scholarly journals Innovative Biotechnology of Artificial Reproduction of Fish Populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.Е. Гарлов
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Critical Salinity

С целью повышения эффективности искусственного воспроизводства популяций ценных видов рыб разработаны новые методы управления их размножением, выживаемостью и ростом, которые представлены в виде изобретений. Для управления размножением производителей разработаны методы стимуляции и задержки полового созревания производителей осетровых и костистых рыб. Для стимуляции полового созревания были разработаны препараты изолированной передней и изолированной задней долей гипофиза. Их внедрение в осетроводстве позволило повысить степень их рыбоводного использования в среднем на 15% и достичь экономии гипофиза до 40%. Для задержки полового созревания производителей разработан метод их промышленного резервирования в среде критической солёности 4–8‰, причём как в морской воде, так и в растворах поваренной соли. Производственными испытаниями доказана возможность сохранения рыбоводного качества производителей и получения доброкачественного потомства в этой среде при верхних нерестовых температурах в течение производственно необходимых сроков. С целью заводского воспроизводства природных популяций промысловых рыб разработан метод управления их размножением триадой адекватных экологических факторов ‒ «критической» солёностью, температурой и освещённостью при видоспецифических пороговых воздействиях. На этой основе разработан полносистемный метод воспроизводства популяций ценных видов промысловых рыб (севрюги и Балтийского лосося), охватывающий все этапы заводской биотехники. Новый метод осуществляется путём массовой морской заготовки производителей, получения потомства в морских садках и, после заводского речного выращивания молоди до готовности к миграции, конечного доращивания в морских садках крупной жизнестойкой молоди. Для промышленного внедрения всей предложенной биотехники и круглогодичной аквакультуры разработаны системы водоснабжения рыбоводных заводов и рыбоводных хозяйств на основе внесезонного подземного гидрокондиционирования среды выращивания и на природно-промышленных принципах инженерной экологии. In order to increase the efficiency of artificial reproduction of populations of valuable fish species new methods for managing their reproduction, survival and growth have been developed, which are presented in the form of inventions. To control the reproduction of producers methods have been developed to stimulate and delay puberty of sturgeon and bony fish producers. To stimulate puberty preparations for the isolated anterior and isolated posterior lobes of the pituitary gland have been developed. Their introduction in sturgeon breeding made it possible to increase the degree of their fish farming use by an average of 15% and to achieve a pituitary gland economy of up to 40%. To delay the puberty of producers, a method for their industrial reservation in an environment of critical salinity of 4–8‰ has been developed both in sea water and in solutions of sodium chloride. Production tests have proven the possibility of preserving the fish-breeding quality of producers and obtaining benign offspring in this environment at the upper spawning temperatures during the production required periods of time. With the aim of factory reproduction of natural populations of commercial fish a method has been developed to control their reproduction by a triad of adequate ecological factors – “critical” salinity, temperature and illumination under species-specific threshold effects. On this basis a full-system method of reproducing populations of valuable species of commercial fish (stellate sturgeon and Baltic salmon) has been developed covering all stages of factory biotechnology. The new method is carried out by mass marine harvesting of producers obtaining offspring in sea pens and after the factory river rearing of hatchling until ready for migration the final rearing of large viable juveniles in sea pens. For the industrial introduction of all the proposed biotechnics and year-round aquaculture, water supply systems for fish breeding plants and fish farms were developed on the basis of off-season underground hydroconditioning of the growing environment and on the natural and industrial principles of engineering ecology.

Experimental works on factory reproduction of tench (Tinca tinca L.) in the Saratov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Viktor Maslyakov ◽  
Zinaida Legkodimova ◽  
Galina Sil’nikova ◽  
Vladimir Kiyashko ◽  
Yan Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Tench Tinca Tinca

Currently, the practice of artificial reproduction of tench in fish farms is extremely limited. This is based on the lack of effective methods of its factory reproduction. The purpose of our research was to develop biotechnical elements that optimize artificial reproduction of tench in the conditions of the Saratov region. The objects of research were producers of tench caught in the Volgograd reservoir by water nets. In total of 25 specimens were caught and pre-planted in trays tench producers, including 15 specimens females weighing from 750 to 1555 g and 10 specimens males — from 673 to 1055 g. Two schemes were used to stimulate puberty in female tench with the acetonated pituitary gland of the carp. The first group of females was injected with pituitary solution twice: a preliminary dose of 0.6 mg/kg; allowing — 6 mg/kg of body weight with an interval between injections of 12 hours. The second group of females was injected once with a pituitary dose of 15 mg/kg. The best indicators in the production of ovulated oocytes were shown by females who were injected twice, and in this group an additional second portion of a small amount of eggs was obtained. Male tench were injected once with a pituitary dose of 3 mg/kg. According to the time of injection, the males were divided into two groups: the first group was injected with the pituitary gland simultaneously with the pre — injection of the females; the second — at a resolution. The best results in terms of ejaculate volume were obtained in the first group (0.5–0.6 ml). From the second group of males, the volume of seminal fluid was 0.3–0.4 ml. Methods for the desticking of fertilized eggs using the proteolytic enzyme alkalase and tannin are investigated. The proteolytic enzyme showed a well-defined decongestant activity, but during the incubation of eggs, the shells of shell eggs burst and at the time of hatching single instances of larvae were observed. More stable results on hatching of larvae were obtained with the use of tannin, as a degumming substance.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional assessment of domesticated and aquacultured beluga females

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Aliya Akhmedzhanova ◽  
Sergey Ponomarev ◽  
Yulia Fedorovykh ◽  
Olga Levina ◽  
Evgeniy Dutikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Sturgeon Species ◽  
Repeated Use

In the early 80-ies of the last century, there was a sharp decline in the population of the Caspian beluga in Russia. Its fishing was prohibited, except for catching for reproduction and scientific purposes. In the practice of sturgeon breeding, the method of repeated use of sturgeon females and males by obtaining sexual products in vivo, as well as growing breeders in artificial conditions, has become widely put into practice. Against the background of an acute shortage of wild breeders of this sturgeon species, in recent years, the main way to form sturgeon broodstock in the conditions of the Lower Volga region is domestication. However, in recent years, the catches of wild beluga females in the fishing areas of the Lower Volga are estimated as single specimens. The article studies the fish-breeding, biological and physiological parameters of domesticated and aquaculture-bred beluga females. The reproductive function of domesticated and artificially raised beluga females is evaluated. Some proposals for the intensification and priority areas of artificial reproduction in order to replenish natural populations are presented.

scholarly journals REVISITING THE STATE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF STURGEONS IN THE VOLGA-CASPIAN BASIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelya Zakirovna Anokhina ◽  
Vyacheslav Fedorovich Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Caspian Basin ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Reproduction Efficiency

Under present conditions of depletion of natural resources and introduction of a moratorium for commercial sturgeon fishing there is a need to take urgent and radical steps in order to conserve the Caspian populations of these valuable species. Natural and artificial reproduction efficiency shall be improved in order to restore sturgeon population level in the Volga-Caspian basin. The analysis of the current state of natural sturgeon reproduction in the Volga river unregulated part has shown that due to a variety of reasons its efficiency has been minimized. The role and importance of artificial reproduction is increasing, yet in the last years its efficiency has been negated because of increasing deficiency of sturgeon sires in natural populations. Timely composition of productive stocks in the fish ponds of 6 Astrakhan region sturgeon breeding hatcheries allows to provide artificial reproduction fish-breeding operations with high quality spawns and milters within the conditions of their population’s decline in the natural habitats. The data on the quantity and the biomass of the sturgeon productive stocks at the Astrakhan sturgeon hatcheries prove that the prospects for developing artificial reproduction are possible only due to using stocks available at the hatcheries.

Growing commodity tilapia in various experimental conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
F. A. Altayeva
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Fish ◽  
Experimental Ponds

The article presents the results of growing tilapia to marketable weight in experimental sites (Chilikskoye pond pond farms LLP, KATU named after S. Seifullin JSC and Kapshagai spawning farm — 1973 LLP). In the process of carrying out research works, the methods generally accepted in fish farming, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, hydrology, ichthyology, as well as foreign normative and technical guidelines and methodological instructions on the technology of growing commercial tilapia in industrial conditions were used. Monitoring of hydrochemical analyses of water in ponds, swimming pools, and closed water supply installations is given. Fish-breeding and biological indicators of tilapia grown in various experimental conditions are presented. The results of the studies have shown the real possibility of growing tilapia in various conditions of fish farms in Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the work, the following conclusions were made: — satisfactory fish-breeding indicators were obtained with various cultivation technologies (as when growing tilapia in polyculture and monoculture in ponds, in pools, as well as cultivation in the recirculation system); — the cultivation of tilapia in the experimental ponds of the fish farm of the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan has shown the possibility of obtaining high fish-breeding biological indicators of tilapia and the ability to grow to marketable mass in a short time; — as a result of experimental cultivation in various conditions, it was found that the survival rate was not lower than 97%; — as a result of the analysis of the profitability indices of the developed technologies, it was found that the most profitable was the technology of growing marketable tilapia products in monoculture ponds on water with a natural thermal regime in Chilik Pond Economy LLP.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN BREEDING FISHING FARMS: ECOLOGICAL AND VETERINARY ADDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
A. M. Naumova ◽  
◽  
L. A. Rozumnaya ◽  
A. Yu. Naumova ◽  
L. S. Loginov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Significant Damage

The influence of ecological, epizootological and technological factors on fish health was studied. It is shown that disregard of environmental, technological and veterinary-sanitary requirements in the reproduction and cultivation of fish leads to the emergence of contagious and non-contagious diseases and causes significant damage to fish farming. The analysis of previously approved veterinary and sanitary rules, instructions, recommendations for breeding and commercial fish farms, as well as patent documentation and scientific publications in the field of ecological and veterinary research in fish farming is carried out. The possibility of using modern ecological and veterinary-sanitary achievements for the protection of fish health is shown. The complex system of preventive measures (organizational, environmental-technological and veterinary-sanitary), supplemented by modern ecological and veterinary achievements, in its implementation will allow to reduce losses of fish products and increase efficiency of production.

Comparative characteristics of the conditions for harvesting, transportation and spawning of pike perch in fish farms in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Nina Sergeevna Badryzlova
Keyword(s):  
State Enterprise ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pike Perch ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fish Tanks ◽  
White Clay

A description of biotechnical methods of harvesting pike perch in natural reservoirs, methods of catching pike perch spawners, keeping in adaptation cages and transporting pike perch from fishing sites to the farm is given. Pike perch breeders were caught from the reservoirs with fixed and floating nets during the period: in the Kapshagai reservoir from 10 to 20 April; in the Syrdarya river — from April 20 to May 5. The adaptation was carried out in cages located in the coastal zone. Transportation to the fish farm was carried out in live fish tanks with a volume of 1 and 3 m³ with water aeration. The reproduction of pike perch was carried out in two fish farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data on spawning of pike perch in two ways are given: in cages on nests; as well as the receipt of reproduction products by the factory method from “flowing” producers. In the first case, females and males were placed in cages in a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2; a spawning nest was installed in each cage and spawning was monitored. In the second case, from the “flowing” pike perch breeders ready for spawning, reproductive products (eggs and sperm) were obtained, fertilization and degluing were carried out with a suspension of white clay. The monitoring of hydrochemical indicators was constantly carried out, the dates of the beginning and end of spawning of pike perch were determined. The article presents the fish-breeding and biological characteristics of pike perch producers participating in spawning. The mass of spawned pike perch females in LLP “Halyk Balyk” ranged from 2 kg to 2.5 kg, males — 1.5–2.5 kg; females weighing 2.1–2.6 kg were used in the Republican State Enterprise “Kamyshly-Bashsky Fish Hatchery”; males — from 1.2 kg to 2.4 kg. Based on the results of the research, biotechnical standards were developed for the preparation of pike perch producers in water bodies, for transportation to fish farms, standards for spawning of pike perch in various ways.

scholarly journals Preventive and Prophylactic Measures in Intensive Salmonid Fish Breeding – a Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Palíková ◽  
Stanislav Navrátil ◽  
Lukáš Navrátil ◽  
Jan Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Aquaculture represents the fastest growing animal husbandry in many countries word-wide. Intensive fish production has increased the risk of infectious diseases all over the world. Bacterial pathogens probably cause most disease problems in aquaculture. Most infectious bacterial diseases in commercial fish species continue to be controlled by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents although they represent a potential environmental hazard and could also have negative effects on the quality of the final product. The most important problem of antibiotic treatment is the increase in resistant bacteria, the presence of their residues in aquaculture products and the resulting threat to human health. Therefore, it is most effective to prevent the introduction or onset of the disease. Beside preventing the introduction of pathogens, good water quality, reduction of environmental stressors, adequate nutrition and immunization, many substances improving the health status of fish, such as immunostimulants, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics and so on, are used in fish breeding. The present review gives an overview of preventive and prophylactic substances which can be used in salmonid fish breeding to improve the health status of fish.

scholarly journals Jelly surge in the Mediterranean Sea: threat or opportunity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
CINZIA GRAVILI
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
The Mediterranean

  The rise in water temperature in the Mediterranean Sea, and associated migrations of temperate marine biota, are occurring in the context of a global warming causing an expansion of the tropical jellyfish range, exacerbating jellyfish outbreaks linked to coastal development, nutrient loading, and overfishing. The gelatinous component of plankton is considered as ‘the dark side of ecology’ capable of appearing and disappearing at unpredictable times. In the last decade an increasingly high number of gelatinous plankton blooms are occurring and this makes us wonder if ‘a Mediterranean Sea full of jellyfish is a probable future’. The reasons for rising jellyfish blooms are, probably, manifold. Current studies are aimed to highlight how climatic change is interacting with the Mediterranean ecosystem favouring entrance, abundances and success of alien species and triggering ‘regime shifts’ such as from fish to jellyfish. Jellyfish damage the economic success of power plants, fish farms, tourism, and affect fisheries consuming larvae of commercial fish species. On the other hand, several studies were also taken into account on uses for jellyfish as biofuels and foods but more experimentation is needed to improve the first encouraging results.

scholarly journals Monitoring of fish diseases in the Magadan region

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
E.A. Vitomskova
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
North East ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Different Seasons

In such a large region as the Far North-East of Russia, there is still no purposeful ichthyopathological study of fish diseases, which has epizootic and epidemiological significance. The material for the study was commercial fish caught in different seasons of 1995-2021. As a result of the research, individuals of natural populations and in aquaculture with clinical signs of infectious and parasitic diseases were found, and cultures of virulent strains of microorganisms were isolated. According to the results of the parasitological study, larvae of nematodes of the family Anisakidae and plerocercoids of cestodes Diphyllobothriidae, which have important epidemiological and epizootic significance, were registered. Based on long-term ichthyopathological studies, a retrospective review of own data was carried out. The analysis of infectious diseases of mature individuals of anadromous Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus, as well as long-term parasitological monitoring in a comparative aspect of the invasion of commercial fish by helminths dangerous to human and animal health, is presented.

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