Poverty Incidence and Income Inequality in the Tribal and Non-tribal Area of Central Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Tribal Area ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
Tribal Areas

The present investigation undertook to study the poverty incidence and income distribution among poor and non-poor in the tribal and non-tribal areas applying headcount index and the Gini index, and Lorenz curve. The headcount index shows the proportion of poor households. It shows that poverty was higher in the tribal area than in non-tribal regions. Incidence of poverty was higher in marginal farm households, followed by landless agricultural labour and small farm households. Income inequalities are depicted by the Gini coefficient and presented in graphical form by the Lorenz curve. It showed that total income was distributed more equally among poor and non-poor people in the tribal area than in non-tribal regions. It also observed that in the tribal district, poor and non-poor households had the same proportion of inequality. It was suggested to focus on creating employment opportunities through programmes like MGNREGA to eliminate poverty in particular tribal areas. Keywords: Gini coefficient, headcount index, income inequality, Lorenz curve, poverty incidence. JEL Codes: D63, I32, I38, O15

Poverty Situation in Tribal and Non-tribal Area of Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jignesh Macwan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Tribal Area ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tribal Areas

The present investigation undertook to study the extent of poverty in the tribal and non-tribal areas applying the FGT index. Results showed that overall poverty was higher in the tribal area as compared to non-tribal areas. Among farm sectors in the tribal and non-tribal area, the highest poverty in marginal farm households was followed by landless agricultural labors and small farm households. The overall poverty gap index revealed, on average, 11 percent and 4 percent of the poverty line cash transfer needed to lift each poor person out of poverty in tribal and non-tribal areas, respectively. The value of the squared poverty gap index showed poverty was less severe in non-tribal areas. The poverty line’s average expenditure gap shows poor of tribal areas were more flawed than the poor of non-tribal regions in Central Gujarat. Overall expenditure of poor households on food items constituted maximum share followed by non-food items, medical and education in the tribal and non-tribal area. In tribal regions, both poor and non-poor people were spending more on intoxicant and tobacco products than non-tribal areas. The government should give regular employment to inadequate household programs like MGNREGA. There is a dire need to make an awareness program to control the use of intoxicants and tobacco in general for both the area and particularly in tribal areas because they were spending more on these items.

scholarly journals Income inequality measures and the middle class

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Oleg I. Pavlov ◽  
Olga Yu. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

We study how the presence of the middle class in the sense of Gevorgyan-Malykhin affects the value of income inequality measures including the Gini coefficient J and the Hoover index H. It is proved that in the presence of the middle class (1) $J \leqslant \frac{1}{2}\frac{{L'\left( 0 \right)}}{2}$ (where L is the Lorenz function), (2) $H \leqslant \frac{1}{2}$, (3) the longest vertical distance between the diagonal and the Lorenz curve (which is equal to H) is attained at ${z_0} < \frac{3}{4}$ A tight upper bound for P90/P10 ratio is found assuming L′(0)>0. Tight upper and lower bounds for the differential deviation in terms of the Gini coefficient are found as well.

The Discovery of the Gini Coefficient

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-141
Author(s):  
Michael Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Corrado Gini ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

This article traces the development of the methods of representing the degree of income inequality that were developed in the early twentieth century by Max Otto Lorenz and Corrado Gini. It suggests that Gini’s efforts to perfect the Lorenz curve may well have facilitated his discovery of what came to be known as the Gini coefficient and argues that this coefficient is an important example of a multiple (or chain multiple) discovery.

Impact of Self-Help Group (SHG) Membership on Income and Income Inequality

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Birbhum District ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Help Group

The microfinance program has now been recognized as an effective tool to empower economically the rural women folk. The earning is the most important direct outcome of micro finance participation unlike acquiring empowerment. Participation in the program helps women to inculcate their saving habit. It gives access to the formal credit to them. All these have direct impact on their economic condition. This study explores the impact of microfinance program on the income of the program participants of Birbhum District in West Bengal in India. The study also focuses on how participation helps in reducing inequality in income of the participants. The major finding of the study is that women self-help group (SHG) members have the higher level of income compared to that of non-SHG members. The study also shows that SHG participation also helps them in reducing inequalities in their income. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve technique has been used to assess the income distribution of the respondents.

INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF RED CHILLI FARMER, AT MEREMBU VILLAGE, LABUAPI DISTRICT, WEST LOMBOK REGENCY 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Eka Artika
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

Red chili is an agricultural commodity planted by farmers on the sidelines of rice planting as the main agricultural commodity, especially in Merembu Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency. This study aims to determine the level of income distribution of chili farmers in Merembu Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency. The sample respondent as many as 35 red chili farmers in the research area. The analysis technique uses income distribution analysis with three approaches, namely Gini Coefficient approach, Lorenz Curve and World Bank Criteria Approach. The results of the Gini Ratio calculation for the 35 respondents studied, obtained a Gini Index or Gini Coefficient of 0.143, this shows the income inequality of red chili farmers in Merembu Village, Labuapi District in the mild or low category. This statement is reinforced by the Lorenz Curve approach and the World Bank Criteria Approach, namely the results of calculations based on the World Bank approach obtained that 40% of the population with low incomes receive an income of 29.6% or greater than 17% (Low Category) of the total existing income. This indicates that the category of the level of income distribution of chili farmers in Merembu Village, Labuapi District is relatively low

scholarly journals Assessment of the income situation of households in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
J. Turčínková ◽  
J. Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

The paper deals with the assessment of income situation of households in the Czech Republic. The primary source for the analysis were the data of the survey EU-SILC European Union &ndash; Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The basic variable for the analysis is the level of the household income in 2005&ndash;2008. In addition to the decile classification, characteristics such as the average income per one household member, poverty threshold, poverty depth coefficient, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. were calculated in order to evaluate the income situation. The results show an increase of the average household income. The Lorenz curve followed by the Gini coefficient demonstrate the uniformity of distribution of income values. The results show a decreasing income differentiation. The poverty threshold was defined on the level of 60% of the median value and with this given threshold, the households were assessed, whether they belong to the ones at the risk of poverty. The results reveal a decreasing number of households at the risk of poverty. The poverty depth coefficient has a stronger explanatory power and shows how far below the poverty threshold the households are, or what is an income deficit of these households. Each category of households at the risk of poverty varies with the depth of poverty. The analysis also provides the results of how the households' income situation or poverty is perceived by the households themselves.

scholarly journals Modified Lorenz Curve and Its Computation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Subian Saidi ◽  
Ulfah Muharramah ◽  
La Zakaria ◽  
Yomi Mariska ◽  
Triyono Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Computational Process ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

The Lorenz curve is generally used to find out the inequality of income distribution. Mathematically a standard form of the Lorenz curve can be modified with the aim of simplicity of its symmetric analysis and calculation of the Gini coefficient that usually accompanies it. One way to modify the shape of the Lorenz curve without losing its characteristics but is simple in the analysis of geometric shapes is through a transformation (rotation). To be efficient and effective in computing and analyzing a Lorenz curve it is necessary to consider using computer software. In this article, in addition to describing the development of the concept of using transformations (rotations) of the standard Lorenz curve in an easy-to-do form, the symmetric analysis is also described by computational techniques using Mathematica® software. From the results of the application of the development of the concept of the Lorenz curve which is carried out on a data gives a simpler picture of the computational process with relatively similar computational results.

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