scholarly journals Prognosis of the technical condition of masonry walls in residential buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 027-032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Nowogońska
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Computational Procedures ◽  
Periodic Inspections

The basis for diagnosis of technical buildings includes information collected by the measurement system and generated by suitable computational procedures. In the case of residential buildings, the parameter describing the symptoms of efficiency / inefficiency of components of a building is defined as the degree of wear, determined during periodic inspections. The degrees of wear of components of a building performed in the same technology. i.e. similar structure-strength systems, and with similar materials are the key figures in the prediction of the reliability of a building.The article presents the methodology of predicting operational reliability of masonry walls. The predictions of the degree of wear for walls, described with the Rayleigh distribution function, have been verified with the assessment of the technical condition of buildings in Zielona Góra.

scholarly journals Value of Technical Wear and Costs of Restoring Performance Characteristics to Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Nowogońska ◽  
Jacek Korentz
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Each building, over the course of subsequent years of use, undergoes wear, with a deterioration of its technical condition. As a result of this, the performance characteristics of a building decrease with the passing of time, with their complete or partial restoration requiring repair and renovation works to be carried out. It is the task of real estate managers or owners to maintain the building in a non-deteriorating technical and functional condition. In order to preserve the technical and functional condition of a building at an adequate level, methodological support of decision-making processes pertaining to the conducting of rational maintenance management is necessary. The present article presents a proposal of a model allowing for the accurate assessment of the costs of renovation and repair works on a building at a given stage of its use, and their relationship with the value of the technical wear of the building in the same time period. Residential buildings constructed using traditional technology were subjected to analysis. In the carried out analysis, temporal methods applied for calculating the level of technical wear were applied, with the PRRD (prediction of reliability according to Rayleigh distribution) model of changes in the performance characteristics applied to determine the costs of renovation works necessary for restoring performance characteristics to the building.

scholarly journals Reliability of water fittings in operating conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Alexander Svintsov ◽  
Evgeniy Alekseev ◽  
Svetlana Shambina ◽  
Roman Fediuk ◽  
Vladislav Fominov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Random Coincidence ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Residential Neighborhood

Water fittings are an integral part of the internal water supply system. The reliability of their work under operating conditions largely influence on the continuity of water supply to the population. The reliability indicators of sanitary fittings allow the services responsible for the technical condition of the indoor water supply of houses to pay priority attention to the factors that determine the uninterrupted water supply of the population and reduce the loss of drinking water. In this study, the results of indicators of operational reliability of faucets for sinks in kitchens and washbasins in toilet rooms of apartments of multi-store residential buildings in a residential neighborhood are presented. The study was performed based on the analysis of records in the logs of data on valve failures for 2016-2018. The main malfunctions are established, the random coincidence of which leads to failures. The reliability of sanitary fittings is affected not only by their structure and the characteristics of the materials, as well as by the exploitation conditions. The probability of failure-free operation of sanitary fittings in exploitation conditions for a time not exceeding the duration of the reduction of water supply to consumers in residential buildings is the basic parameter of its reliability.

scholarly journals Correlation between Defects and Technical Wear of Materials Used in Traditional Construction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2482
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Mariusz Rejment
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measurable Property

The degree of technical wear of old buildings, which are made of basic materials (cement, concrete, steel, timber, plaster, brick) using traditional technology, is expressed by the size and intensity of damage to their elements. The topic of the research concerns old residential buildings from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, which are located in the downtown district of Wroclaw, Poland. The descriptive analysis and the analysis of the definitions of defects that occur in the elements of residential buildings, which were performed as random analyzes, do not allow defects to be considered as measurable variables at a level of visual investigation. The major drawback of the method that is used by experts when assessing the technical condition of civil engineering buildings is that it does not numerically express the magnitude (strength) of the defects. Therefore, an attempt was made to numerically express the relationship (if such a relationship exists) between the occurred defects of buildings and the extent of their technical wear process. When calculating the strength of this relationship, the method of determining the point biserial correlation coefficient for the measurable property and the dichotomous property was used. It was found that the direction of the relation is right-hand for all the tested building elements, but the strength of the correlation between the detected defects and technical wear shows a considerable span and depends on the conditions of the apartment house’s maintenance. As a rule, damage caused by water penetration and moisture penetration always shows correlations of at least moderate strength.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

Assessment of technical condition of high-voltage overhead power transmission lines at the stage of their ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
E. M. Farhadzadeh ◽  
A. Z. Muradalyiev ◽  
S. A. Muradalyiev ◽  
A. A. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Power Transmission Lines ◽  
Nonlinear Growth ◽  
Overhead Power Transmission Lines

The organization of operation, maintenance and repair of the basic technological facilities of electric power systems (EPS), which are beyond their designed service life (hereinafter referred to as ageing facilities, or AFs) is one of the problems that determine the energy security of many countries, including economically developed nations. The principal cause of insufficient overall performance of AFs is the traditional focus of the EPS management on economic efficiency and the insufficient attention to reliability and safety of AFs. The tendency to nonlinear growth in the frequency of occurrence of unacceptable consequences in the EPS requires ensuring the operational reliability and safety of AFs. The averaged estimates of reliability and safety used at designing power facilities are not suitable for characterization of overall operational performance. Among the basic and the least investigated (in terms of operational reliability and safety) EPS facilities are overhead power transmission lines (OPL) with a voltage of 110 кV and above. This is for a reason. OPL are electric power facilities with elements distributed along a multi-kilometer line (supports, insulators, wires, accessories, etc.). That is what makes the organization of continuous monitoring of the technical condition of each of these elements, and, consequently, the assessment of operational reliability and safety, so problematic. A method is suggested for assessment of “weak links” among the operated OPL on operative intervals of time along with a method for assessment of the technical condition of OPL at examination of a representative sample.

scholarly journals The method for increasing the efficiency of equipment’s maintenance in railway traction power supply systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Matusevych ◽  
Valeriy Kuznetsov ◽  
Viktor SYCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Traction Substations ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Traction Power Supply ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Traction Power

Purpose. To develop the method for increasing the efficiency of the equipment’s maintenance and repair system, ensuring necessary level of operational reliability of the equipment, safety and reliability of the electric equipment with minimal expenses on operation. Relevance. Aging of the power equipment in railway power supply systems sharply raised a need for assessment of its states and degree of risk for operation outside rated service life. In critical conditions of technological processes and operational modes of the railways it is necessary to increase the equipment’s operational reliability. The scheduled maintenance and repair system whose main technical and economic criterion is the minimum of equipment’s downtimes on the basis of a rigid regulation of repair cycles, in the conditions of market regulations in the field of repair in many cases does not provide the optimal decisions due to insufficient financing. The solution of this problem is possible by improvement of the maintenance and repair system. Under these conditions the main direction for supporting the operational reliability of power electric equipment on TS is a development of the modern methods based on individual supervision over real changes of technical condition of power equipment. Scientific novelty. In this article the authors proposed an integrated approach, on the basis of which can be developed the effective maintenance and repair system for traction power supply systems. Proposed approach allowed to react quickly to changes of service conditions on traction substations, to control the technical condition of power electric equipment under the conditions of uncertainty, to establish interrelation between quality of service and operational reliability of the equipment, to choose a service strategy on traction substations. Practical importance. The validity of the developed method was confirmed by the results of calculations and practically by choosing the optimal maintenance's option for transformer TDTN-25000/150-70 U1 (ТДТН-25000/150-70 У1) on traction power supply substation.

Assessment of the technical condition of mines with mechanical fuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adam Kubecki ◽  
Cezary Śliwiński ◽  
Janusz Śliwiński ◽  
Ireneusz Lubach ◽  
Leszek Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Precise Adjustment ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Materials Used

Contemporary armed conflicts reveal that the use of effective mine barriers has a significant impact on the course of hostilities. Therefore, the Polish Armed Forces selected reliable and effective explosive ordnance as a priority, both newly-acquired material and those currently in operation. For this reason, among others, strict supervision over the technical condition of mines is exercised, in particular during their long-term storage. The reasons behind the increased mine unreliability may include physical and chemical changes in the construction materials used (corrosion, deformations, loss of strength properties), deterioration of the physicochemical properties of the main charge, booster and primer-detonator, inadequate technical condition of the safety components, or the failure of mine fuse mechanisms. In order to assess the mine's operational reliability, each mine fuse subassembly is examined and then a check of the entire assembled mine is performed. This requires proper planning of the full test cycle and the use of inspected and calibrated measuring devices and test stands enabling the precise adjustment of mechanical and climatic stress parameters.

scholarly journals Diagnoses in the Aging Process of Residential Buildings Constructed Using Traditional Technology

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Nowogońska
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Targeted Approach

The perspective of maintaining residential buildings in adequate technical condition is one of the most important problems over the course of their service life. The aim of the work is to present issues connected with the methods of predicting the process of changes in performance characteristics over the entire period that a building, constructed using traditional technology, is operational. Identification of the technical situation consists of a prognosis based on the analytical form of the distribution function and probability density of building usability. The technical condition of a building results from its past, while familiarity with the condition is necessary to determine how the building will behave in the future. The presented predictive diagnostics of the performance characteristics of an entire building and its elements is an original methodology of describing the lifespan of a building. In addition to identifying the technical condition, its aim is also to aid in making decisions regarding maintenance works. The developed model of predicting changes in the performance characteristics of buildings, the Prediction of Reliability according to Exponentials Distribution (PRED), is based on the principles applied for technical devices. The model is characterized by significant limitations in its application due to the negligible influence of wear processes. In connection with the above, the Prediction of Reliability according to Raleigh Distribution (PRDD) was developed, where the carried-out processes of changes in the performance characteristics are described using Rayleigh’s distribution, and the building is a multi-element system. Model development would be incomplete without subjecting it to verification. Predicting the degree of the technical wear of load-bearing walls of a building is a form of checking the proposed PRED and PRRD models on the basis of data derived from periodical inspections of the research material. The developed model of the time distribution of the proper functioning of a building, presented as an image of the forecast of changes in the technical condition, can be applied to solving problems occurring in practice. The targeted approach to predicting the occurrence of damage will allow for optimal planning of maintenance works in buildings during their entire service life.

scholarly journals Analysis of repair works to remove the effects of structural failure after a gas explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bąk ◽  
Ryszard Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Gas Explosion ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Construction Works

The article presents the issues of repair works in a multi-family residential building, whose structural and non – structural elements have been damaged and destroyed by a gas explosion and the fire. Gas explosions in residential buildings constitute a small percentage of the total number of building disasters, however, due to the relatively large number of injured people, these incidents are very dangerous [1]. Moreover, the gas explosion often leads to significant material losses and fatalities. Proper assessment of the load-bearing structure after such incident requires an extensive knowledge of the behaviour of structures. The first authority, that issues a decision regarding further use is Construction Supervision Inspector. Until the demolition of the object is ordered, the next step is to provide expert report made by an authorized construction expert, whose aim is to assess the technical condition of the elements of the structure and to determine the scope of necessary repair works. Construction expert, who give such opinion during the assessment of objects immediately after such incident, often has limited access to structural elements, moreover these elements often are covered. Hence, the recommendations contained in these reports often do not include all of required construction works.

The Effects of Strengthening the AAC Walls Using Glass Mesh Arranged in Different Configurations

2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 442-449
Author(s):  
Marta Kałuża ◽  
Jan Kubica
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
External Strengthening ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Aerated Concrete

The usage of AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) blocks for the construction of new masonry structures, particularly low-rise residential buildings, has become very popular in Poland. It provides an uncomplicated erecting method, which is characterized by thin bed joints and unfilled head joins, but at the same time, makes these walls very sensitive to any internal tensile stresses, causing damage with varying intensity. To avoid premature cracking, leading to a brittle failure of existing walls, an external strengthening can be an acceptable and effective solution. Taking into account that AAC units are a natural material, the application of a FRCM system (instead of FRP) is more suitable here. This system uses a mineral-based matrix that provides congenial compatibility with a masonry substrate.This study presents an analysis of the influence of superficial strengthening on the behaviour and deformability of masonry walls made of AAC blocks. A typical glass mesh (most often used in thin external plastering) and mineral mortar dedicated to renovation works are used as strengthening materials. The specimens are strengthened unilaterally (two types) or bilaterally and are subjected to diagonal compression according to the RILEM 76-LUM standard. The consecutive work stages, shear strains and modes of failure are described and discussed.

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