The Neglected Sunnah

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Rosalind W. Gwynne
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Do So

The present article is a contribution to the continuing discussion ofsunnah. I hope to show the scholar who deals with texts referring tosunnah that he or she is not, when interpreting a text containing the word,confined to a choice between the sunnah of the Prophet, local sunnah,and the sunnah of the Companions and the early community. It is quitepossible that the sunnah referred to is the sunnah mentioned in theQur'an, namely, the sunnah of God.We must remember certain characteristics of Sunnah. a) it is setintentionally by one having the authority to do so-the imam; b) it ismeant to be imitated and not changed, and c) the imam who sets thesunnah shares responsibility for the deeds of thcse who imitate him.What seems to be missing from most discussions of sunnah is the factthat it is a Qur'anic notion as well. Joseph Schacht, for example, quotesno Qur'anic occurrences, not even in his 1963 article that asserts that thesunnah of the Prophet was precisely to follow the Qur'an. Bravmann'scitation of Q 8:38 at the end of his discussion of the phrase madat sunnatal awwalin is the only Qur7anic instance of the word that he cites in hisown voice; the othem are in quotations from al Shafi'i, Ibn Hisham, andal Baydawi. Apparently neither Mustafa al Siba'i nor Muhammad alKhatib’ refer to the sunnah of God.The sunnah that God sets for Himself is certainly authoritative, unchanging,and meant to be imitated. But it is more important to note thatGod’s sunnah is also what God Himself does, what He has prescribed forHimself. Human beings know that God will inevitably do a certain thingbecause He has always done the same thing in the past. These are universaland unchanging rules and, as such, can form the basis for logicalarguments. The branch of modem legal logic called rule-based reasoningholds that such reasoning is prior to all other forms, since no communicationusing the word in the concrete and not the metaphoricalsense can even take place until the interlocutors agree on certain rules,such as the rules of language ...

scholarly journals A vueltas con la recuperación del leonés = Rethinking the recovery of Leonese

2020 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Christian Fernández Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p class="Pa8">El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis sucinto sobre la trayectoria de la recuperación moderna del leonés, así como contribuir al campo de la sociolingüística a través de una valoración sobre las ideologías lingüísticas de las asociaciones involucradas en su protección, activas en la actualidad o en el pasado. Para ello, analizaremos las ideas y discursos que apoyan o refutan posturas hegemónicas y contrahegemónicas dentro del proceso de recuperación lingüística utilizando la teoría del sociolingüista gallego José del Valle mediante la contraposición que es­tablece entre las culturas de la monoglosia y de la heteroglosia, lo cual supone una novedad para entender el marco conceptual de la realidad lingüística leonesa dentro de esta disciplina.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="Pa8">The present article intends to elaborate on the history of the modern recovery of Leonese as well as contributing to the field of sociolinguistics through an analysis of the linguistic ideologies of the associations –cur­rently active or in the past– involved in its protection. To do so, after reviewing the style and language attitudes of the first writers in Leonese of the 20th century, we will focus on the ideas and rhetoric of associations that support or reject hegemonic or counterhegemonic stances within the process of language recovery using the theory of CUNY sociolinguist José del Valle, who establishes an opposition between the culture of monoglos­sia and the culture of heteroglossia. This new approach aims to provide a conceptual framework to understand the Leonese language situation within the field of sociolinguistics.<em> </em></p>

Nationalism and Its Digital Modes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Emergent Property ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Benedict Anderson ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Do So

Chapter 2 discusses nations and nationalism in the digital age. It reviews how scholars have made sense of nationalism in the past, and it argues that the most useful way to view nations and nationalism is as modern technologies. It makes the case, as scholars like Benedict Anderson and Michael Billig have done before, that human beings ‘imagine’ nations, and that they do so largely through communication practices. To understand these communication practices, the chapter proposes that we view social groups as networked communities. It lays out an original theory of nations and nationalism, and it goes on to discuss nationalism in the Chinese context. The chapter concludes by making the case that a diverse range of actors ‘programme’ the networks of national communities through discursive practices in order to shift what the nation means. Nationalism, then, becomes an emergent property of these networked activities.

scholarly journals Systematization and the Model of Political Management in Contemporary Iranian Thinker’s Idea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Aref Barkhordari
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
Descriptive Method

The present article, with its analytical-descriptive method, will consideration the thought of the most prominent systematization thinkers of Iran in the contemporary era. Examining the opinions of some thinkers throughout history, it will be shown that some of them have always sought political systematization and a model of political management for the societies. Their goal and aspiration from the past to the present was achieve the societies and human beings to the happiness. The efforts of thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Farabi, Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Moore, Will Durant, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Popper, Russell, etc., indicate this situation. Among Iranian thinkers of the contemporary era also many efforts were made to achive the political systematization and the model of political management. Akhundzadeh, Malek Khan, Talibuv Tabrizi, Ayatollah Mirza Naeini, Ahmad Kasravi, Mohammad Ali Foroughi and Ayatollah Khomeini are among the thinkers who have theorized in this field and each of them has provided a model of political management for Iranian society. In the following, their thoughts will be investigated.

scholarly journals Human Rights and Violence Against Women: Campo Algodonero Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandara Oliveira de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Do So

Abstract: The present article seeks to analyze human rights from a gender perspective. To do so, it goes back to the past to explain the development of the society of rights and women's rights. The analysis starts from the premise that human rights are social products and therefore will reflect and represent the values and interests of the society that produced them, in this case, capitalist society. One of the values of this society is patriarchy and the idea of the superiority of men as a social actor in relation to women. This value is represented in human rights that nevertheless have universality as one of its characteristics: the idea that all people are subjects of such rights independently of any identities. Therefore, the legal text in which human rights were coined affirms an equality that does not exist in practice, since women are violated and their rights are violated every day, in addition to the gender inequality present throughout the world. As an example and materialization of this reality, the Campo Algodonero Case, introduced to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, appears as the first case of the Court to mention femicide, showing the vulnerability of women’s life and integrity.

John the Theologian and his Paschal Gospel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Behr
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Michel Henry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So ◽  
And Task

This is an inter-disciplinary work, bringing together historical scholarship (regarding the earliest readers of the Gospel of John), contemporary scriptural scholarship on John, and philosophy, specifically Michel Henry, a French Phenomenologist and another reader of John, to explore how the Incarnation relates to the Passion of Christ, and how we understand and speak of revelation, that is, the relationship between scriptural exegesis and theological discourse. In particular, the work shows how ‘incarnation’ is not an event now in the past, but rather the continuing embodiment of God in those who follow Christ in the present. Those who do so, moreover, are born into life as human beings, giving their assent to the project of God initiated in the opening verses of Scripture, ‘Let us make a human being in our image’. The intimate connection between theology and anthropology, centered in Christology, as this work demonstrates, illumines the nature and task of theology itself, bringing together the various disciplines drawn upon in this study.

scholarly journals On prerequisites for developing artistic time theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Natalia Eevgenyevna Marievskaja
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Linear Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structural Principle ◽  
Process Pattern ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Time Theory

Basic prerequisites for developing artistic time theory have been considered in the present article in reference to Aurelius Augustine time interpretation, P. Florenskys doctrine of time within time procedural construction aspect, and Ilya Prigozhins processes formation. Film is a sequence of segments having quite different temporal features depending on a certain structural principle. Anyhow all the segments in question predominate the current present. The differences in duration exist in human beings soul. Their multi-layered features were proved by Aurelius Augustine. He differentiated present of the current, i.e., contemplation; current of the coming - expectation; current of the past - reminiscence. Structural principle realization of current segments, linking as a whole, is found in P. Florenskys works. It was he who stated scientific realizing of artistic time (as procedural construction). Formation processes on non-linear dynamics were particularly considered in Ilya Prigozhins works. Realizing story as a dynamic process pattern, the process of one realitys being by another reality, ushers in the possibilities for film artistic time theory. For the aim of film artistic study it is reasonable to engage priorities considered as: 1. Investigation of this very principle. 2. Investigation of perfect feature for intra-frame time. Artistic time realizing is the corner-stone for film product shaping.

scholarly journals At ændre nutiden gennem fortiden – mundtlig historiefortælling i Danmark

Kulturstudier ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Lene Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

<p>Mange i dag t&aelig;nker umiddelbart, at mundtlig fort&aelig;lling af traditionelle sagn og eventyr mest h&oslash;rer fortiden til. Men inden for de sidste &aring;rtier er der opst&aring;et en ny interesse for mundtlig historiefort&aelig;lling i Danmark. De nye fort&aelig;llere beretter traditionelle sagn og eventyr, men ogs&aring; historier de selv har oplevet eller fundet p&aring;, eller historier fra sk&oslash;nlitter&aelig;re v&aelig;rker. Man f&aring;r indtryk af, at historiefort&aelig;lling stadig har en forbindelse til fortiden. De st&oslash;rste fort&aelig;llefestivaler finder sted i historiske omgivelser p&aring; museer, og nutidens historiefort&aelig;llere henviser ofte til fort&aelig;lletraditionens lange historie, n&aring;r de taler og skriver om historiefort&aelig;lling.Hidtil har den nye interesse for historiefort&aelig;lling ikke v&aelig;ret genstand for forskning, men artiklen freml&aelig;gger et studie af historiefort&aelig;lleres syn p&aring; fort&aelig;lling og fortid. Fokus er, hvilke betydninger begreberne nostalgi og autenticitet har for fort&aelig;llerne. Artiklen bygger prim&aelig;rt p&aring; interviews med historiefort&aelig;llere. Fort&aelig;llerne blev blandt andet bedt om at beskrive, hvordan de umiddelbart forestillede sig, at historiefort&aelig;lling fandt sted i fortiden. Det er et positivt billede af fortiden, der toner frem, og fort&aelig;llerne bruger billederne af fortiden som afs&aelig;t til at kritisere tr&aelig;k af den moderne levem&aring;de. De kritiserer medierne og de elektriske apparater for at g&oslash;re mennesker passive og &oslash;del&aelig;gge deres n&aelig;rv&aelig;r med andre levende mennesker. Ved at genoptage - hvad fort&aelig;llerne opfatter som - en &aelig;ldgammel og udd&oslash;d tradition, &oslash;nsker de at skabe nogle oplevelser, som det moderne menneske savner i vore dages samfund. For fort&aelig;llerne danner fortiden et idealiseret modbillede til nutiden og rummer dermed mulighed for, at fort&aelig;llerne kan tale om deres idealer og h&aring;b for historiefort&aelig;lling.</p><p>Changing the Present through the Past - Oral Story-Telling in Denmark</p><p>Today, many people spontaneously think that oral transmission of traditional legends and fairy tales are a thing of the past. But in the last few decades a new interest has arisen in Denmark in oral story-telling. The new story-tellers relatetraditional legends and fairy tales, but also adventures that they themselves have experienced or invented, or stories from works of fiction. One has the impressionthat story-telling still has a link to the past. The major story-telling festivalstake place in historical surroundings in museums, and present-day story-tellers frequently point to the long history of the story-telling tradition when they speakor write about story-telling.So far, the new interest in story-telling has not been a subject for research, but the present article presents a study of the view of the story-tellers on story-telling and the past. Focus is on which meanings the concepts of nostalgia and authenticityhave for the story-tellers.The article is primarily based on interviews with story-tellers. They were interalia asked to describe how they would spontaneously imagine that story-telling took place in the past. It is a positive picture of the past that emerges, and the story-tellers use images of the past as a platform from which to criticize modernways of life. They criticize the media and electronic gadgets for making people passive and spoiling their being together with other living human beings. By reviving - what the storytellers see as - an ancient and extinct tradition, they wish to create experiences that modern man misses in present-day society. For the story-tellers, the past presents an idealized contrast to the present and thus contains a possibility for the story-tellers to expand about their ideals and hopes for story-telling.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals RUANG KOMUNITAS SENIOR: HORIZON

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Monique Priscilla ◽  
Petrus Rudi Kasimun
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Do So

Globally, elderly population keeps increasing in numbers. Since 2015, Asian countries including Indonesia began entering ageing population. Humankind predicted to live longer. Nonetheless, they are mortal. Humankind is called Dasein (being in the world). The world is a concept, relationship between ourselves and objects or other human beings. Basically Dasein is actively involved with everyday objects. The essence of Dasein is it's active interpreting (constantly something to be settled) seeing as Dasein cannot be considered a finished whole, Dasein always looking for identity. Dasein’s being as a whole can only be disclosed by Dasein being dead, for they no longer exist in the world. According to 2005 Stanford research, the majority of elderly prefer contributing to society, and 30% proven to do so. The latest stage of man emotional development experienced by elderly, individually older than the age 60. Interacting with the younger generation would result in greater contentment and benefits each other. By providing a space to encounter other people with different ages, hopefully there will be exchange of experience, a legacy of life. Through the Horizon Senior Society, millennial generations can explore a dwelling story from the past to the present and the future.  Keywords:  Elderly; Death; Interaction; Dwelling. Abstrak Secara global, populasi lansia diprediksi terus mengalami peningkatan. Sejak tahun 2015 Benua Asia dan Indonesia memasuki era penduduk menua. Diprediksi manusia akan hidup lebih lama lagi. Manusia disebut sebagai Dasein (Ada-di-sana), yakni Ada-dalam-dunia (being-in-the-world). Dunia merupakan konsep dimensi hubungan antar diri sendiri dengan benda atau manusia lain. Dasein pada dasarnya terlibat secara aktif dengan objek keseharian. Esensi Dasein adalah suatu 'kebeluman terus menerus' karena ia tidak pernah mencapai keseluruhannya, selalu mewujudkan dan mencari jati diri. Manusia mencapai totalitasnya dalam kematian, karena manusia/dasein berhenti sebagai berada-di-dalam-dunia. Menurut riset Stanford tahun 2005, mayoritas lansia memilih untuk berkontribusi terhadap masyarakat, dan terbukti 30% sudah menjalaninya. Tahap akhir pengembangan emosi manusia dirasakan pada lansia umur 60 tahun ke atas. Berinteraksi dengan generasi muda akan memberi dampak rasa kepuasan yang lebih besar dan saling menguntungkan. Dengan memberikan wadah sebagai titik temu antar generasi, diharapkan terjadi sebuah transfer pengalaman akan legacy kehidupan. Melalui Horizon Senior Society, generasi milenial dapat menggali sebuah cerita dwelling masa lalu, ke masa kini dan masa depan.

Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explores the articulations that have emerged over the last half century between various types of holism, Chinese medicine and systems biology. Given the discipline’s historical attachments to a definition of ‘medicine’ that rather narrowly refers to biomedicine as developed in Europe and the US from the eighteenth century onwards, the medical humanities are not the most obvious starting point for such an inquiry. At the same time, they do offer one advantage over neighbouring disciplines like medical history, anthropology or science and technology studies for someone like myself, a clinician as well as a historian and anthropologist: their strong commitment to the objective of facilitating better medical practice. This promise furthermore links to the wider project of critique, which, in Max Horkheimer’s definition of the term, aims at change and emancipation in order ‘to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them’. If we take the critical medical humanities as explicitly affirming this shared objective and responsibility, extending the discipline’s traditional gaze is not a burden but becomes, in fact, an obligation.

Adaptations of Time Travel Narratives in Japanese Multimedia: Nurturing Eudaimonia across Time and Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
The Future ◽  
Live Action

To displace a character in time is to depict a character who becomes acutely conscious of his or her status as other, as she or he strives to comprehend and interact with a culture whose mentality is both familiar and different in obvious and subtle ways. Two main types of time travel pose a philosophical distinction between visiting the past with knowledge of the future and trying to inhabit the future with past cultural knowledge, but in either case the unpredictable impact a time traveller may have on another society is always a prominent theme. At the core of Japanese time travel narratives is a contrast between self-interested and eudaimonic life styles as these are reflected by the time traveller's activities. Eudaimonia is a ‘flourishing life’, a life focused on what is valuable for human beings and the grounding of that value in altruistic concern for others. In a study of multimodal narratives belonging to two sets – adaptations of Tsutsui Yasutaka's young adult novella The Girl Who Leapt Through Time and Yamazaki Mari's manga series Thermae Romae – this article examines how time travel narratives in anime and live action film affirm that eudaimonic living is always a core value to be nurtured.

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