scholarly journals PRESCHOOL CAMPAIGN AS AN ELEMENT OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGN OF THE LATE 1920S - EARLY 1930S: BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE KOMI-ZYRYAN AUTONOMOUS OBLAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Petr Pavlovich Kotov ◽  
Tatyana Aleksandrovna Martynchuk
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
School Education ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Public Preschool ◽  
Soviet Russia

The paper discusses the features of the phenomenon of "Preschool campaign" as part of the cultural revolution in Soviet Russia. General trends in the development of preschool education in Soviet Russia are described. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of the "Preschool campaign" in the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous oblast. The problems of formation and development of the preschool system, their financing, material resources forming, training, organization of food, medical care and improving the methodology of working with preschoolers are analyzed. The authors point to ways to attract the population to the problems of public preschool education. It was revealed that the implementation of the "Preschool campaign" was accompanied by measures to promote a new, Marxist-Leninist ideology. The ideological component has become a mandatory component of all measures to expand the system of pre-school institutions and develop methods of pre-school education. The researchers believe that the implementation of the "Preschool campaign" in the Komi autonomy, even if various shortcomings were identified, contributed to large-scale changes in the system of upbringing of young children, and the activation of women workers in the social and production life of the region. It was identified that pioneer, Komsomol, Trade Union and party organizations played an important role in conducting the "Preschool campaign". The authors note the development of methods of working with preschoolers as a positive phenomenon. The improvement of methodological assistance consisted not only in practical assistance to teachers, but also in showing the best experience through the press. It is shown that in order to overcome the shortage of professional staff for preschool institutions in the Komi region, they went beyond the existing short-term pedagogical courses and sometimes attracted casual workers. In 1931, a pre-school Department of the Syktyvkar Pedagogical College was opened. During the "Preschool campaign" in the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous oblast, it was possible not only to open a significant number of new pre-school institutions, to diversify the measures of pre-school education in towns and rural areas, but also to force population to reconsider it views on raising children.

scholarly journals Research of functioning of rural preschool institutions of Ukraine in the period from 1945 to 1963

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Melenets
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Preschool ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Pedagogical Research

It is necessary to study the peculiarities of the functioning of preschool institutions in rural areas of Ukraine in the past. This gives an opportunity to see certain patterns and conventions, to identify positive experiences that were once rejected or forgotten, the opportunity to reveal how contemporaries, responded to such problems, what was the pedagogical argument and its implementation in practice. The historical facts of the organization of public preschool education in the Ukrainian village, which has its own rather complex, contradictory phenomena and processes, are generalized. The focus is on the periodization of the development of preschool institutions in the countryside of Ukraine in the chronological framework of 1945–1991. There are three periods of formation and development of rural preschools: I period (1945–1963) – the revival and formation of preschools in rural areas, II period (1963–1984) – the implementation of preschool education in rural preschools, III period (1984–1991) – renewal of the educational space of preschool institutions in rural areas. The subjective factor of the process of development of rural preschool institutions in Ukraine during the І period of the revival and formation of preschool institutions in rural areas is revealed (1945-1963). Prospects for further historical and pedagogical research in revealing the problem of implementing preschool education and updating the educational space in rural preschools of Ukraine are outlined

scholarly journals A pré-escola e o direito à educação: aportes para um debate

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (67) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Gil Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
School Education ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education Legislation ◽  
The North ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Right

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é refletir, com base em números do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), sobre o processo de oferta da educação pré-escolar no período de 2003 a 2014, tendo em vista o conjunto de leis que determina a sua universalização obrigatória dessa etapa até o fim de 2016. Assim, ainda que o avanço nesse atendimento tenha sido expressivo, constatou-se um déficit de cobertura superior a 600 mil crianças de 4 e 5 anos. Os mais excluídos são os sujeitos provenientes do estrato dos 25% mais pobres da população, de raça/cor preta e residentes em áreas rurais, sobretudo nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Não foi percebido maior impacto nem com a adoção de novos parâmetros para o financiamento educacional nem com a promulgação das leis que obrigam tal oferta universal, no sentido de alterar o ritmo progressivo das matrículas verificado, como também não se percebeu relação direta entre maior cobertura e melhores indicadores de qualidade.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave:</strong> Educação Pré-escolar; Direito à Educação; Legislação da Educação; Indicadores Educacionais.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>La preescuela y el derecho a la educación: aportes para un debate</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Resumen:</em></strong></p><p><em>El objetivo de este artículo es el de reflexionar, en base a números provenientes del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), sobre el proceso de oferta de la educación preescolar entre 2003 y 2014, teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de leyes que determina su universalización obligatoria hasta fines del 2016. Aunque el avance en dicha atención fue expresivo, se constató un déficit de cobertura superior a 600 mil niños entre 4 y 5 años. Los principales excluidos son los sujetos provenientes del estrato 25% más pobre de la población, de raza/color negro y residentes en las áreas rurales, sobre todo en las regiones Norte y Centro Oeste. No se detectó un gran impacto tanto con la adopción de nuevos parámetros para la financiación educacional como con la promulgación de las leyes que obligan tal oferta universal, en el sentido de alterar el ritmo progresivo de las matrículas que se verificó durante los años investigados, así como tampoco se percibió una relación directa entre mayor cobertura y mejores indicadores de calidad.</em></p><p><strong><em>Palabras clave:</em></strong><em> Educación Preescolar; Derecho a la Educación; Legislación de la Educación; Indicadores Educacionales.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong><em>Preschool and the right to education: contributions to a debate</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong></p><p><em>This article aims to reflect on the process of offering pre-school education from 2003 to 2014. It is based on figures from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and guided by the set of laws that determine the compulsory universalization of pre-school education by the end of 2016. Thus, even if the number of children attending school has been expressive, there is a deficit of more than 600,000 places for 4 and 5 year-old children. Most of the children excluded come from the poorest 25% stratum of the population, who are black and reside in rural areas, especially in the North and Midwest regions. No impact was detected in the change of the progressive pace of enrollment, neither with the adoption of new parameters for the educational funding nor with the legislation that establishes preschool education as universal and compulsory. Also, no direct relationship between more places and better quality indicators was detected.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Pre-school; Education; Right to Education; Education Legislation; Educational Indicators.</em></p>

Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisue Pickering ◽  
William R. Dopheide
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Large Scale Screening

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS, GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS SITUATED IN URBAN & RURAL AREAS OF HARYANA IN THE SECONDARY EXAMINATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA IN 2020.

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Balkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Education ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exam Result

The capability or calibre cannot be judged based on Results, as it depends on the student to student & also the examination is testing of knowledge of a student, for the whole year in two or three hours. In July 2020 the exam result of the secondary standard was declared by the Board of School Education Haryana, Bhiwani and there is a discussion about topper & the schools in which these toppers were studying & strategy of these toppers regarding exam preparation, their interviews & photos were published in the Newspapers, why not? It must be but in this spark light, there is some darkness behind this. Everyone is congratulating these students, as they are studied from the Private Schools of the Urban City areas of the Haryana, a few are from the most educated families, whose parents their selves are teachers or professors. Through this, we are ignoring a bitter truth of the poor students of the Government Schools, who despite lack of all the big & small facilities, as compare of these Private schools’ performed equal to these toppers. KEYWORDS: Testing of knowledge, Education in Private Schools, Toppers and Calibre.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of Novel Blade Profile for Savonius Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Tai-Lin Chang ◽  
Shun-Feng Tsai ◽  
Chun-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Blade Profile ◽  
Main Concept

Since the affirming of global warming, most wind energy projects have focused on the large-scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs). In recent years, the fast-growing wind energy sector and the demand for smarter grids have led to the use of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) for decentralized energy generation systems, both in urban and remote rural areas. The goals of this study are to improve the Savonius-type VAWT’s efficiency and oscillation. The main concept is to redesign a Novel Blade profile using the Taguchi Robust Design Method and the ANSYS-Fluent simulation package. The convex contour of the blade faces against the wind, creating sufficient lift force and minimizing drag force; the concave contour faces up to the wind, improving or maintaining the drag force. The result is that the Novel Blade improves blade performance by 65% over the Savonius type at the best angular position. In addition, it decreases the oscillation and noise accordingly. This study achieved its two goals.

The Economic Imperative: Cities Need Migrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110132
Author(s):  
Astha Agarwalla ◽  
Errol D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Industry Concentration ◽  
Wage Curve ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Local Labour

The policy responses to Covid-19 have triggered large-scale reverse migration from cities to rural areas in developing countries, exposing the vulnerability of migrants living precarious lives in cities, giving rise to debates asserting to migration as undesirable and favouring policy options to discourage the process. However, the very basis of spatial concentration and formation of cities is presence of agglomeration economies, benefits accruing to economic agents operating in cities. Presence of these agglomeration benefits in local labour markets manifests themselves in the form of an upward sloping wage curve in urban areas. We estimate the upward sloping wage curve for various size classes of cities in Indian economy and establish the presence of positive returns to occupation and industry concentration at urban locations. Controlling for worker-specific characteristics influencing wages, we establish that higher the share of an industry or an occupation in local employment as compared to national economy, the desirability of firms to pay higher wages increases. For casual labourers, occupational concentration results in higher wages. However, impact of industry concentration varies across sectors. Results supporting presence of upward sloping urban wage curve, therefore, endorse policies to correct the market failure in cities and promote migration as a desirable process. JEL Classification Codes: J2, R2

Even if politicians deal, Lebanon faces a bleak future

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Food Shortages

Significance The audit and wider structural economic reforms are preconditions for urgently needed foreign aid. Economic conditions in Lebanon are still worsening, with power cuts, food shortages and rising poverty. Impacts A new government would allow reform planning to resume and temporarily stall the decline of the currency. The easing of the global pandemic will somewhat reduce the financial strain, as Lebanon reopens its economy. Soaring poverty rates could provoke large-scale ‘bread riots’ in the coming months. Further devaluation of the currency will make poor Lebanese more dependent on sectarian protection and strengthen patronage. If the situation worsens, sectarian rural areas could revert to warlordism in the medium term.

scholarly journals Is global dimming and brightening in Japan limited to urban areas?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Tanaka ◽  
Atsumu Ohmura ◽  
Doris Folini ◽  
Martin Wild ◽  
Nozomu Ohkawara
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Decadal Time Scale ◽  
Global Dimming ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. Observations worldwide indicate secular trends of all-sky surface solar radiation on decadal time scale, termed global dimming and brightening. Accordingly, the observed surface radiation in Japan generally shows a strong decline till the end of the 1980s and then a recovery toward around 2000. Because a substantial number of measurement stations are located within or proximate to populated areas, one may speculate that the observed trends are strongly influenced by local air pollution and are thus not of large-scale significance. This hypothesis poses a serious question as to what regional extent the global dimming and brightening are significant: Are the global dimming and brightening truly global phenomena, or regional or even only local? Our study focused on 14 meteorological observatories that measured all-sky surface solar radiation, zenith transmittance, and maximum transmittance. On the basis of municipality population time series, historical land use maps, recent satellite images, and actual site visits, we concluded that eight stations had been significantly influenced by urbanization, with the remaining six stations being left pristine. Between the urban and rural areas, no marked differences were identified in the temporal trends of the aforementioned meteorological parameters. Our finding suggests that global dimming and brightening in Japan occurred on a large scale, independently of urbanization.

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