scholarly journals PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF CHAGA BIRCH MUSHROOM COMPONENTS (INONOTUS OBLIQUUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Pavel Khoroshutin ◽  
Galina Reva ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Ivan Reva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Oncological Pathology

The study presents an analysis of the available scientific literature and outcomes of clinical trials on biologically active components of the birch Chaga mushroom Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus). Our experimental and clinical studies were aimed at testing a novel plant-based substance for patients with cancer or tumors of various locations. The paper investigates pathogenetic mechanisms and effectiveness of chaga mushroom extracts depending on the topography of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the age of patients, as well as the questions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the components of I. obliquus. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, the pathogenetically justified clinical application of extracts of the birch chaga mushroom I. obliquus in patients with oncological pathology was conceptually presented. The study allowed us to reveal possible mechanisms of pathogenetic effects of the birch chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) extracts obtained by different extraction methods. Analysis of the available data enabled us to deepen our understanding of the effectiveness and mechanisms of the effect of the I. obliquus extracts on tumors of various localization. Finally we present recommendations on predicting the possibility of using the I. obliquus to improve outcomes in patients with cancer of various etiology and locations.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils from the Pericarps of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) by Different Extraction Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hua Zhang ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Yong Xia Jia ◽  
Jie Tang Zhao ◽  
Guo Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Santalum Album L

The chemical composition of volatile compounds from pericarp oils of Indian sandalwood, Santalum album L., isolated by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The pericarps yielded 2.6 and 5.0% volatile oil by hydrodistillation and n-hexane extraction, and they were colorless and yellow in color, respectively. A total of 66 volatile components were detected. The most prominent compounds were palmitic and oleic acids, representing about 40-70% of the total oil. Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as α- and β-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Far East Sikhotinsky Rhododendron (Rh. sichotense) and East Siberian Rhododendron (Rh. adamsii) Using Supercritical CO2-Extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3774
Author(s):  
Mayya Razgonova ◽  
Alexander Zakharenko ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Vasily Grudev ◽  
Kirill Golokhvast
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Co2 Flow

Rhododendron sichotense Pojark. and Rhododendron adamsii Rheder have been actively used in ethnomedicine in Mongolia, China and Buryatia (Russia) for centuries, as an antioxidant, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, vitality-restoring agent. These plants contain various phenolic compounds and fatty acids with valuable biological activity. Among green and selective extraction methods, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction has been shown to be the method of choice for the recovery of these naturally occurring compounds. Operative parameters and working conditions have been optimized by experimenting with different pressures (300–400 bar), temperatures (50–60 °C) and CO2 flow rates (50 mL/min) with 1% ethanol as co-solvent. The extraction time varied from 60 to 70 min. A HPLC-UV-VIS-ESI-MS/MS technique was applied to detect target analytes. A total of 48 different biologically active components have been identified in the Rh. adamsii SC-CO2 extracts. A total of 31 different biologically active components have been identified in the Rh. sichotense SC-CO2 extracts.

Realizing the Potential of Blueberry as Natural Inhibitor of Metastasis and Powerful Apoptosis Inducer: Tapping the Treasure Trove for Effective Regulation of Cell Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1780-1786
Author(s):  
Sundas Fayyaz ◽  
Rukset Attar ◽  
Baojun Xu ◽  
Uteuliyev Y. Sabitaliyevich ◽  
Aima Adylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Blueberries belong to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. Rapidly accumulating experimentally verified data is uncovering the tremendous pharmacological properties of biologically active constituents of blueberries against different diseases. Our rapidly evolving knowledge about the multifaceted nature of cancer has opened new horizons to search for different strategies to target multiple effectors of oncogenic networks to effectively inhibit cancer onset and progression. Excitingly, whole blueberry powder and various bioactive constituents (pterostilbene, malvidin-3-galactoside) of blueberries have been shown to efficiently inhibit metastasis in animal models. These results are encouraging and future studies must focus on the identification of cell signaling pathways effectively modulated by blueberries in different cancers. It seems exciting to note that researchers are focusing on metastasis inhibitory effects of blueberry; however, to reap full benefits, it is necessary to take a step back and critically re-interpret the mechanisms used by active components of blueberry to inhibit or prevent metastasis. JAK/STAT, TGF/SMAD, Notch, SHH/GLI, and Wnt/ β-Catenin have been shown to be directly involved in the regulation of metastasis. However, because of limited studies, it is difficult to critically assess the true potential of blueberry. Loss of apoptosis, metastasis and deregulation of signaling pathways are branching trajectories of molecular oncology. Accordingly, we have to emphasize on these essential facets to realistically claim blueberry as "Superfood". Different clinical trials have been conducted to gather clinical evidence about the chemopreventive role of blueberry or its bioactive components in cancer patients. But it seems clear that because of the lack of sufficient proof-of-concept studies, we cannot extract significant information about the transition of blueberry into the next phases of clinical trials. Overview of the existing scientific evidence revealed visible knowledge gaps and a better understanding of the targets of blueberry will be helpful in efficient and meaningful translation of laboratory findings to clinically effective therapeutics.

scholarly journals FRESHWATER SAPROPEL: BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF EXTRACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ilona Pavlovska ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Solid Liquid

Previously, sapropel has been commonly used in agriculture, cosmetology and medicine in its raw form and there has been no generally accepted method or standard for realizing sapropel extract. However, for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy, it is essential to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. This review aims at discussing and summing up different techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from sapropel as well as the possibilities of creating quality criteria. This paper covers existing analytical techniques and methodologies; currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. Different freshwater sapropel types have been described and characterized. Bioactive components in sapropel have been identified and explained. Humic acids and fulvic acids have been identified as the main substances and their extraction methods have been listed. Solid-liquid, ultrasound assisted and supercritical fluid extraction methods have been pointed out as the most suitable. Additionally, analysis and storage conditions of the extracts have been discussed. There have been found to be no commonly accepted standard methods for sapropel extraction, or for the analysis and characterization of the sapropel extracts. For pharmacological applications, a common approach for the extraction process of active substances from sapropel and the analysis procedures of the extracts need to be established. This review will help equip other researchers with the latest information on this topic.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM FRESHWATER SAPROPEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins ◽  
Alise Silova ◽  
Linda Dobkevica
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Sapropel has been used for different purposes - in agriculture as fertilizer, in construction as building material, in cosmetic products, in balneology also in medicine and pharmaceuticals as bioactive component. Previously sapropel has been commonly used in raw form and there is no general accepted method or standard method for obtaining sapropel extract. However, most extraction methods follow the same path. Currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. The most commonly used extractant is alkaline solution. When sapropel is subjected to alkaline environment, the humic and fulvic acids, together with some lipids, vitamins and sugar, present in the raw sapropel become soluble, however other organic and mineral content present in the sapropel remain solid. Alkaline extraction is followed by filtration and water present in the aqueous mixture is evaporated off. Latvian freshwater sapropel can be used as raw material for obtaining sapropel extract and use it as remedy. But the main question for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy is to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. The quality criteria should include minimum requirements for biologically active substance concentration, pH values, antioxidants as well as physical characteristics. In future studies the differences in extract characteristics of the various deposit sites, as well as the stability of the extracts under different storage conditions should be defined; also, there is need for a common approach to develop method of extraction process for active substances from sapropel and analysis procedures of its extract.

L-arginine effect on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Mirhafez ◽  
Mitra Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract. L-arginine is an important factor in several physiological and biochemical processes. Recently, scientists studied L-arginine effect on inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We conducted a systematic review on randomized controlled trials assessing L-arginine effect on inflammatory mediators. We searched data bases including Google scholar, ISI web of science, SCOPUS, and PubMed/Medline up to April 2019. Randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of L-arginine on inflammatory mediators in human adults were included. Our search retrieved eleven articles with 387 participants. Five articles were on patients with cancer and 6 articles were on adults without cancer. L-arginine was applied in enteral form in 5 articles and in oral form in 6 articles. Eight articles were on both genders, two articles were on women, and one article was on men. L-arginine could not reduce inflammatory mediators among patients with and without cancer except one article which indicated that taking L-arginine for 6 months decreased IL-6 among cardiopathic nondiabetic patients. Our results indicated that L-arginine might not be able to reduce selected inflammatory mediators, but for making a firm decision more studies are needed to be conducted with longer intervention duration, separately on male and female and with different doses of L-arginine.

Rationale for heparin treatment of colon cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ornstein ◽  
L. R. Zacharski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Anticoagulant Drug ◽  
Cancer Outcome ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Spectrum Of Patients ◽  
To Receive

SummaryIt is widely known that the systemic blood coagulation mechanism is often activated in malignancy, leading to an increased incidence of vascular thromboses in patients with cancer. It is not widely appreciated, however, that products of the coagulation mechanism may also support tumor growth and dissemination. Interest in this approach to cancer therapy has surged recently because of mounting evidence that the familiar anticoagulant drug, heparin, may impede tumor progression. Heparin has the capacity to modify angiogenesis, growth factor and protease activity, immune function, cell proliferation and gene expression in ways that may block malignant dissemination. Clinical trials in which heparin has been administered to a broad spectrum of patients to prevent or treat thrombosis have unexpectedly shown improvement in survival in the subset of patients with malignancy entered to these studies. Meta-analyses of clinical trials comparing unfractionated (UF) versus low molecular weight (LMW) heparin treating venous thromboembolism suggest that there may be substantial improvement in cancer outcome in patients with malignancy randomized to receive LMW heparin. These findings provide a rationale for definitive clinical trials of LMW heparin in cancer, and the results of several such studies that are currently underway are awaited with interest.

Treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryCancer is a major and independent risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In clinical practice, a high number of VTE events occurs in patients with cancer, and treatment of cancerassociated VTE differs in several aspects from treatment of VTE in the general population. However, treatment in cancer patients remains a major challenge, as the risk of recurrence of VTE as well as the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulation is substantially higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. In several clinical trials, different anticoagulants and regimens have been investigated for treatment of acute VTE and secondary prophylaxis in cancer patients to prevent recurrence. Based on the results of these trials, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) has become the treatment of choice in cancer patients with acute VTE in the initial period and for extended and long-term anticoagulation for 3-6 months. New oral anticoagulants directly inhibiting thrombin or factor Xa, have been developed in the past decade and studied in large phase III clinical trials. Results from currently completed trials are promising and indicate their potential use for treatment of VTE. However, the role of the new oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors for VTE treatment in cancer patients still has to be clarified in further studies specifically focusing on cancer-associated VTE. This brief review will summarize the current strategies of initial and long-term VTE treatment in patients with cancer and discuss the potential use of the new oral anticoagulants.

PRODUCTION OF BLENDED JUICE FROM PUMPKIN, QUINCE, PERSIMMON

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
I. A. Kyazimova ◽  
А. А. Kasumova ◽  
А. А. Nabiev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Dietary Value ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Production of plant products, including juices around the world increases continuously. In the fruit and vegetable juices contain a significant amount of monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), organic acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, mineral substances and other biologically active components that determine the nutritional and dietary value. For the prevention of various diseases associated with impaired metabolic processes, we developed a new technology of preparation of food by blending juice of pumpkin, quince and persimmon. Thus prepared organic blended juice contains a substantial amount of free glucose and fructose, different phenolic compounds, a sufficient amount of organic acids, mineral elements, including iodine and other components that determine its nutritional and biological value. In prepared juices were evaluated the quantitative indicators of β-carotene, vitamin C, glucose and fructose, sucrose, starch, pectin substances. Also in the atomic absorbtion spectrometer Analyst 400 (PerkinElmer, USA) was analyzed content of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. Prepared juices were tested in accordance with 10 point scoring scale. It is established that all juices contain a sufficient amount of the minerals. In pumpkin and quince juices not contain iodine while it presents in sufficient amount in persimmon juice that’s why in the blended juice mineral in addition to mineral elements iodine are contained. In pumpkin and persimmon aliphatic acids are contained in small amount. For this reason during the blending process was used quince juice which is rich in aliphatic acids. The blended juice is light straw color, with delicious flavor, a slight astringent property and a balanced taste.

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