Clarification of turbid water with the use of Praestol 650 flocculant

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Л.В. Гандурина ◽  
Б.Н. Фрог ◽  
К.С. Гиро
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Average Gradient ◽  
Cationic Flocculant ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Individual

Рассмотрена эффективность самостоятельного применения катионного флокулянта Праестол 650 для очистки мутных вод в зависимости от мутности исходной воды и условий флокуляции. Показано, что приоритетными параметрами, определяющими эффективность самостоятельного применения катионного флокулянта Праестол 650 для очистки мутных природных вод, является интенсивность и длительность перемешивания в камере хлопьеобразования. При длительности не менее 20 минут и среднем градиенте скорости перемешивания G = 340 с-1 эффективность снижения мутности составляет 96% (конечная мутность 7 мг/л). Установлена 96%-ная эффективность неионного флокулянта с молекулярной массой 5–7 млн в неоптимальном режиме хлопьеобразования при длительности перемешивания 5 минут и G = 65 с-1. The efficiency of the individual use of the cationic flocculant Praestol 650 for the purification of turbid water is considered, depending on the turbidity of the source water and the conditions of flocculation. It is shown that the priority parameters that determine the effectiveness of the individual use of the cationic flocculant Praestol 650 for the purification of turbid natural water are the intensity and duration of mixing in the flocculation chamber. With a duration of at least 20 min and an average gradient of mixing rate G= 340 s-1, the efficiency of turbidity reduction is 96% (final turbidity being 7 mg/l). A 96% efficiency of the non-ionic flocculant with a molecular weight of 5–7 million was determined in a suboptimal flocculation mode with a mixing period of 5 min and G = 65 s-1.

Molecular weight determines the frequency of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to heparin and synthetic oligosaccharides

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Alban ◽  
Roland Kaufmann ◽  
Edelgard Lindhoff-Last ◽  
Wolf-Henning Boehncke ◽  
Ralf J. Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Total Data ◽  
The Individual

SummaryEczematous lesions, resulting from type IV sensitizations are well-known and relatively frequent cutaneous adverse effects of s.c. heparin therapy. If anticoagulation is further required intravenous heparin, heparinoids or lepirudin may be used as a substitute. However, these alternatives are not optimal in terms of practicability and/or safety-profiles. As molecular weight of different heparin preparations has repetitively been implied to determine the frequency of sensitization, we hypothesized, that due to its low molecular weight the pentasaccharide fondaparinux may provide a practicable and safe anticoagulant therapy in patients with delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH) to heparin and other oligosaccharides. To test this concept, patients referred for diagnosis of cutaneous reactions after s.c. anticoagulant treatment underwent a series of in vivo skin allergyand challenge-tests with unfractionated heparin, a series of low molecular weight heparins (nadroparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin, enoxaparin and certoparin), the heparinoid danaparoid and the synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux. In total, data from twelve patients was evaluated. In accordance with previously published data, we report a high crossreactivity among heparins and heparinoids. In contrast – and in support of our initial hypothesis – sensitization towards the synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux was rarely observed. Plotting the cumulative incidence against the determined molecular weight of the individual anticoagulant preparations, shows that molecular weight generally is a key determinant of sensitization towards heparins and other oligosaccharides (r2=0.842, p=0.009). Hence, fondaparinux may be used as a therapeutic alternative in patients with cutaneous DTH relations towards heparin and other polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Desempenho agronômico de mandioca de mesa manejada com irrigação e uso de cobertura plástica do solo

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Jorge Cesar dos Anjos Antonini ◽  
Eduardo Alano Vieira ◽  
Josefino de Freitas Fialho ◽  
Fernando Antônio Macena ◽  
Krishna Naudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sweet Cassava

Although cassava is recognized for its high tolerance to drought, irrigation is showing satisfactory results. However, few studies have been carried out to determine the effects of soil cover, irrigation and the combination of both on crop development. Theobjective of this study was to determine the influence of irrigation and plastic soil cover on the agronomic performance of sweet cassava. The planting was done in beds, in thedouble row system with the stem cutingsimplanted vertically, with 0.60m between rows and 0.80 m between plants. The following treatments were applied: naked non-irrigated bedding, bedding covered with non-irrigated black polyethylene plastic, naked bedding with irrigation and bedding covered with irrigated black polyethylene plastic. Irrigation wasperformedby conventional sprinkling, based on the daily soil water balance at the effective depth of the cassava root system in the different stages of crop development. The characters evaluated were: shoot weight, root yield, starch percentage in the roots and time for cooking. The expression of the characters shoot weight, root yield and starch percentage in the roots wassignificantly influenced by irrigation managementandsoil cover. The individual use of irrigation and plastic soilcover technologies led to increases in root yieldof 55% and 13%, respectively, and when used together, root yieldincreased by 89%.

scholarly journals Rapid Production of a Novel Al(III) Dependent Bioflocculant Isolated From Raoultella ornithinolytica 160-1 and Its Application Combined With Inorganic Salts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ding ◽  
Laipeng Luo ◽  
Ruixiang Han ◽  
Meiling Zhang ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
Great Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Individual

An efficient bioflocculant-producing strain, Raoultella ornithinolytica 160-1, was identified by 16S rRNA and mass spectrometry analyses. Rapid production of bioflocculant EPS-160 was obtained with 10.01 g/(L⋅d) after optimized by response surface methodology. With the aid of Al(III), more than 90% flocculation activity of EPS-160 at 8 mg/L dosage was achieved in 5 min. Thus, this novel Al(III) dependent bioflocculant was used in combined with chemical coagulants AlCl3 to remove kaolin suspensions and wastewater treatment. The results indicated that the addition of EPS-160 in aggregation system not only largely improved the flocculation ability than the individual use of chemical flocculant (over 30 percent), but also overcome the decrease of flocculation activity due to the overdose of AlCl3 and maintained the optimum dosage of AlCl3 in a wide range (11–23 mg/L). The zeta potentials and EPS-160 structure indicated that both charge neutralization and bridging were the flocculation mechanism with kaolin. During the wastewater treatment, this composite flocculants consisted of EPS-160 and AlCl3 also had great performance for turbidity elimination. Moreover, with the properties of high flocculation activity, hyperthermal stability, pH tolerance and non-toxicity, EPS-160 shows great potential applications.

Evaluation of Milkoscan 104 Infrared Milk Analyzer

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
F R Van De Voort
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Milk Component ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The Milkoscan 104, a single cell, dual wavelength infrared milk analyzer, was assessed to see if it would meet the newly set AOAC specifications for accuracy and reproducibility required for official sanctioning of the instrument for milk component analysis. This assessment was carried out using herd, individual cow, commercial, and composite random milks, and produced mean differences and standard deviations of difference of <0.02% and ±0.02% for reproducibility and <0.05% and ±0.06% for accuracy. Results outside these values were encountered in the individual cow milks, for which the instrument was not specifically calibrated. The average molecular weight of the milkfat was an important variable because 2 anomalous milks were present in the calibration milks, thus restricting the overall accuracy obtainable. Linear regression analysis of chemical vs instrumental results showed good linearity and provided standard errors of the estimate of the same magnitude as the standard deviation of the differences. A separate assessment of the instrument for within- and between-day variation showed no practical significant differences. Based on the overall results, the Milkoscan 104 was judged to be capable of meeting the AOAC specifications set for fat, protein, and lactose analysis.

scholarly journals Estimation of Wastewater Discharges by Means of OpenStreetMap Data

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannik Schilling ◽  
Jens Tränckner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Building Level ◽  
Sewer Networks

For the optimization of sewer networks and integration of water management in urban planning, estimations of wastewater discharges at a high spatial resolution are a key boundary condition. In many cases, these data are not available or, for reasons of data protection and company secrecy, the data are not accessible for research purposes. Therefore, procedures are needed to determine the volume of wastewater with high spatial resolution, based on freely accessible data. The approach presented here uses mainly OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, combined with a dataset of the German official topographic–cartographic Information System (ATKIS), to estimate the volume of wastewater on a building level. By comparison with daily values of the dry weather inflow at pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, it is shown that the method can generate realistic results, if target inflows exceed 50 m³/d. Difficulties due to the effect of commuting and the individual use of the buildings have to be considered, as well as data-quality issues in the OSM dataset. As an application example, the generated wastewater discharges are spatially joined with land-use plans. The resulting wastewater yield factors serve as input data for decision-support tools in urban water planning or modeling tasks.

Specific Fluorescent Fingerprint of Organic Matter in Advanced Water Treatment and its Molecular Weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wen Cao ◽  
Shao Wei Liao ◽  
Chung Yi Chung ◽  
Hwa Sheng Gau ◽  
Chun Yen Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Treated Water

In this research, the UV absorbance values of wavelength at 210 and 254 nm, excitation emission fluorescent matrix were measured for source water and treated water in CCL (Cheng Ching Lake) water treatment plant during five months. The whole data produced from EEFM was analyzed by PARAFAC operated in MATLAB software. The variation of molecular weight for organic matter was measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) with UV and fluorescent detectors. Observed from the variation of UV210/UV254, high value in treated water compared with source water was found. More molecular weight less than 5 k Da was formed in the treated water with relative to source water. Also, both major components in source water were located at wavelengths of excitation/emission of 250/410 nm and 230/330 nm and those in treated water were 240/410 nm and 220/290 nm. Also, the fluorescent intensity, long excitation wavelength was higher than short excitation wavelength in source water. This phenomena was opposite with treated water.

scholarly journals From self-tracking to smart urban infrastructures: towards an interdisciplinary research agenda on Big Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco R Klauser ◽  
Anders Albrechtslund
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Automated Software

Recent debates on surveillance have emphasised the now myriad possibilities of automated, software-based data gathering, management and analysis. One of the many terms used to describe this phenomenon is ‘Big Data’. The field of Big Data covers a large and complex range of practices and technologies from smart borders to CCTV video analysis, and from consumer profiling to self-tracking applications. The paper’s aim is to explore the surveillance dynamics inherent in contemporary Big Data trends. To this end, the paper adopts two main perspectives concerned with two complementary expressions of Big Data: (1) the individual use of various techniques of self-surveillance and tracking and (2) the simultaneous trend to optimise urban infrastructures through smart information technologies. Drawing upon exploratory research conducted by the authors, the paper shows that both expressions of Big Data present a range of common surveillance dynamics on at least four levels: agency, temporality, spatiality and normativity. On these grounds, the paper highlights a series of important issues to explore in future research.

Isoprene and Rubber. XVII. The Fractionation of Balata

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
H. Staudinger ◽  
H. F. Bondy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract On the basis of earlier experiments with synthetic materials, compounds of high molecular weight are not composed of a single substance, but consist of a mixture of homologous polymers. The individual members of a polymeric homologous series differ very little in physical and chemical properties, and therefore a mixture of polymeric homologous products such as is obtained in the polymerization of the monomer cannot as a rule be decomposed into simple compounds by means of solvents, but merely into mixtures of products of low and high molecular weight. Such separations have been carried out, for example, in the case of polyvinylace-tates, polystyrols, polyindenes, polyanetholes, and polyethyleneoxides. On the basis of these experiments it was assumed that natural products of high molecular weight likewise consist of a mixture of polymeric homologs. Thus purified rubber, for example, according to our views is not such a completely homogeneous hydrocarbon that all the molecules have the same length, but consists of a mixture of perhaps 100 or more polymeric homologs. Pummerer's decomposition of rubber into sol,- and gel-rubber, according to our experiments, is due to the fact that rubber consists of easily soluble polyprenes and difficultly soluble polyprenes, all belonging to the same polymeric homologous series. Of course there is the possibility that, in forming compounds of high molecular weight, nature produced primary molecules of uniform size, and that the mixture of polymeric homologs was formed only later through decomposition. In that case the natural products would differ in constitution from the synthetic material. They would not be polymerically uniform but completely uniform compounds in the sense of classical organic chemistry. The fact that in life processes methods are possible which we cannot realize in the laboratory is well known. Such a finding would not, of course, contradict our former view that natural products, such as rubber and balata, are of high molecular weight in the sense of classical structural chemistry. Our former work has indicated a similar structure for rubber and gutta-percha. Here it is simply a question whether or not the macromolecules of these natural products have a uniform length. In order to reach a decision, we first of all investigated balata, since it is prepared pure more easily than rubber. It was made from balata latex which was supplied to us through the courtesy of the management of the Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke, Nordenham." The balata thus obtained is a flocculent, cellulose-like mass, which looks like gutta-percha and crystallizes like it.

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