scholarly journals Inhibition du développement de l’Aspergillus flavus par l’acide acétique: Analyse de trois expériences réalisées à Kinshasa- RD Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7809-7821
Author(s):  
Umba di M’balu Joachim ◽  
Masimango N. Thaddée ◽  
Mvumbi Lelo
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Humidité Relative

L’Aspergillus flavus est un champignon cosmopolite, très répandu dans la nature et susceptible de contaminer plusieurs aliments. C’est un champignon qui fait beaucoup parler de lui depuis qu’on a découvert qu’il secrète de métabolites hautement toxiques, les aflatoxines, cancérigènes et exerçant d’autres effets nuisibles sur la santé des hommes et des animaux. En effet, les aflatoxines sont de métabolites toxiques secondaires biosynthétisés par certaines souches de micromycètes, notamment Aspergillus flavus. (En fait le terme est un moyen mnémotechnique pour dire : toxines d’Aspergillus flavus).Elles sont produites lorsque les champignons se trouvent dans des conditions de forte humidité relative (80-90%) conjointement à une température élevée (20-30°C).Les dégâts imputables aux aflatoxines sont nombreux aussi bien sur le plan de la santé (humaine et animale) que sur l’économie. En considérant que les mycotoxines ne peuvent jamais être complètement absentes ou éliminées des denrées alimentaires, divers moyens de lutte biologique, chimique ou physique empêchant le développement du champignon produisant l’Aspergillus flavus ont été essayés. L’objectif de ce travail est de faire connaître trois expériences de lutte des aflatoxines par l’acide acétique et de comparer si les résultats obtenus avec les extraits de caieux d’Allium sativum et d’écorces racinaires de Diospyros heterosictricha utilisé comme biopesticides pour inhiber la croissance mycélienne d’Aspergillus flavus. Il ressort des analyses que l’acide acétique exerce effectivement un pouvoir inhibiteur à des pourcentages différents sur le développement de l’Aspergillus flavus. La dose minimale efficace varie d’un auteur à un autre même lorsque les essais sont effectués dans de conditions comparables mais surtout en fonction de dilution. La dose minimale efficace d’inhibition d’Aspergillus flavus est située à 400 ppm (0,04%) estiment certains auteurs. Par contre, d’autres pensent qu’elle est comprise entre 0,02 ml à 15 ml. ABSTRACT Aspergillus flavus is a cosmopolitan fungus, widely distributed in nature and capable of contaminating several foods. It is a mushroom that has been talked about a lot since it was discovered that it secretes highly toxic metabolites, the aflatoxins, carcinogens and having other harmful effects on the health of humans and animals. Aflatoxins are secondary toxic Umba et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (1): 7809-7821 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-1.5 7810 metabolites biosynthesized by certain strains of micromycetes, notably Aspergillus flavus. (In fact the term is a mnemonic means to say: toxins of Aspergillus flavus). They are produced when the mushrooms are in conditions of high relative humidity (80-90%) together with a high temperature (20-30°C). The damage attributable to aflatoxins is numerous both in terms of health (human and animal) and in terms of the economy. Considering that mycotoxins can never be completely absent or eliminated from food, various means of biological, chemical or physical control preventing the development of the fungus producing Aspergillus flavus have been tried. The objective of this work is to make known three experiences of aflatoxin control by acetic acid and to compare if the results obtained with the extracts of cloves of Allium sativum and root barks of Diospyros heterosictricha used as biopesticides to inhibit the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus. Analyses show that acetic acid effectively exerts inhibitory power at different percentages on the development of Aspergillus flavus. The minimum effective dose varies from one author to another even when the tests are carried out under comparable conditions but especially according to dilution. The minimum effective inhibition dose of Aspergillus flavus is located at 400 ppm (0.04%) believe some authors. On the other hand, others think that it is between 0.02 ml to 15 ml.

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed with Maize Colonized by Either Toxigenic or Atoxigenic Strains of Aspergillus flavus with and without an Aflatoxin-Sequestering Agent

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
M. O. Samuel Aikore ◽  
Alejandro Ortega-Beltran ◽  
Daisy Eruvbetine ◽  
Joseph Atehnkeng ◽  
Titilayo D. O. Falade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

In warm agricultural areas across the globe, maize, groundnut, and other crops become frequently contaminated with aflatoxins produced primarily by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Crop contamination with those highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds impacts both human and animal health, as well as the income of farmers and trade. In Nigeria, poultry productivity is hindered by high prevalence of aflatoxins in feeds. A practical solution to decrease crop aflatoxin content is to use aflatoxin biocontrol products based on non-toxin-producing strains of A. flavus. The biocontrol product Aflasafe® was registered in 2014 for use in maize and groundnut grown in Nigeria. Its use allows the production of aflatoxin-safe maize and groundnut. A portion of the maize treated with Aflasafe in Nigeria is being used to manufacture feeds used by the poultry industry, and productivity is improving. One of the conditions to register Aflasafe with the national regulator was to demonstrate both the safety of Aflasafe-treated maize to avian species and the impact of Aflasafe as a public good. Results presented here demonstrate that the use of maize colonized by an atoxigenic strain of Aflasafe resulted in superior (p < 0.05) broiler performance in all evaluated parameters in comparison to broilers fed with toxigenic maize. Use of an aflatoxin-sequestering agent (ASA) was not sufficient to counteract the harmful effects of aflatoxins. Both the safety and public good value of Aflasafe were demonstrated during our study. In Nigeria, the availability of aflatoxin-safe crops as a result of using Aflasafe allows poultry producers to improve their productivity, their income, and the health of consumers of poultry products.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Extract, Allamanda Leaf Extract and Provax -200 on Seed Borne Fungi of Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
I. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Seeds of rice were treated with Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract @ 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 dilutions in water, allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract @ 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilutions in water and Provax-200 @ 0.3% for controlling seed borne fungi, where the seed samples of three rice varieties viz. Katharee, Gutee Aus and Kalijira were collected from farmer’s storages of Bangladesh. The seed germination under control ranged from 64 to 77%, where treatments resulted up to 100% germination. The identified seed borne fungi of rice were Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., where prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae (7.5%) and Fusarium moniliforme (8.3%) were the maximum. All the treatments significantly reduced the seed borne fungi up to 100% over the control, where Provax was found best and was statically similar to garlic (1:1) extract against seed borne pathogen of rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11064The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 46-50

Inhibitory activity of lactic and acetic acid on Aspergillus flavus growth for food preservation

Food Control ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. León Peláez ◽  
C.A. Serna Cataño ◽  
E.A. Quintero Yepes ◽  
R.R. Gamba Villarroel ◽  
G.L. De Antoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Food Preservation

scholarly journals Lampiran 1F Paper Single production of Kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus and the revision of flufuran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Industrial Use

Timor Island is very hot and dry due to the high intensity of sunlight experienced throughout the year. The endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus had been isolated from medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. The endophytic fungi A. flavus from each plant was cultivated on solid rice media and then analyzed for its capability for producing kojic acid. The production of kojic acid was analyzed by HPLC; the highest amount of kojic acid was observed from the endophytic fungi A. flavus, isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus, followed by A. flavus from Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. Simple VLC fractionation of the extract of A. flavus from C.roseus led to the isolation of around 11.1 g of pure kojic acid. The structure of kojic acid (1) was confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. A comparison of the NMR data with the literature supported the revision of the natural product flufuran to kojic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a strain of endophytic fungi producing only kojic acid without any other toxic metabolites such as alfatoxins. Therefore, this Aspergillus flavus strain can be applied as a potential producer of kojic acid for industrial use.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in inhibiting aflatoxin production and reducing the harmful effects of aflatoxin in ducklings

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Hai N. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Sacharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Ground Corn

Sacharomyces cerevisiae isolates were obtained from baker's yeast, soil, fruit and identified with PCR. Twenty-seven isolates of S. cerevisiae were screened for capacity of inhibition of aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) on coconut extract agar media (CEA). The results showed that the coculture method of S. cerevisiae isolates and aflatoxin producing A. flavus on CEA medium could be used for screening the strains that are able to antagonize aflatoxin-producing A. flavus. On ground corn medium, with the rate of 104 aflatoxin-producing A. flavus spores and 108 S. cerevisiae yeast cells/g, S. cerevisiae was able to reduce the amount of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus in corn. In an in vivo experiment, it was found that addition of 108 cells of S. cerevisiae to one kg of duck feed contaminated with 300 ppb aflatoxin from 1 to 10 days of age reduced adverse effects of aflatoxin on the liver and kidneys of ducks

scholarly journals Occurrence of aflatoxins in milk and their effects on reproduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. KOUROUSEKOS (Γ. Δ. ΚΟΥΡΟΥΣΕΚΟΣ) ◽  
A. G. LYMBEROPOULOS (Α. Γ. ΛΥΜΠΕΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
The World

The aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungi invade the forages and under suitable conditions produce aflatoxins (Bl, B2, Gl, G2). The consumption of aflatoxins by the animals results in various pathological conditions (aflatoxicoses), with symptoms that vary depending on the species of animal, the age, the degree of forage invasion by the fungi and the quantity of the consumed feed. Nowadays, researchers pay more attention to the aflatoxins, because the latter do occur in many parts of the world. The regions more affected by aflatoxins are those with tropic or subtropic climate, since the levels of humidity and temperature play an important role in fungi's growth. The consumption of anatoxin Bl results in the excretion of aflatoxin Ml into the milk. Ml is one of Bl's metabolites and in some cases it is detected in concentrations higher than the maximum desirable limits fixed by each state, making the milk inappropriate for consumption. Furthermore, there are many reports about the effects of aflatoxins on the reproductive system. Sexual maturation, growth and maturation of the follicles, levels of hormones, gestation, growth of foetus are some of the parameters that are possibly influenced by aflatoxins. Regarding the genital system of male, most reports are related with the likely effect of aflatoxins on the size and weight of the genital organs, on spermatogenesis, on the number and morphology of spermatozoa, as well as on the levels of hormones.

scholarly journals Natural Occurence of Aflatoxins in Wheat from Central Transylvania

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona MAN ◽  
Maria TOFANA ◽  
Sevastiţa MUSTE ◽  
Adriana PAUCEAN ◽  
Anamaria BIROU (POP)
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Important Food ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Harmful Effects

Aflatoxins (AFs), the secondary metabolites produced by species of Aspergillus, specifically Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, have harmful effects on humans, animals, and crops that result in illnesses and economic losses. Wheat that is susceptible to these fungi infections through its growth, harvest, transport, and storage, is the most important food in Romania. Therefore, this study sought to present mycotoxins in wheat samples grown in different regions of Transyvania, the results being obtained in the climate of the year 2009-2010. Wheat samples were collected from Turda and Targu Mures. It was analyzed the presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, using HPTLC in twenty samples of wheat. Percentage of samples found positive for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 was 10%, 5%, 0%, 0%. Although the percentage of aflatoxin found in wheat is low, these percentages should be considered, in terms of exposure every day to mycotoxins through consumption of cereals and cereal-based products.

Aspergillus Flavus and Turkey X Disease: Toxic Metabolites of Aspergillus flavus

Nature ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 195 (4846) ◽  
pp. 1062-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDA F. NESBITT ◽  
J. O'KELLY ◽  
K. SARGEANT ◽  
ANN SHERIDAN
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

scholarly journals Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius R. B. Ola ◽  
Gema Metboki ◽  
Caterina S. Lay ◽  
Yoseph Sugi ◽  
Philipi De Rozari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Industrial Use

Timor Island is very hot and dry due to the high intensity of sunlight experienced throughout the year. The endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus had been isolated from medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. The endophytic fungi A. flavus from each plant was cultivated on solid rice media and then analyzed for its capability for producing kojic acid. The production of kojic acid was analyzed by HPLC; the highest amount of kojic acid was observed from the endophytic fungi A. flavus, isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus, followed by A. flavus from Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. Simple VLC fractionation of the extract of A. flavus from C.roseus led to the isolation of around 11.1 g of pure kojic acid. The structure of kojic acid (1) was confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. A comparison of the NMR data with the literature supported the revision of the natural product flufuran to kojic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a strain of endophytic fungi producing only kojic acid without any other toxic metabolites such as alfatoxins. Therefore, this Aspergillus flavus strain can be applied as a potential producer of kojic acid for industrial use.

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