scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM FRESHWATER SAPROPEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins ◽  
Alise Silova ◽  
Linda Dobkevica
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Sapropel has been used for different purposes - in agriculture as fertilizer, in construction as building material, in cosmetic products, in balneology also in medicine and pharmaceuticals as bioactive component. Previously sapropel has been commonly used in raw form and there is no general accepted method or standard method for obtaining sapropel extract. However, most extraction methods follow the same path. Currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. The most commonly used extractant is alkaline solution. When sapropel is subjected to alkaline environment, the humic and fulvic acids, together with some lipids, vitamins and sugar, present in the raw sapropel become soluble, however other organic and mineral content present in the sapropel remain solid. Alkaline extraction is followed by filtration and water present in the aqueous mixture is evaporated off. Latvian freshwater sapropel can be used as raw material for obtaining sapropel extract and use it as remedy. But the main question for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy is to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. The quality criteria should include minimum requirements for biologically active substance concentration, pH values, antioxidants as well as physical characteristics. In future studies the differences in extract characteristics of the various deposit sites, as well as the stability of the extracts under different storage conditions should be defined; also, there is need for a common approach to develop method of extraction process for active substances from sapropel and analysis procedures of its extract.

scholarly journals FRESHWATER SAPROPEL: BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF EXTRACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ilona Pavlovska ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Solid Liquid

Previously, sapropel has been commonly used in agriculture, cosmetology and medicine in its raw form and there has been no generally accepted method or standard for realizing sapropel extract. However, for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy, it is essential to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. This review aims at discussing and summing up different techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from sapropel as well as the possibilities of creating quality criteria. This paper covers existing analytical techniques and methodologies; currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. Different freshwater sapropel types have been described and characterized. Bioactive components in sapropel have been identified and explained. Humic acids and fulvic acids have been identified as the main substances and their extraction methods have been listed. Solid-liquid, ultrasound assisted and supercritical fluid extraction methods have been pointed out as the most suitable. Additionally, analysis and storage conditions of the extracts have been discussed. There have been found to be no commonly accepted standard methods for sapropel extraction, or for the analysis and characterization of the sapropel extracts. For pharmacological applications, a common approach for the extraction process of active substances from sapropel and the analysis procedures of the extracts need to be established. This review will help equip other researchers with the latest information on this topic.

scholarly journals Influence of drying methods on preservation of biologically active substances of garden strawberries being raw material for food enrichment

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
I M Novikova ◽  
O M Blinnikova ◽  
L G Eliseeva ◽  
D A Blinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract At present, the preservation of the consumer properties of berry products is an urgent problem. Use of fresh garden strawberries is limited by a short storage period and seasonality. Under optimal storage conditions in a normal atmosphere, the average shelf life of strawberries is from 2 to 9 days depending on the variety. To meet the needs of the population in garden strawberries and meet the physiological needs in a unique complex of biologically active substances, strawberries are subjected to different processing methods. Drying being a type of fruit and berry products processing has the following advantages: a significant increase in the shelf life of products, a decrease in the mass and storage volumes of dried berries, preservation of minerals, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, antioxidants, bioflavonoids and many biologically active compounds in berries. Modern drying technologies allow preserving the content of essential vitamins to its full extent. Comparison of two technologies for drying garden strawberries has established that vitamins and other biologically active substances are well preserved in berries. Berries dried by convective vacuum-impulse method (CVI) are recommended to be used for food enrichment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Cleaned Bovine Tendon in a Heterotopic Implantation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Maksim Gurin ◽  
◽  
Aleksey Venediktov ◽  
Yuliya Glumskova ◽  
Kristina Korneeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Ligament Prosthesis ◽  
Implantation Model

Damage to the tendon-ligamentous apparatus places serious limitations on a personʼs physical activity. Injuries are especially common in physically healthy people leading an active lifestyle, such as athletes. To treat such injuries in orthopaedics and traumatology, autoplastic operations are performed or prostheses made of synthetic or biological materials are installed. The known treatment methods, in spite of their effectiveness, have a number of serious drawbacks, which often limit their use. Therefore, the search for new approaches and materials for plastic ligaments is an urgent task. Today, biotissue prostheses are accumulating advantages over their synthetic counterparts. The most promising raw material for biological ligament prostheses, due to its availability in the required quantity and optimal size, is the flexor and extensor calf tendons. This paper aimed to develop a method for treating xenogenic tendon to manufacture ligament prostheses and assessing its biocompatibility in a heterotopic implantation model. To manufacture a ligament prosthesis, the raw material was subjected to mechanical cleaning and chemical-physical treatment, as well as treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with the addition of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80, which together contributed to effective decellularization and removal of other biologically active components, while maintaining the physical and mechanical parameters and natural fiberarchitectonics of native raw materials. The biocompatible properties of ligament prosthesis specimens made from the flexor and extensor calf tendons using this method were evaluated in a model of heterotopic implantation into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats. The results obtained confirm the promising use of this material, treated according to the proposed method, in clinical practice.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF TREPANG ON THE CONTENT OF TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES AND SELENIUM IN WASTE OF ITS PROCESSING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.И. ЧЕПКАСОВА ◽  
Н.Б. АЮШИН ◽  
Т.Н. СЛУЦКАЯ ◽  
Л.Т. КОВЕКОВДОВА
Keyword(s):  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Technological Methods

Исследована возможность использования непищевых отходов разделки трепанга дальневосточного в качестве сырья для производства БАД на основе селена и гликозидов. В качестве объектов исследования использовали отходы переработки Apostichopus japonicus: прианальные участки и венчики с щупальцами и варочные воды. Исследовано содержание селена и гликозидов в трепанге и отходах его разделки, а также содержание и распределение селена и гликозидов при гидротермической и ферментативной обработке трепанга и отходов его разделки. Установлено, что содержание селена в трепанге и отходах составляет 9,0 и 11,5 мкг/г соответственно. Увеличение кратности варки до трех приводит к накоплению селена в варочной воде из трепанга до 30,5 мкг/г, а из отходов – до 107,5 мкг/г. Показано, что при варке трепанга гликозиды высвобождаются активнее. Содержание гликозидов в трехкратной варочной воде из трепанга составляет 162, а из отходов трепанга – 112 мг на 1 г сухого веса. Обоснована суточная дозировка БАД, разработанных по предлагаемым технологическим приемам. Показана возможность использования непищевых отходов, полученных при переработке трепанга, в качестве сырья для производства БАД как источника минорных биологически активных компонентов – селена и гликозидов. The purpose of the study: assessment of the possibility of using non-food waste from cutting trepang as a raw material for the production of biologically active food additives based on the determination of the content and ratio of selenium and glycosides. As objects of the study, the Far Eastern trepang (Apostichopus japonicus), waste from its processing: prianal areas and corollas with tentacles and cooking water were used. The content of selenium and glycosides in trepang and waste from its cutting, as well as the content and distribution of selenium and glycosides during hydrothermal and enzymatic treatment of trepang and waste from its cutting, are studied. It was found that the content of selenium in trepang and wastes is 9,0 and 11,5 мg/g, respectively. An increase in the cooking rate to three leads to the accumulation of selenium in cooking water from trepang to 30,5 мg/g, and from waste to 107,5 мg/g. It is shown that glycosides are more actively released when trepang cooking, in comparison with waste. The content of glycosides in triple cooking water from trepang is 162 mg, and from the waste – 112 mg per one gram of dry weight. The daily dosage for dietary supplements developed based on the proposed technological methods is substantiated. The possibility of using non-food wastes obtained during trepang processing as a raw material for the production of biologically active food additives as a source of minor biologically active components – selenium and glycosides is shown.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils from the Pericarps of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) by Different Extraction Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hua Zhang ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Yong Xia Jia ◽  
Jie Tang Zhao ◽  
Guo Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Santalum Album L

The chemical composition of volatile compounds from pericarp oils of Indian sandalwood, Santalum album L., isolated by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The pericarps yielded 2.6 and 5.0% volatile oil by hydrodistillation and n-hexane extraction, and they were colorless and yellow in color, respectively. A total of 66 volatile components were detected. The most prominent compounds were palmitic and oleic acids, representing about 40-70% of the total oil. Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as α- and β-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PEAT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
Svetlana Borisovna Selyanina ◽  
Tamara Igorevna Ponomareva ◽  
Ol'ga Nikolayevna Yarygina ◽  
Marina Vital'yevna Trufanova ◽  
Ivan Nikolayevich Zubov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Northern Russia

The deep processing of peat is one of the important resources for the development of the Northern Russia territories. The humic products are the most perspective from peat bio-active derivatives. At the same time, the presence of accompanying components with biological activity in them does not take into account. This research is focused on the elimination of this inaccuracy by studying the biological activity of fractions extracted from high-moor peat by the method of sequential disassembly. Bioactivity was characterized by the method of laboratory phytotesting on lettuce seeds, pretreated with solutions of preparations with stabilized pH and the content of nutrient salts. The performed studies confirmed the authors' hypothesis about the influence of the method of obtaining peat humic preparations on the biological activity. Antagonism of the effect on the phytoactivity of humic compounds, resins and waxes was revealed.  The additional studies are required for an explanation of this mechanism.  The fulvic acids stimulate seed germination, as part of the humic part, but intensify their damage by rot, while humic acids provide a smaller, but more stable, increase in germination due to the greater preservation of seedlings. Seed treatment with bituminous preparations inhibits the development of rot. The greatest fungicidal effect is shown by the fraction of resins, whereas peat wax, to a lesser extent, inhibits seed damage, but provides the highest and most stable stimulating effect in relation to their germination. Thus, peat bitumen waxes can serve as a good protective and stimulating agent and can be used, for example, to encapsulate seeds, as a presowing treatment to increase yields.

scholarly journals Efficient two-frequency ultrasound extraction of β-carotene from the fungus Blakeslea trispora

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Avdeenko ◽  
Elena Belova ◽  
Predrag Dasic ◽  
Svetlana Konovalova ◽  
Larisa Baklanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Blakeslea Trispora ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Efficient Energy Transfer ◽  
Temperature Application ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Carotenoids are known for their lower environmental pollution, lower costs, shorter extraction time compared to regular extraction methods and higher extraction efficiency. Ultrasound has significant advantages in the extraction of a great number of biologically active compounds including carotenoids. Benefits of using ultrasound for extraction of various compounds are numerous and include effective mixing and micro-mixing, more efficient energy transfer, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, reduced temperature. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of two-frequency ultrasound main parameters such as ultrasonic intensity, sonication time, and temperature. Application of two-frequency ultrasound (simultaneous influence of ultrasound with frequency of 20?46 kHz, intensity of 1.5?2.5 W/cm2 and frequency of 1.0?2.0 MHz, intensity of 2.0?3.0 W/cm2) raises the percentage of ?-carotene extraction from biomass of the fungus Blakeslea trispora from 90?92% up to 98?99% in comparison with one frequency ultrasound. The recommended oil temperature for the extraction process is 35?C, because lower temperature leads to reduction of percentage of ?-carotene extraction, and higher temperature promotes unjustified increase of expenditure of energy.

scholarly journals Оbtaining isovaleric acid extraction from plant raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
V. V. Dyachok ◽  
◽  
I. L. Dіachok ◽  
O. L. Ivankiv ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Isovaleric Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The paper presents a mathematical description of the process of obtaining isovaleric acid by the method of extraction of roots and rhizomes of valerian, taking into account its chemical structure and the nature of the extractant. The traditional case of the extraction process, the straight line of equilibrium in the case of using an aqueous alcohol solution as an extractant and the unconventional case of using desalinated water as an extractant, which is represented by a convex equilibrium line, is substantiated. The cause of the unconventional case is the phenomenon of formation of associations between diphilic molecules of isovaleric acid and dipole molecules with water. The possibility of using ion exchange was investigated to isolate isovaleric acid from the extract of biologically active compounds. The identity of isovaleric acid obtained in this way by the gas method was confirmed chromatography.

TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PLANT COMPLEX: DETERMINATION OF REGULATED PARAMETERS, FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Technology Of Production

The technology of production of a biologically active phytocomplex in the form of a biologically active additive has been discussed. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the formulation, which forms the functional properties of a specialized product, has scientifically been determined. The main stages of production include the preparation and input control of the raw material, the preparation of a mixture for encapsulation, including the steps of dispensing, sieving, grinding and mixing at a rate of 100 kg / 1 h, encapsulation and deducting, packaging, packaging and storage. A description of the technology of ex-traction of plant raw materials has been given, which is of great importance in the formation of consumer properties of the product being developed. The extraction process includes: obtaining liquid recovery us-ing demineralized water with dissolved in it sodium bicarbonate in an amount of 8% of the dry feed con-tent. The extractant-raw ratio is 1:13, the extraction time is 4 hours for each time; thickening of the liquid extract. It is carried out by means of vacuum in a vacuum evaporator plant before obtaining an extract with a solids content of not less than 20%; obtaining a dry extract. It is carried out by spray drying at a temperature of 90-95 ° C. The advantage of the developed technology of dietary supplements is the possi-bility of combining several differently directed biologically active substances in one capsule. The gelati-nous membrane reliably protects the contents from various environmental factors. Functional properties of the formulation formula of a specialized product are aimed at the prevention and comprehensive treatment of infectious viral diseases, confirmed by the conclusion of experts from the Russian Federal Service for Consumer Rights and Consumer Protection and the results of clinical trials in a group of pa-tients with acute respiratory viral infections. The developed product has been approved and produced at the enterprises of the company «Art Life».

scholarly journals Assessment of sapropel use for pharmaceutical products according to legislation, pollution parameters, and concentration of biologically active substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Pavlovska ◽  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins ◽  
Alise Silova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractDevelopment trends need the necessity for wider use of the local resources and available natural materials are one of the priorities around the world. Freshwater sapropel is a common material in the water basement of the lakes, but still not sufficiently explored. The main goal of the project to start detailed and systematic research on the medical properties of sapropel to be obtained in Latvia, promote its scientifically based use in balneology, develop new medical procedures and services, and promote development of new exportable products. The results include the survey, sampling depths, and processing, evaluation of external signs, physical, chemical, and biochemical parameters, and evaluation of microbiological indicators. Active components from the sapropel samples extracted using the alkaline method. Sapropel extracts were characterized by organic carbon content, humic and fulvic acid concentrations, total phenolic content, trace metal and pesticide concentrations, total antioxidant status, and microbiological flora. Summarizing the article's main findings it was concluded that Latvian freshwater sapropel can be used as raw material for obtaining sapropel extract and use it in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and promote the development of new exportable products and services.

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