scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM APPLICATION IN AMERICAN, AUSTRALIA, TAIWAN, NEW ZEALAND, SOUTH KOREA, AND PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 186-199
Author(s):  
Nornajihah Mohammad Yazid ◽  
Ami Hassan Md Din ◽  
Abdullah Hisam Omar ◽  
Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Faiz Pa’suya
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Astronomical Tide ◽  
Vertical Datum ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Gathering Data

Height or depth on the surface of the Earth is the crucial element in the three-dimensional coordinate system. Commonly, the height or depth value will denote a particular reference surface known as a vertical datum. Conventionally, the vertical datum is divided into two major categories which are Geoid/ Mean Sea Level and Lowest Astronomical Tide. This paper is an effort to review the applications of geodetic vertical datum from American, Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, South Korea, and Peninsular Malaysia. An overview of geodetic vertical datum will be summarised to support the future application. Thus, a review consisting of a data gathering, data input, and analysis approach in vertical datum applications will be discussed and outlined. This initiative is significant for the planning and advancement of future vertical datum development in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The implementation and advancement of a regional geodetic vertical datum

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
N M Yazid ◽  
A H M Din ◽  
A H Omar ◽  
M F Pa’suya ◽  
N M Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geoid Height ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
Astronomical Tide ◽  
Vertical Datum ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate

Abstract The essential parameter in computing three-dimensional coordinate system is the height or depth of the Earth’s surface. It represents a particular reference surface that recognised as a vertical datum. The vertical datum is alienated into two foremost categories recognised as Mean Sea Level and Lowest Astronomical Tide. Different modifications approach, techniques and software programs are developed to determine vertical datum of a region with respect to geoid surface. This paper presents an effort to review and discuss the implementations and advancement of geodetic vertical datum based on geoid height reference surface. Hence, there are eight countries will be extracted and outlined in this paper consist of the United States of America, Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, South Korea, Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia. An overview of geodetic vertical datum which implemented in these countries are summarised to support the future development of a regional vertical datum model. Then, the overview will also be utilised and analysed based on the essential elements and parameters for vertical datum model determination which include: data gathering, data input and analysis approach in order to develop a geodetic vertical datum model with good accuracy. These attempt and initiative are vital for the current and future implementation and advancement of geodetic vertical datum in the region of Malaysia across land and marine areas.

scholarly journals Lessons learnt from being an 'insider' to the research context: Gathering data 'at home' while enrolled as a PhD student overseas

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Tuyet Nhung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Gathering Data ◽  
At Home

This article retells the story of a researcher from the time she prepared for the data-gathering in her home country, to the time she was in the field. The story, in her own words, are reflections on how she utilised the advantages of being an insider to the studied context. The lessons illustrated by the researcher in this article may help other international postgraduate students studying in New Zealand—as well as their PhD supervisors—understand some of the multiple factors that affect the PhD students’ study, and how each PhD student may negotiate and adjust to accomplish their mission to gather data in their home country while enrolled in an overseas university.

scholarly journals An unlikely partnership? New Zealand–South Korea bilateral cooperation and Antarctic order

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Flamm
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South Korea ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cold War

Abstract While the Antarctic Treaty System intended to keep Antarctica an area of international cooperation and science free from militarisation and international conflict, the region has not been completely shielded from global power transitions, such as decolonisation and the end of the Cold War. Presently, emerging countries from Asia are increasingly willing to invest in polar infrastructure and science on the back of their growing influence in world politics. South Korea has also invested heavily in its Antarctic infrastructure and capabilities recently and has been identified as an actor with economic and political interests that are potentially challenging for the existing Antarctic order. This article first assesses the extent and performance of the growing bilateral cooperation between South Korea and one of its closest partners, New Zealand, a country with strong vested interests in the status quo order. How did the cooperation develop between these two actors with ostensibly diverging interests? This article finds that what may have been a friction–laden relationship, actually developed into a win-win partnership for both countries. The article then moves on to offer an explanation for how this productive relationship was made possible by utilising a mutual socialisation approach that explores socio-structural processes around status accommodation.

BioBoard

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 1267-1273
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza ◽  
Speed Up

Australia — Politicians Chastise Australia's Science Institute. Australia — GE Healthcare and WA Government Collaborate on Cell-based Imaging Equipment. Australia — The Goal of Imugene's H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine. China — East China University Sparks Debate on Education Funding. China — 3D Map of SARS virus Drawn. China — Researchers Comment that Global Loss of Biodiversity is Harming Ocean Bounty. China — China Insists that there are No Variant Bird Flu Strain. China — Gene involved in Eye Lens Development. China — Cancer-causing Dye Found in Duck Eggs in China. Hong Kong — Scientists in Hong Kong Found Clues to Pandemic Bird Flu. Hong Kong — Hong Kong Bird Flu Expert Picked to Head WHO. India — Ranbaxy Signs Licensing Agreement with Swiss Company Debiopharm. India — Indian Biotechnology Park. Japan — Japan's New Premier Chases Innovation. Japan — Japan Reforms Screening to Speed up Drug Approval. New Zealand — New Zealand Invests in Neurology Project. South Korea — South Korea Gives Funding Boost to Stem-Cell Research. South Korea — South Korea Plans to Inject $253 million into Biotech. South Korea — Scientists Discover Stem Cells Might Help to Treat Mental Illness. Singapore — Renowned French Cancer Development Biologist Moves to Singapore's Biopolis. Singapore — Singapore Plans to Build Bigger Heart Center to Handle Spiraling Patient Numbers. Singapore — New Centre for Biomedical Ethics at NUS. Taiwan — Taiwan's CDC Places Order for H5N1 Vaccine. Taiwan — Tenders sought for Pingtung Agricultural Biotech Park Housing.

A Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibio-Femoral Contact

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy L. Haut Donahue ◽  
M. L. Hull ◽  
Mark M. Rashid ◽  
Christopher R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Contact Behavior ◽  
Element Size ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate

As a step towards developing a finite element model of the knee that can be used to study how the variables associated with a meniscal replacement affect tibio-femoral contact, the goals of this study were 1) to develop a geometrically accurate three-dimensional solid model of the knee joint with special attention given to the menisci and articular cartilage, 2) to determine to what extent bony deformations affect contact behavior, and 3) to determine whether constraining rotations other than flexion/extension affects the contact behavior of the joint during compressive loading. The model included both the cortical and trabecular bone of the femur and tibia, articular cartilage of the femoral condyles and tibial plateau, both the medial and lateral menisci with their horn attachments, the transverse ligament, the anterior cruciate ligament, and the medial collateral ligament. The solid models for the menisci and articular cartilage were created from surface scans provided by a noncontacting, laser-based, three-dimensional coordinate digitizing system with an root mean squared error (RMSE) of less than 8 microns. Solid models of both the tibia and femur were created from CT images, except for the most proximal surface of the tibia and most distal surface of the femur which were created with the three-dimensional coordinate digitizing system. The constitutive relation of the menisci treated the tissue as transversely isotropic and linearly elastic. Under the application of an 800 N compressive load at 0 degrees of flexion, six contact variables in each compartment (i.e., medial and lateral) were computed including maximum pressure, mean pressure, contact area, total contact force, and coordinates of the center of pressure. Convergence of the finite element solution was studied using three mesh sizes ranging from an average element size of 5 mm by 5 mm to 1 mm by 1 mm. The solution was considered converged for an average element size of 2 mm by 2 mm. Using this mesh size, finite element solutions for rigid versus deformable bones indicated that none of the contact variables changed by more than 2% when the femur and tibia were treated as rigid. However, differences in contact variables as large as 19% occurred when rotations other than flexion/extension were constrained. The largest difference was in the maximum pressure. Among the principal conclusions of the study are that accurate finite element solutions of tibio-femoral contact behavior can be obtained by treating the bones as rigid. However, unrealistic constraints on rotations other than flexion/extension can result in relatively large errors in contact variables.

scholarly journals Numerical Network Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer through Capillary-Porous Building Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Borys Basok ◽  
Borys Davydenko ◽  
Anatoliy M. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The article presents the modeling of the dynamics of the vapor-gas mixture and heat and mass transfer (sorption-desorption) in the capillary structure of the porous medium. This approach is underpinned by the fact that the porous structure is represented by a system of linear microchannels oriented along the axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system. The equivalent diameter of these channels corresponds to the average pore diameter, and the ratio of the total pore volume to the volume of the entire porous material corresponds to its porosity. The entire channel area is modeled by a set of cubic elements with a certain humidity, moisture content, pressure and temperature. A simulation is carried out taking into account the difference in temperatures of each of the phases: solid, liquid and gas.

Was India Right in Not Joining RCEP? A Cost–Benefit Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842110477
Author(s):  
Monika Jain
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

India dropped out of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which included the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, China, South Korea, New Zealand, Japan and Australia, after negotiating for almost seven years in November 2018 on the grounds of national interest and also that free trade agreements (FTAs) did not amount to free trade and led to more trade diversion than trade creation. The cost and benefit of a regional agreement depend on the amount of trade creation with respect to trade diversion (Panagriya, 2000). This study tries to examine India’s concerns and at the same time, highlights the cost of not joining RCEP. India’s trade deficit with 11 out of the 15 RCEP nations has been a major cause of concern. Unfavourable trade balance, concerns about the impact on dairy sector, economic slowdown, past experience with FTA’s, China factor, data localisation, rules of origin, the experience of ASEAN countries with Sino-FTA have been some of the reasons behind India’s decision to opt-out of this mega multilateral agreement. Also, bilateral trade agreements with some RCEP countries such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and South Korea were operational. A multilateral trade agreement with ASEAN countries was very much in place. So, trade between India and 12 of the RCEP member countries would not have changed much after India’s inclusion in RCEP. The impact of lower tariffs would have been evident for the remaining three countries: China, Australia and New Zealand. Furthermore, there was fear of a massive surge in imports of manufactures from China, dairy imports from Australia and New Zealand. This study also examines the long term impact of this decision and if India has missed out on becoming a part of the global value chain and gaining greater market access in the Asia Pacific region. India’s policy of import substitution and protectionism did not capitulate desired results in the past. Hence, a critical evaluation of India’s decision and some validation on her concerns and fears have been done.

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