Seasonal abundance and diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in rice ecosystem of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Chhavi ◽  
Pawan K Sharma ◽  
Dhruba Chandra Dhali
Keyword(s):  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Population Trend ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Rice Ecosystem ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Unknown Male

Spiders are one of the most fascinating and diverse invertebrates and also potential bio-control agents in agro-ecosystems. Field surveys were carried out at Sundernagar, Jogindernagar, Nurpur and Palampur areas of Himachal Pradesh by two methods namely visual count and sweep net to assess seasonal abundance and diversity of spider, in the rice ecosystems during kharif, 2015 and 2016. It was found that the population trend was well represented by visual count method as compared to sweep net method. Maximum numbers of spiders were recorded from Palampur area followed by Sundernagar, Jogindernagar and Nurpur. Eleven families viz., Oxyopidae, Tetragnathidae, Salticidae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Araneidae, Theridiidae, Clubionidae, Sparassidae, Thomisidae and Pholcidae were recorded from the fields with majority belonging to Araneidae and Tetragnathidae. The pre-dominant spider genus from all the locations were Tetragnatha and Neoscona while Araneus pseudosturmii and Runcinia ghorpadei Tikader were confined only to Nurpur and Sundernagar, respectively. A. pseudosturmii and Micropholcus fauroti Simon seem to be the first records from India while R. ghorpadei to be the hitherto unknown male morph.

scholarly journals Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Arthropods onAcacia mangium(Fabales: Fabaceae) Trees as Windbreaks in the Cerrado

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. S. Silva ◽  
G. L. D. Leite ◽  
R. E. M. Guañabens ◽  
R. A. Sampaio ◽  
C. A. G. Gusmão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

scholarly journals Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1012
Author(s):  
Nicola Bodino ◽  
Stefano Demichelis ◽  
Anna Simonetto ◽  
Stefania Volani ◽  
Matteo Alessandro Saladini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cover Up

Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) are the vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) in Europe. Xf may cause severe epidemics in cultivated plants, including grapevines. To assess the threat represented by the bacterium to grapevines, detailed information on the vectors’ phenology, density, and ecology in vineyards is needed. The aim of the present work was to describe spittlebug diversity, phenology, and host-plant association in the vineyard agroecosystem. Two separate field surveys of nymphal and adult spittlebug populations, i.e., a two-year survey of a single site and a one-year survey of three sites, were performed in vineyards of northwestern Italy in three consecutive years. Philaenus spumarius was the most common species, reaching average nymph densities on herbaceous cover up to 60–130 nymphs/m2. Adults were sampled on grapevines from May to September, with a peak in June (up to 0.43 insects/sweep). Herbaceous cover was colonized after egg hatching and in late summer for oviposition, while wild woody hosts represented a refuge during summer. The results show that spittlebugs can reach high population levels in vineyards, at least in the areas where the ground is covered by herbaceous plants for the whole season and the use of insecticides is moderate. The extended presence of P. spumarius adults on grapevines represents a serious risk factor for the spread of Xf. The scenarios of Xf establishment in vineyards in northwestern Italy and Europe are discussed in relation to the abundance, phenology, and plant association of spittlebugs.

scholarly journals The role of ecological infrastructure on beneficial arthropods in vineyards

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristijan Franin ◽  
Božena Barić ◽  
Gabrijela Kuštera
Keyword(s):  
Shannon Index ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Ecological Infrastructure ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Index Value

Weeds and non-cultivated plants have a great impact on abundance and diversity of beneficial arthropods in agriculture. The main aim of this work was to study the influence of the ecological infrastructure (meadows and weedy margins) on the arthropod composition in vineyard surrounding landscape. Research was carried out from May to October during three years. Sampling took place in the ecological infrastructure of three differently managed vineyards (organic, integrated and extensive). Three zones were chosen in each vineyard (3 m, 10 m, and 30 m from the edge of the vineyard). Samples were taken using a standardised sweep net method. In total, we captured 6032 spiders and 1309 insects belonging to 4 orders and 10 families. Arthropod fauna was numerically dominated by Aranea (82.1%); among insects, Coleoptera was the most abundant taxonomic group (10.6%); Neuroptera showed the lowest value (0.88%). Significant differences were found between sites and zones. Organic vineyard showed the highest abundance of arthropods (92.41% were spiders) and in the integrated vineyard there was a 23% of insects. Both the highest abundance of arthropods and the highest Shannon Index value (2.46) was found 3 m away from the edge of the vineyard. Results showed that spiders were the dominant arthropods and ladybugs the dominant insects. Weedy strips near the edge of the vineyard contained a high number of insects and spiders. Our results support the importance of weedy margins in enhancing the population of arthropods as well as in biodiversity promotion. Well-managed field margins could play important role in biological control of vineyard pests.

Seasonal occurrence of waterbirds in Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2010 to 2012

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-141
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Stewart ◽  
Fulton L. Lavender ◽  
Heather A. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
Surf Scoter ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

We determined patterns of seasonal abundance and diversity of seabirds and coastal waterfowl in Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, Canada using quantitative, shore-based point surveys from mid-March to late August and mid-October to December 2010 to 2012. This area experiences the world’s highest tides and greatest tidal currents. We showed that species and seasonal cycles of waterbirds in Minas Passage reflect patterns typical of the inner Bay of Fundy and the northeast Atlantic coast of North America. The study highlights the importance of Minas Passage as an important local migration pathway for waterbirds including Black Scoter (Melanitta americana) and Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) passing through the Bay of Fundy. Large numbers of sea ducks (Black Scoter, Surf Scoter [Melanitta perspicillata], White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca), and Long-tailed Duck [Clangula hyemalis]), and Red-throated Loon were observed at the site in spring and fall, corresponding to known peak movements elsewhere in the Bay of Fundy. Fewest species and smallest abundances of waterbirds overall occurred in summer and early winter, while most species and largest abundances occurred in April-May and early November. Of the 46 species observed, resident breeders such as Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle), and Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), were most abundant in spring to early summer during breeding and migrants including Red-throated Loon, Black Scoter, Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis), Surf Scoter, and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) occurred in moderate numbers during migration periods.

Efficacy of imidacloprid seed treatment for the control of leafhoppers and thrips in groundnut

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Nataraja ◽  
G. Harish ◽  
Prasanna Holajjer ◽  
S. D. Savaliya
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Sweep Net

The bio-efficacy of imidacloprid seed treatment against leafhopper and thrips of groundnut was studied during kharif (23rd to 42nd standard week) and summer (5th to 23rd standard week) cropping seasons of 2010 and 2011. The six different concentrations viz., 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g a. i. kg-1 were tested for their bio-efficacy. A modified sweep net method was followed to record the leafhopper and thrips populations. Seed treatments with imidacloprid @ 2.0 to 5.0 g a. i. kg-1 were found most effective in reducing the insect population. However, seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 2.0 g a. i. kg-1 may be included in integrated pest management (IPM) package for groundnut from environmental safety point.

Response of soil arthropods population to different farming systems under cotton integrated with groundnut and pigeonpea crops

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chethan ◽  
R.K. K. Patil ◽  
B. Halappa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Organic Farming System

A study was carried out to know the response of organic, integrated and conventional farming systems on the diversity of soil meso and macro arthropod populations in the cotton inter cropped with groundnut and pigeonpea at MARS, UAS, Dharwad during kharif -2015-16. The organic farming system has recorded highest meso and macro arthropod population of 21.35 per 100 g of soil and 42.00 per pitfall trap respectively. Cotton intercropped with groundnut has recorded higher population of meso and macro arthropods (15.50 /100 g of soil and 41.26/ pitfall trap, respectively). The seasonal abundance of soil arthropods was high in October (25.89/100g of soil) and least in December (5.78/ 100g of soil) months. The diversity of soil arthropod populations assessed on the Shannon’s index of below ground arthropod populations recorded was highest in organic farming (0.61) and least in conventional farming (0.51) system. Hence, the organic farming system increases abundance and diversity of soil organisms and soil fertility, and it adds large amounts of organic residue inputs, which in turn increases the biological activity in soil.

scholarly journals Abundance and Diversity of Zooplankton in Semi-Intensive Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Farm

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alokesh Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Suman Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Rashedul Islam ◽  
SM Bazlur
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Two Peaks

The present study was carried out on the seasonal abundance and diversity of zooplankton in a semi- intensive shrimp farm of Bagerhat district from June to December, 2008. Plankton samples were collected by conical shaped monofilament nylon net (Plankton net) and Lugol’s solution was used for preservation. The zooplankton abundance was influenced by physico-chemical factors. In the present study 5 groups of zooplankton were observed namely rotifer, copepod, cladocera, ostracoda and crustacean larvae. Among the various groups of zooplankton, the percentages of copepod, rotifer, cladocera, ostracoda and crustacean larvae in the culture system were 52%, 39%, 7%, 1% and 1% respectively. The zooplankton was dominated by copepods (52%) which showed more or less two peaks in August (833 individuals/L) and in October (815 individuals/L). Rotifer and copepod were about r awhile one genus Cypris of ostracod was found only in August. Three genus of copepod namely Diaptomus,  Cyclops and Mesocyclops were identified in the study area of which Diaptomus and Mesocyclops were more or less dominant while four genus of which Brachionus and Filinia under rotifer and Daphnia and Diaphanosoma under cladocera were also found during the study period. The findings of the present study will help to improve the management strategies of shrimp culture system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5286 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 1-11

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