scholarly journals RITUALS AND BELIEFS OF UDMURT-KALMEZ IN UNINSKY DISTRICT OF THE KIROV OBLAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-504
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Ivanovna Shutova
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Kirov Oblast ◽  
Cultural Infrastructure ◽  
The Right

The article is based on the materials of the ethnographic expedition conducted in the year 2002 among the Udmurt- Kalmez in Uni district of Kirov oblast which is located in the upper reaches of the Loban’ River, the right tributary of the Kilmez River. The paper provides information on demographic indicators, the area settled by the Udmurt- Kalmez , and about the dialect terms used by this local Udmurt group. The differences between the Udmurts-Kalmez and the Udmurts- Vatka are traced. The description of family and calendar rites is given focusing on settlements like the villages of Magi, Udmurt Porez, Malye Uni, Pazjal, Kljuchi, Malyj Polom, and others. Information is provided about the traditional public shrine of Tod’y oshmes (‘white / light spring’) of the Udmurts- Kalmez which acted under the influence of Orthodoxy as a sacred place for the local Udmurt and Russian people. These materials are connected to the processes of russification among the local Udmurts, the erosion of their language and culture due to the influence of the Russian population, the outflow of villagers to the urban areas, and the change in social and cultural infrastructure in the rural areas.

scholarly journals Research on the accessibility to health and educational services in the rural areas in Extremadura

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Nieto Masot ◽  
Gema Cárdenas Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Network Analyst ◽  
The Right

Abstract As the competent laws on Health and Education of the Extremaduran Government read, all the Extremaduran people have the right to their benefits, irrespective of their social, economic and cultural characteristics. Nevertheless, in the Region of Extremadura there are still differences between the rural and urban areas, so, studying how the Extremaduran people can access, with the same conditions, to those services considered basic, such as health and education, is very significant. Using techniques as Network Analyst and the interpolation method IDW, we can note that in Extremadura there are still zones with a very-far- from- laws reality, rural areas with a difficult access to the named services and equipment due to the location on low developed in population and economy areas, and very far from the main communication roads

scholarly journals Escolarização básica no Brasil: evoluções, permanências e contrastes entre a população rural e urbana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Damiana de Matos Costa Franca
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Right

The text presents, through statistical data, a reflection on the situation of basic schooling of the population residing in the countryside, vis-à-vis the population residing in the urban area, in order to understand advances and permanence of the conditions of the educational offer and its effects in the distance and in the approximation of the guarantee of social justice and the right to schooling. The methodological process involved content analysis and the construction of quantitative data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). For the study, these categories were selected: number of countryside schools, years of study and schooling access by location (rural/urban). The data express an inequality situation in the schooling indicators of rural areas and the Brazilian North and Northeast regions. Despite the advances, the inequalities in the Brazilian educational system are significant and strongly evidenced in the contrast between rural and urban areas. The persistence of unfavorable situations increases the inequality condition of the rural population.

scholarly journals Directions and tendencies of migration of the population into urban areas of the republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
Vol XXII (2021) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Tanja Mišlicki Tomić ◽  
Vesna Rajcevic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

This paper covers internal migrations in the Republic of Srpska, in the period 2007-2015 and their impact to urban and peri-urban development of urban areas of the Republic. Migration directions show a continuity of permanent abandonment of rural areas and settlement of urban and peri-urban areas of the Republic, also including the migrations (immigration) from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The scope of migrations has the trend of decrease as result of decrease in the rural population of the Republic of Srpska and its aging. Urban centres of the northern part of the Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka, Doboj, Bijeljina, Prijedor and Gradiška) have the largest scope of immigration, due to a number of attractive factors. In the southern part of the Republic, in the sub-Mediterranean area, the City of Trebinje is the main immigration area for the population of eastern Herzegovina, but also, more and more, for the population of the rest of the Republic of Srpska, as well for the wider regional environment. Spatial scope of research consists of eight cities in the Republic of Srpska, which defined the status of the city in the period from 1995 to 2019. Those cities are: Banjaluka, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Gradiška, Doboj, Istočno Sarajevo, Zvornik and Trebinje. The specificities in the territorial organization of the Republic of Srpska are the result of complex socio-political processes and the formation of the entity line of demarcation in post-war period (1992-1995), between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. Given the physiognomy of space and developmental processes, the Republic of Srpska has complex settlement function. In four urban areas, Istočno Sarajevo, Doboj, Zvornik and Trebinje, the settlements are divided by the entity line, which caused the migrations. In 2014, population migration was also affected by administrative separation of the municipality of Stanari from the Doboj city area. Due to the above mentioned, compared to other cities of the Republic, Doboj has the highest negative values of the migration balance in the observed period (2007-2016). Statistical data from the Federal Bureau of Statistics of BiH and the Republic Institute of the Republic of Srpska were used in research related to migrations, as well as other relevant statistical material produced in the period from 1991 to 2016. The key demographic indicators, internal migrations, immigration and emigration and migration balance were taken into consideration. In order to compare the research areas, data were prepared on the basis of demographic indicators. Conclusions on spatial integration of migration, as well as its direction, have been drawn based on internal migration, spatial distribution of population and change in number of inhabitants in urban and suburban settlements.

Constructing composite indices

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 58-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Refaat ◽  
Ali Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct, for the first time, composite index for Egypt that measures the economic and social rights fulfillment (ESRF) based on socioeconomic surveys at the household/individual levels. Design/methodology/approach The paper highlights some of the statistical debatable issues about composite indices and focuses mainly on six of them. Those issues are indicators selection, handling missing data, identification of and dealing with outliers, scale of measurement, computing the margin of error, weights assigned for indicators and domains and aggregation method. Handling these problematic issues gave rise to a rigorous index. Findings The quality of economic and social rights fulfillment index (ESRFI) is judged by its bootstrap standard error. Based on these margin of errors, confidence intervals can be computed and rigorous comparisons across all disaggregation levels of the ESRFI can be made. The results shows that the overall index is accurate and representative in measuring the ESRF in Egypt. Comparisons between rural and urban regions indices show that the rural areas are always worse than the urban areas in all levels of dimensions, especially for the Right to Education and Adequate Housing. Research limitations/implications The ESRFI is not very current because it is based on the 2010 Egyptian Household Conditions Observatory Survey (EHCOS), which is the latest published version of the survey with complete variables for the index data. When the next EHCOS becomes available, an updated ESRFI can be easily and quickly constructed. Practical implications The ESRFI could strengthen policy formulation that takes into account ESRF, especially by highlighting the situation in different regions and disaggregation levels. Social implications The proposed ESRFI would strengthen policy formulation that takes into account ESRF, especially by highlighting the situation in different regions and different disaggregation levels. Originality/value The paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing and handling of the six problematic issues that arise when constructing composite indices. The paper presents the first ESRFI for Egypt and demonstrates the rigor of its construction.

scholarly journals HUERTOS FAMILIARES: UN CAMINO HACIA LA SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Eréndira Juanita Cano Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gain Access

Los huertos familiares, como sistemas productivos tradicionales, representan uno de los espacios más importantes en la transmisión y generación de conocimientos. La soberanía alimentaria propone el ejercicio político de la autodeterminación y autoabastecimiento de productos alimenticios sanos para las personas y el ambiente; abarca la libertad de colectivos, familias e individuos para elegir sus alimentos y las formas de producirlos e intercambiarlos, además de que legitimiza el derecho al acceso a alimentos sanos y a la no utilización de políticas neoliberales especulativas con éstos. En el presente escrito se presentan las características generales de los huertos familiares propuestas desde la academia en América Latina y se ofrece una reflexión acerca de cómo estas características pueden representar un camino para la soberanía alimentaria tanto en entornos rurales como en medios urbanos y suburbanos. HOME GARDENS: A PATH WAY TOWARDS FOOD SOVEREIGNTY Home gardens, as traditional systems of production, represent one of the most important areas through which knowledge is generated and transmitted. Food sovereignty proposes the political exercise of self-determination and self-supply of produce that is healthy both for people and the environment. It comprises the freedom that collectives, families and individuals have to choose the food they eat and the way to produce and exchange it. Besides, it legitimizes the right to gain access to healthy food and to reject speculation-based neoliberal policies in this field. The reflection in this article is geared to review how the general characteristics of home gardens proposed by Latin America academics may represent a pathway toward food sovereignty in both rural areas and urban and sub-urban areas.

scholarly journals Effects of varying sampling effort on the observed diversity of carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in the Danglobe Project, Denmark

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sapia ◽  
Gábor Lövei ◽  
Zoltán Elek
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Index Family

Diversity relations among three stages of an urbanisation gradient were studied, using the Rényi scalable diversity index family and the Right Tail Sum (RTS) diversity. The rural areas were less diverse than either the urban or the suburban ones. The urban areas were more diverse considering the dominant species, while the suburban areas were more diverse considering the rare species. Next, we examined the impact of different sampling regimes on these diversity relations. A pulsating sampling method (sampling for 2 weeks every month) gave the same diversity ordering as continuous sampling. Further reduction in sampling period altered the diversity relations.

scholarly journals Examining Work Re-Entry Decisions for Single Mothers through Bourdieu’s Capital Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ida Fatimawati Adi Badiozaman ◽  
Mung Ling Voon ◽  
Naomi Birdthistle
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
Entry Decisions

This paper presents the qualitative results of a larger mixed-methods study on how barriers to, and determinants of, the labour market shape re-entry decisions and the role of economic/cultural/social determinants in influencing employment re-entry decisions for single mothers residing in urban Sarawak. Through the lens of Bourdieu’s capital theory, the study examined the decision-making process of single mothers and provided nuanced insights into the factors that enable or impede access to necessary resources for re-entry to work. Data were collected from in-depth semistructured interviews with 26 single mothers in urban Sarawak. The findings revealed that cultural (education), economic (finance), and social (family)capitals were both enabling and impeding factors and were inextricably linked in shaping employment re-entry decisions. Low volumes of these capitals perpetuated the poverty cycle for a majority of these single mothers. The findings reinforced the complexity of integrating single mothers, who have low incomes and low education levels, into employment. Nevertheless, poverty among single mothers and their children can be substantially limited through the right mix of social, education and labour market policies. The study highlights the challenges facing single mothers in urban areas in developing countries, which are quite different from rural areas or developed countries.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

A Study Of Expansion Of The Fmcg Market Across Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Dr. Udayagiri Raghunath ◽  
Dr. V.Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Tv Media ◽  
Rural Clients ◽  
Tv Watching

The corporate companies dealing with FMCG products have started focusing on rural markets as the urban markets have become saturated and highly competitive. Capturing the rural markets brings forth a whole new set of challenges as it is laborious to break in. This market presents the companies with gamut challenges on a new dimension which demand entirely different strategies as compared to the ones used in urban areas. Studying the rural markets for rural markets has become crucial more than ever. It is an objective learning, psychiatry of dispersion, impact of the FMCG in rural areas. This research uses diverse utensils, procedure toward analyze composed records. Several of the features used in analyzing the data are the consumer characteristics like educational qualifications, professions they are in, and the income levels. The role of TV media advertising is also analyzed. Many deals and promotions advertised on TV are investigated. The scope of authority wield by publicity happening customer choice production has looked into. The different levels of media exposure and preferable TV watching times and their favorite programs considered while analyzing the data. The spending prototype of rural clients on FMCG is examined and further categorized based on their income levels, educational qualifications, and legal awareness of consumer act. All the analyzed data, results, and suggestions presented in the visual formats.

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