ‘Kёho’ grapes in the ecological conditions of 2018 made 50 days, which was 4 days shorter than that of the control cultivar and 3 days shorter as compared to the cultivars in the ampelographic collection. The berry growth was more intensive as compared to the control and the group of table cultivars in the ampelographic collection. Berries of the studied cultivar reached full physiological ripeness on August 11, almost simultaneously with the control - on August 12.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Internet of Things Technologies—Sustainable Premises of Extending the Culture of the Amurg Cultivar in Transylvania—A Use Case for Târnave Vineyard

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8170
Author(s):  
Veronica Sanda Chedea ◽  
Ana-Maria Drăgulinescu  ◽  
Liliana Lucia Tomoiagă  ◽  
Cristina Bălăceanu ◽  
Maria Lucia Iliescu 
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Red Grape

Known for its dry and semi-dry white wine, the Târnave vineyard located in central Transylvania is challenged by the current climate change, which has resulted in an increase of the period of active vegetation by approximately 15–20 days, the average annual temperature by 1–1.5 °C and also the amount of useful temperatures (useful thermal balance for the grapevine). Furthermore, the frost periods have been reduced. Transylvania is an important Romanian region for grapevine cultivation. In this context, one can use the climatic changes to expand their wine assortment by cultivating an autochthonous grapevine variety called Amurg. Amurg is a red grape cultivar homologated at SCDVV Blaj, which also homologated 7 cultivars and 11 clones. Because viticulture depends on the stability of meteorological and hydrological parameters of the growing area, its foundations are challenged by climate change. Grapevine production is a long time investment, taking at least five years before the freshly planted vines produce the desired quality berries. We propose the implementation of a climate change-based precision viticulture turn-key solution for environmental monitoring in the Târnave vineyard. This solution aims to evaluate the grapevine’s micro-climate to extend the sustainable cultivation of the Amurg red grapes cultivar in Transylvania with the final goal of obtaining Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) rosé and red wines from this region. Worldwide, the changing conditions from the existing climate (a 30-year average), used in the past hundred years to dictate local standards, such as new and erratic trends of temperature and humidity regimes, late spring freezes, early fall frosts, storms, heatwaves, droughts, area wildfires, and insect infestations, would create dynamic problems for all farmers to thrive. These conditions will make it challenging to predict shifts in each of the components of seasonal weather conditions. Our proposed system also aims to give a solution that can be adapted to other vineyards as well.

The influence and importance of daily weather conditions in the supply of chloride, sulphate and other ions to fresh waters from atmospheric precipitation

1958 ◽  
Vol 244 (1236) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
Soil Weathering

This paper deals with chemical analyses for hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, sulphate and nitrate ions in daily precipitation samples collected in the English Lake District, and examines the correlations of these analyses with ( a ) one another, ( b ) the amount of precipitation, ( c ) wind direction, ( d ) wind velocity, and ( e ) temperature. Highly significant correlations are found between estimates for H, K, Ca, NO 3 and SO 4 ions, and atmospheric pollution appears to supply much of the sulphate in Lake District rain, since it comes largely as sulphuric acid from the south-east. The correlation between Na and Cl is also extremely close, with the proportion between the two ions very similar to that in sea water. Since these two ions are supplied mainly from the south-west, in amounts which are greatly increased by high winds, sea spray may be inferred as the principal source. Nevertheless, evidence is presented for some small supply from atmospheric pollution, and it is furthermore suggested that mixed droplets of sea salt and sulphuric acid may, upon abstraction of moisture by freezing or evaporation, release gaseous hydrogen chloride to the air and so alter the balance of Na and Cl in precipitation. The supply of Na and Cl is also considerably higher in cold than in warm weather, a phenomenon possibly connected with stormier conditions and greater evaporation over the Atlantic Ocean. The atmospheric contribution of ions to natural waters via precipitation is shown to be of great importance, in particular to bog pools, to upland tarns on hard rocks, and to the soil solution in highly organic mor humus layers overlying heavily leached hillside soils. Sodium and chloride in most surface waters appears to be almost wholly supplied by sea spray, while calcium and magnesium bicarbonates are the main products of soil weathering. A net loss of rain acids is evident in all soil waters, although some may be more acid than normal rain water owing to considerable concentration by evaporation. The soil waters are relatively rich in potassium, presumably supplied from decaying vegetation.

Georgian Historians and the Ideological Confrontation Between East and West

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
George Gotsiridze
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
East And West

The work, on the one hand, highlights the mission of Europe, as an importer of knowledge, which has for centuries been the center of gravity for the whole world, and, on the other hand, the role of the Black Sea Region, as an important part of the Great Silk Road, which had also for a long time been promoting the process of rap-prochement and exchange of cultural values between East and West peoples, until it became the ‘inner lake’ of the Ottoman Empire, and today it reverts the function of rapproching and connecting civilizations. The article shows the importance of the Black Sea countries in maintaining overall European stability and in this context the role of historical science. On the backdrop of the ideological confrontation between Georgian historians being inside and outside the Iron Curtain, which began with the foundation of the Soviet Union, the research sheds light on the merit of the Georgian scholars-in-exile for both popularization of the Georgian culture and science in Eu-rope and for importing advanced (European) scientific knowledge to Georgia. Ex-change of knowledge in science and culture between the Black Sea region and Europe will enrich and complete each other through impact and each of them will have unique, inimitative features.

SENSITIVITY OF FORSYTHIA POLLEN TO THE FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE MEGAPOLIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Matiashuk R. ◽  
Tkachenko I.
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level

The sensitivity of the reproductive structures of Forsythiasuspensato the complex influence of undifferentiated environmental factors has been studied.The monitoring sites are located in 15 different park ecosystems in 6 administrative districts of Kyiv. Data from the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory (air pollution index (API) and meteorological conditions for 2018-2020) were used to assess the conditions of the growthenvironment. The influence of a complex of ecologically important factors during the flowering offorsythia on the quality of the formedpollen is noted. Thus, growing plantsfor a long time in conditions with a low level of air pollution (APIup to 5.0) in abnormal weather conditions in 2020,40-50% less fertile grainswere formed. And forplants, which grow in areas with increasedlevel (API5.0-7.0) and high level (API7.0-14.0) of air pollution, the share of fertile grains in the pollen population decreased by 60-80%. In the closed bud,the pollen has higher resistance to a complex of exogenous growth factors. Forsythia plants, which are located in large parklands, lose less pollen quality in adverse weather conditions and affected byurbotechnogenic factors. F. suspensa is an acceptable indicator of the level of environmental pollution by the deviation of pollen fertility from the control value. In areas with high aerogenic load, for example, areas with large highways (Bus Station «Darnytsia»), as well as with a significant recreational load (HolosiivskyiPark, Recreation Park on the Olena Teliha Street) much smaller pollen is formed. Itis noted that the conditions of forsythia growth affect the quantitative indicators of the formed pollen not only in the flower but also in the closed bud, which confirms the chronic effect of the complex of ingredients of aerotechnogenic emissions on plants of this species. The coefficient of sterility of pollen (CS) was used to objectively compare the data of 2019 and 2020 on the condition of the generative organs of F. suspensa in the studied areas. The calculation of the CS confirmed that in the closedbud pollen has a higher resistance to exogenous factors. In areas with high and increased levels of air pollution,during budding and flowering of plants (March-May,) there is a much higher CS of pollen of F. suspensа. Significant parkland territoriesof the city (for example, HolosiivskyiPark, Botanical Garden named after O. V. Fomin) provide less stressful conditions for growth and development of plants, even with the "very high" level of air pollution (ISA above 14.0) observed in April 2020 on this territory.The study of the susceptibility of F. suspensаpollen to growing conditions will be continued, as the prospects of using this species for bioindication of ecological status and zoning of park ecosystems of Kyiv according to the gradient of anthropogenic impact have been revealed.Key words:forsythia, fertility, coefficient of sterility of pollen, bioindication. Проведене дослідження чутливості репродуктивних структур Forsythiasuspensaдо комплексного впливу недиференційованих факторів навколишнього середовища. Моніторингові ділянки розташовані в 15 різних паркових екосистемах 6 адміністративних районівКиєва. Для оцінки умов середовища вирощування рослин використані дані Центральної геофізичної обсерваторії імені Бориса Срезневського (індекс забруднення атмосферного повітря (ІЗА) та метеорологічні умови за 2018-2020 рр.). Відмічено вплив комплексу екологічно важливих факторів (за показниками відхилення від норми середньої місячної температури повітря та місячної кількості опадів у Києві) уперіод квітування форзиції на якість сформованого пилку. Так, за тривалої експозиції рослин в умовах з низьким рівнем забруднення повітря (ІЗА до 5,0) в аномальних погодних умовах 2020 р. сформувалось на 40-50% менше фертильних зерен. А у форзиції, яка росте на територіях з підвищеним (ІЗА 5,0-7,0) та високим (ІЗА 7,0-14,0) рівнями забруднення частка фертильних зерен в популяції пилку зменшилась на 60-80%. У закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до комплексу екзогенних факторів середовища зростання. Рослини форзиції, які розташовані у значних за площею паркових насадженнях, менше втрачають якість пилку за несприятливих погодних умов та дії урботехногенних чинників. За відхиленням показника фертильності пилку від контрольного значення F. suspensaє допустимим індикатором рівня забруднення середовища. На територіях з підвищеним аерогенним навантаженням, наприклад, ділянки з автотранспортними магістралями (Автостанція «Дарниця»), а також зі значним рекреаційним навантаженням (Голосіївський парк імені М. Рильського, Парк відпочинку по вул. Олени Теліги)формується значно дрібніший пилок. Відмічено, що умови росту позначаються на кількісних показниках сформованого пилку не лише в квітці, але й в закритому бутоні, що підтверджує хронічний вплив комплексу інгредієнтів аеротехногенних викидів нарослини цього виду. Для об’єктивного співставлення даних 2019 і 2020 рр. щодо стану генеративних органів F. suspensaна досліджених ділянках був використаний коефіцієнт стерильності (КС) пилку. Розрахунок КС підтвердив, що в закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до впливу екзогенних чинників. Вищий КС був у F. suspense, з ділянок, на яких в період бутонізації і квітування рослин (березень-травень) відмічений високий і підвищений рівень забруднення атмосфери. Значні за площею паркові насадження міста (наприклад, Голосіївський парк, Ботанічний сад ім.акад. О.В. Фоміна) забезпечують менш напружені умови росту і розвитку рослин навіть при відміченому в квітні 2020 р. «дуже високому» рівні забруднення повітря (ІЗА вище 14,0) на цих територіях. Дослідження чутливості пилку F. suspenseдо умов вирощування буде продовжене,оскільки виявлена перспективність використання цього виду для біоіндикації екологічного стану та зонування паркових екосистем Києва за градієнтом антропогенного впливу.Ключові слова: форзиція, фертильність, індекс стерильності, біоіндикація.

The northern Black Sea and North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valenina Mordvinceva ◽  
Sabine Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
Greek Colonization

This chapter surveys the Iron Age in the region extending from the western Black Sea to the North Caucasus. As in many parts of Europe, this was the first period in which written sources named peoples, places, and historical events. The Black Sea saw Greek colonization from the seventh century BC and its northern shore later became the homeland of the important Bosporan kingdom. For a long time, researchers sought to identify tribes named by authors such as Herodotus by archaeological means, but this ethno-deterministic perspective has come under critique. Publication of important new data from across the region now permits us to draw a more coherent picture of successive cultures and of interactions between different parts of this vast area, shedding new light both on local histories and on the role ‘The East’ played in the history of Iron Age Europe.

scholarly journals Rainfall and weather conditions inducing intense landslide activity in northern Spain (Deba, Guipúzcoa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Rivas ◽  
Juan Remondo ◽  
Jaime Bonachea ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Espeso
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Landslide Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Span 60

Abstract. The Deba area is intensely affected by frequent shallow landslides triggered by rainfall. Relationships between rainfall and landslides in northern Spain, particularly for rainfall events driving multiple movements simultaneously, have not been explored in depth so far. This contribution explores the role of rainfall in landslide activity during a quite long time span, (60 years), from a large network of rainfall gauges and a complete inventory of landslides, and utilizing three different strategies of analysis. 1,180 landslides have been inventoried, and 3,241 rainfall episodes automatically recognized and characterized in terms of rainfall amount, duration and intensity. Antecedent rainfall has also been considered. Six episodes of intense rainfall, which have produced multiple landslides (> 50 % of the recent past occurrences) have been identified. The analysis provides different results: the extraordinary character of the triggering rainfall has been assessed, the meteorological conditions associated to those extreme episodes have been recognized and empirical rainfall threshold producing multiple landslides has been found (I = 7.7D-0.428) and compared with others described in literature. Results show that multiple landslide occurrences are triggered by extreme convective rainfall, intense, short and with limited horizontal extent, as well as a marked summer-autumn seasonality, characteristic of Mediterranean climate.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PREPARING FLAX RAW MATERIALS FOR PROCESSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Yu. Вerezovsky ◽  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
M. Yedynovych ◽  
G. Boyko ◽  
N. Lyalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Experimental Researches

The article contains theoretical and experimental researches in the field of the preservation of flax raw material of high moisture content. In the article, factors that are worsening the quality of flax raw material, resulting in non-observance of agrotechnical and technological requirements of preparing, collecting, harvesting the stem material, adverse weather conditions and other factors, are considered. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of preservation agents’ concentrations and of hollow structure device on the quality of flax raw material during long-time storage. In the article, the influence of aqueous preservatives’ concentration, humidity, storage length on the quality of fibrous products, obtained as a result of processing stem material, is analyzed. The influence of the device of hollow structures, as an alternative to preservatives, on the storage process of bast crops stem material was evaluated. The method of flax retted straw storage is described, actions of the main factors influence on the strength of fibers are analyzed. It is demonstrated, that prolongation of flax raw material preservation time can be made by using preservatives without considerable wastes of quality.

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