scholarly journals Assessment of the income situation of households in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
J. Turčínková ◽  
J. Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

The paper deals with the assessment of income situation of households in the Czech Republic. The primary source for the analysis were the data of the survey EU-SILC European Union – Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The basic variable for the analysis is the level of the household income in 2005–2008. In addition to the decile classification, characteristics such as the average income per one household member, poverty threshold, poverty depth coefficient, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. were calculated in order to evaluate the income situation. The results show an increase of the average household income. The Lorenz curve followed by the Gini coefficient demonstrate the uniformity of distribution of income values. The results show a decreasing income differentiation. The poverty threshold was defined on the level of 60% of the median value and with this given threshold, the households were assessed, whether they belong to the ones at the risk of poverty. The results reveal a decreasing number of households at the risk of poverty. The poverty depth coefficient has a stronger explanatory power and shows how far below the poverty threshold the households are, or what is an income deficit of these households. Each category of households at the risk of poverty varies with the depth of poverty. The analysis also provides the results of how the households' income situation or poverty is perceived by the households themselves.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Supplies in the Countries of the Visegrad Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7916
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Coefficient ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
Visegrad Group

The main purpose of the work is to identify and present the current situation and changes in the volume of energy supplies in the countries of the Visegrad Group. The specific objectives of the article are to determine the degree of concentration of energy supply sources in the countries of the Visegrad Group, the directions of their changes, types of energy used and changes in this area, establishing the correlation between the volume of energy supplies and changes in the economic situation in V4 countries. The period of research covers the years 1990–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, with the data from Eurostat. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: descriptive, tabular, graphical, dynamics indicators with a constant basis; Gini concentration coefficient; concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve; coefficient of variation; Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. It was found that, of a high concentration of energy supplies from one or more sources in all countries of the Visegrad Group, the largest was in Poland and the lowest were in Hungary and the Czech Republic. In each of these countries, the economy was transforming and there was also a gradual diversification of energy sources.

scholarly journals I Do It My Way: Analysis of the Permanent Representation of the Czech Republic to the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Johana Galušková ◽  
Petr Kaniok
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sociological Institutionalism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Variable Character ◽  
Council Presidency

Abstract This article analyses development of the Permanent Representation of the Czech Republic to the European Union (PermRep) from 2004, when the Czech Republic joined the European Union, until 2013. Its main aim is to test four concepts related to the three neoinstitutionalist theories – firstly, the path dependency and critical junctures models related to the historical neo-institutionalism, secondly principal-agent relation typical for the rational neo-institutionalism and the concept of the logic of appropriateness related to the sociological institutionalism. The authors try to determine which of these four models have the best explanatory potential when it comes to the development of the Czech PermRep. After analysing three independent variables (changes in executive, EU Council Presidency, EU strategies), and their impact on the dependent variable (character of the Czech PermRep), the authors conclude that particularly historical institutionalism and sociological institutionalism models have the greatest explanatory power while the contribution of rational institutionalism model of principal-agent is relatively weak.

scholarly journals The Effects of Solidarity, Income, and Reliance on the State on Personal Income Tax Preferences. The Case of the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10141
Author(s):  
Inna Cabelkova ◽  
Lubos Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Progressivity

The current increase in government spending, caused by COVID epidemics and the increasing visibility of leftist political groups in public media, emphasizes the short-term need for sustainable income taxation. In the long run, rising inequality worldwide makes taxation of high-incomes indispensable for sustainable economic development. This paper empirically studies public attitudes on taxation related to income, preferences for solidarity vs. individual performance, and reliance on the state in the Czech Republic. In this Eastern European country, the dichotomies above bear even more importance due to the communist past. We apply the hierarchical regression analysis with smoothing spline transformations to a representative sample of public opinion data (N = 1104, aged 15–95 years, M ± SD: 47.74 ± 17.39; 51.2% women, 18.50% with higher education). The results suggest that income was associated with the perception that taxes for the rich are inadequately high but was unrelated to perceptions of tax adequacy for average and poor groups of respondents. Higher solidarity and reliance on the state were associated with the desire to increase taxation of high-incomes and decrease taxation of poor income groups. Surprisingly, the reliance on the state was associated with a desire to decrease taxation of average-incomes and total taxation while increasing tax progressivity. Preferences for solidarity were associated with higher preferred overall taxation and more tax progressivity. The explanatory powers of preferences for solidarity and reliance on the state in explaining the variation in tax preferences are at least equivalent and, in some cases, twice as large as the explanatory power of the age, gender, education, and income altogether. The results above present new mechanisms that can contribute to sustainable endogenous economic development.

scholarly journals Quantification of factors influencing the difference in household income in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolana Kvíčalová ◽  
Jan Široký
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Preliminary Description

Income inequalities, resulting from different income of economic entities and the level of redistribution (especially the amount and structure of taxes on one hand and transfer payments on the other) and peculiarities of the market economy, have been increasing.Within the context of the economic crisis, the pressure (proved by election results in many countries) to alleviate such differences, or at least to stop their deepening has been strengthening. The analysis of the increased income differentiation gets into attention of the theory of public finance.The paper theoretically deals with the ways of measuring such inequalities and then it focuses on the factors that may be regarded as significant for increasing income differences in particular conditions of the Czech Republic within the years 2006–2011 for the selected types of households. Based on the preliminary description, deduction and induction, the research objective was to determine, using the mathematic and statistical methods, the relevancy and -where appropriate- the level of dependence of the analyzed effects on particular elements of household income.

INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF RED CHILLI FARMER, AT MEREMBU VILLAGE, LABUAPI DISTRICT, WEST LOMBOK REGENCY 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Eka Artika
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Lorenz Curve

Red chili is an agricultural commodity planted by farmers on the sidelines of rice planting as the main agricultural commodity, especially in Merembu Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency. This study aims to determine the level of income distribution of chili farmers in Merembu Village, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency. The sample respondent as many as 35 red chili farmers in the research area. The analysis technique uses income distribution analysis with three approaches, namely Gini Coefficient approach, Lorenz Curve and World Bank Criteria Approach. The results of the Gini Ratio calculation for the 35 respondents studied, obtained a Gini Index or Gini Coefficient of 0.143, this shows the income inequality of red chili farmers in Merembu Village, Labuapi District in the mild or low category. This statement is reinforced by the Lorenz Curve approach and the World Bank Criteria Approach, namely the results of calculations based on the World Bank approach obtained that 40% of the population with low incomes receive an income of 29.6% or greater than 17% (Low Category) of the total existing income. This indicates that the category of the level of income distribution of chili farmers in Merembu Village, Labuapi District is relatively low

More Money, Less Housework? Relative Resources and Housework in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 2823-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Hamplová ◽  
Jana Klímová Chaloupková ◽  
Renáta Topinková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Relative Earning ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relative Resources

The article explores the association between housework, earnings, and education. In contrast to the majority of existing studies from Western countries, this article tests the bargaining theory in the Czech Republic. Given the high female labor force participation coupled with a tendency for women to drop out of the labor market for several years after childbirth, the country provides an interesting context to test the theory. Using data from the first wave of the Czech Household Panel, we apply multilevel mixed-effect regressions and analyze the index expressing the relative division of housework between the male and female partners. We demonstrate that in this institutional context, economic factors such as the woman’s education and her absolute or relative earning have little explanatory power for the way housework is shared. Furthermore, we show that the man’s education is a better predictor of the division of housework than the woman’s education.

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