scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Methods and Computer Technologies in the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Salmonella Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
AV Rakov ◽  
NA Kuznetsova ◽  
E Mastriani ◽  
FN Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction: Salmonella infection occupies a leading position in the structure of acute intestinal infections caused by bacterial pathogens. In recent years, with the development of molecular genetic methods and introduction of techniques of computerized data processing, the improvement of the epidemiological surveillance system in the light of the world scientific achievements has become of particular importance. This review is aimed at presenting the history of developing molecular genetic methods and computer technologies in the study of Salmonella infection, and the update on the issue in the Russian Federation based on recent findings of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.P. Somov, one of the leading Russian centers for the study of Salmonella. Materials and methods: We used databases of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, and did a literature search in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer, and Google Scholar. Results: Since the second half of the 1980s, the method of plasmid DNA analysis of bacteria of the Salmonella genus has been put into practice. Since 1990, this method has been the basis for microbiological molecular genetic monitoring of the pathogen. The geography of the studied strains, restricted to Primorsky Krai in the 1990s, already in the 2000s encompassed the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The studies conducted by the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology helped improve the system of epidemiological surveillance of the causative agent of salmonellosis in the Far East and revealed the structure of the Salmonella population based on the analysis of plasmids contained in Salmonella strains. Conclusion: Several issues related to microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and prevention of Salmonella infection were resolved during the comprehensive research. We discuss prospects for the development of molecular genetic methods and computer technologies in the study of Salmonella infection in the epidemiological surveillance system in the Russian Federation and emphasize the importance of whole-genome sequencing as a new “gold standard” in molecular epidemiology.

Molecular Epidemiological Monitoring of Circulation of Coxsackievirus A10

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
LN Golitsyna ◽  
VV Zverev ◽  
NV Ponomareva ◽  
NI Romanenkova ◽  
Thao Thanh Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Monitoring ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background: Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is currently one of the most common etiological agents of enterovirus infection (EVI). Over the past decade, severe and fatal cases of CV-A10 infection have become more frequent while clinical manifestations of the disease are similar to those of Enterovirus A71 infection. The objective of our study was to characterize circulation of Coxsackievirus A10 in the Russian Federation in 2008–2019 and to study the phylogenetic relationships of strains isolated in Russia and Vietnam. Materials and methods: In 2008–2019, 220 CV-A10 strains were isolated from patients with various clinical manifestations of EVI and from sewage water samples taken in the Russian Federation and then studied using molecular genetic methods. In addition to that, we analyzed 26 CV-A10 strains isolated from patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and acute flaccid paralysis in South Vietnam in 2018–2019. Results: We established a two-year periodicity of CV-A10 active circulation in Russia. In the structure of clinical forms of CV-A10 infection, herpetic angina prevailed (30.8 %), followed by minor illness (25.25 %), respiratory diseases (15.66 %), exanthema (14.65 %), gastrointestinal disorders (8.08 %), and asymptomatic infections (2.02 %). Symptoms of CNS damage (meningitis, meningoencephalitis) were observed in 3.53 % of cases. Most CV-A10 strains from Vietnam were isolated from patients with CNS affection of varying degrees of severity. During the study period, CV-A10 strains of genotypes C, E, and F3 circulated in the territory of the Russian Federation whereas the strains from South Vietnam were represented by genotypes F3 and F1. The studied strains showed a genetic relationship with those of CV-A10 circulating in different countries. Vietnamese and some Russian strains of the F3 genotype were genetically close to the strains isolated from severe cases. Conclusions: Molecular monitoring of CV-A10 circulation is an important component of the global epidemiological surveillance of EVI.

scholarly journals The modern condition of Crimean-Congo hаemorrhagic fever natural focus in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
E. A. Manin ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
A. S. Volynkina ◽  
D. A. Prislegina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Automated Forecasting

Aim.To determine the boundaries of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) natural focus in the Russian Federation at the current stage, to clarify the range of the main reservoirs and vectors of CCHF pathogen, to assess the epidemiological capacity of the natural focus.Materials and methods.The materials of epidemiological and epizootological monitoring of the CCHF natural focus, methods of epidemiological and epizootological analysis, molecular-genetic and cartographic methods were used in the work. The findings have been treated using by software package Microsoft Office Excel 2010.Results.The unified integrity of the CCHF semi-desert-steppe natural focus, which occupies vast territory of the southern part of the Russian Federation of 831 thousand square kilometres, is science-based. Expanding the geographic area of the CCHF agent with the involvement new administrative district can be seen. The trend of shifting of the CCHF natural focus borders in a northerly direction has been established. An increasing of epidemiological capacity of the CCHF natural focus has been noted.Hyalomma marginatumticks are the main reservoirs and vectors of CCHF virus. The genotype «Europe-1» is predominant genotype in the natural focus.Conclusion.It is necessary to improve the tactics of CCHF epidemiological surveillance using modern science-based approaches. For example, automated forecasting-modeling system, using results of multifactorial risk analysis, which have an impact on the intensity of CCHF epidemic appearances, allows to quantitative forecast epidemiological situation on this infection in the aggregate and for certain subjects of the south of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Anthrax in the Russian Federation: Improvement of Epizootic-Epidemiological Surveillance at the Present Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
S. A. Kartavyaya ◽  
S. R. Raichich ◽  
M. N. Loktionova ◽  
A. A. Shabeykin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
The Russian Federation

The improvement of epizootic-epidemiological surveillance of anthrax in the Russian Federation acquires particular urgency in modern conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the current  situation of anthrax in the Russian Federation and to develop and implement effective technologies of epizootic-epidemiological  surveillance. The materials of the study were data from official  statistics, information-analytical and archival materials; GIS  «Anthrax» data and The Cadastre of the settlements characterized  by persistent risk of anthrax in the Russian Federation, as well as  materials of publications and results of own researches. The modern  manifestations of both epizootic and epidemic processes of anthrax  in the Russian Federation, characterized by the occurrence of  outbreaks during the reduce in incidence of anthrax among humans  and animals, were revealed. The directions of the current  surveillance system have been determined.

scholarly journals Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
Olzeno Trevisan ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Renato Moreira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The State ◽  
High Index ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Issue of the Molecular-genetic Structure of the Causative Agent of the Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Russian Federation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mikhailovna Donnik ◽  
Maksim Valeryevich Petropavlovsky ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Krivonogova ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Shkuratova ◽  
Marzena Rola-Łuszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Comprehensive Clinical and Social Research at the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry: Translation into Clinical Practice

10.17816/cp95 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Shmukler ◽  
Larisa G. Movina ◽  
Oleg O. Papsuev ◽  
Lyudmila I. Salnikova ◽  
Nina G. Shashkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Research Institute

The article is devoted to the work of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry to improve psychiatric care for patients with psychotic disorders. An important feature of this work was an integrated approach, in which the clinical picture of the disease was assessed in close connection with the patient's personal and psychological characteristics, social conditions of his life, therapeutic opportunities, rehabilitation potential and organizational structure of care. The article reflects the results of many years of work of the department of outpatient psychiatry and the organization of psychiatric care under the guidance of Professor I.Ya. Gurovich. The results of scientific research carried out by the staff of the institute in a traditional humanistic manner are presented. The translational nature of the research is emphasized by its inextricable link with clinical and social approaches. As a result of many years of work, a concept was developed to provide assistance to various groups of patients, starting with the first manifestations of the disease and ending with cases of long-term chronic disorders with a pronounced level of social maladaptation. As a result, a whole spectrum of new organizational forms of psychiatric care was proposed, such as departments (clinics) of the first psychotic episode, medical rehabilitation departments, assertive community treatment departments, designed for the most difficult patients. These organizational forms were fixed in the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. To date, the above departments have been established in psychiatric institutions in many regions of the Russian Federation. Further development of this area is associated with neurobiological research to identify complex biomarkers of psychotic spectrum disorders. Thus, the research carried out at the present time preserves the tradition of an integrated clinical and social approach to the study of mental disorders. It is shown that an important advantage of this approach is their translational nature.

Homicide Epidemic in Cali, Colombia: A Surveillance System Data Analysis, 1993‒2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guerrero-Velasco ◽  
Víctor Hugo Muñoz ◽  
Alberto Concha-Eastman ◽  
Álvaro J. Pretel-Meneses ◽  
Maria I. Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Objectives. To examine homicide rates in Cali, Colombia, during the 1993–2018 period, using information derived from an interagency surveillance system. Methods. We used homicide data from Cali’s Epidemiological Surveillance System to examine homicide trends by victim’s age and sex, time, and type of method used. We estimated trend changes and the annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression analyses. Results. Homicide rates per 100 000 inhabitants dropped from 102 in 1993 to 47.8 in 2018. We observed reductions in homicide rates across age and sex groups. Most homicide victims were men aged 20 to 39 years from poor, marginalized areas. Firearms were used in 84.9% of all cases. The average annual percentage change for the entire period was −3.6 (95% confidence interval = −6.7, −0.4). Conclusions. Fluctuations in homicide rates in Cali show a clear epidemic pattern, occurring concurrently with the “crack epidemic” in different countries. Reliable and timely information provided by an Epidemiological Surveillance System allowed opportune formulation of public policies to reduce the impact of violence in Cali. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306254 )

scholarly journals Profiling Cases With Nonrespiratory Symptoms and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽  
Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽  
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Carlos A Fermín-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Márquez-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Abstract We profiled cases with nonrespiratory symptoms (NRS) and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections assessed within Mexico City’s Epidemiological Surveillance System. Initially asymptomatic or NRS cases have decreased risk of adverse outcomes compared with cases with respiratory symptoms. Comorbidity and age influence symptom development in initially asymptomatic cases.

Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Tagoon Prappre ◽  
Pakamas Pairot ◽  
Nurlisa Oumudee ◽  
Monir Islam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Automatic Data Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.

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