scholarly journals KAJIAN WARNA DAN CORAK BULU PADA BURUNG WERIS DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU SULAWESI UTARA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Bayu A. Sinyo ◽  
L. Lambey ◽  
F. Kairupan ◽  
J. Keintjem
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Key Characters

ABSTRACT STUDY ON FEATHER PATTERN AND COLORS OF “WERIS” BIRDS IN CITY OF KOTAMOBAGU. Mandar bird (Gallirallus) which in local language known as Weris (Minahasa), and Boruit (Kotamobagu) is a bird in the family Rallidae, are a family of birds that have small to medium body size. General habitat of this bird species is swamp, near a river or lake. Weris birds generally breed in densely vegetated areas According Rusila (1994). Identify an issue in the study is the identification of colors and feather patterns, two species weris birds that exist in Kotamobagus (North Sulawesi). The purpose of this study was to obtain date on the diversity of colors and patterns that exist in weris birds of Kotamobagu,Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi. The expected benefits of this research is to provide information on the identification of plumage color and pattern weris birds, useful breeding process.Weris birds in Indonesia consists of several types, based on the results of research conducted in Kotamobagu Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi weris got 2 different types of birds that Gallirallus Philipensis and Gallirallus torquatus. Both types of weris birds have different key characters can be seen from theoutside or exterior appearance, that is the difference of colors and patterns. Key words : Weris Birds, Color, and Patterns

scholarly journals MORFOMETRI BURUNG WERIS Gallirallus philippensis dan BURUNG WERIS Gallirallus torquatus DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU SULAWESI UTARA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Stewart S Koyong ◽  
H R Wungouw ◽  
L Lambey ◽  
S Laatung
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Mandar bird ( Gallirallus ) or in Minahasa called with less weris bird has long been known by the people of North Sulawesi , Minahasa and especially the City of Kotamobagu. Is a bird in the family Rallidae family of birds that have a small to medium body size. General habitat of this bird is close river swamp or lake . Weris birds usually breed in thrive densely vegetated areas by Rusila (1994 ) . Identify the problem at least some information about morphometric characteristics some species of weris bird. In North Sulawesi city of Kotamobagu the purpose of this study was to obtain data morphometric characteristics of weris birds in the city of Kotamobagu. The expected benefits of the research , provide information about morphometric charaeteristics of weris birds , which is useful in the breeding process . Based on the results of research conducted in the City of Kotamobagu Bolaang Mongondo North Sulawesi , found 2 different types of weris birds that Gallirallus philippensis and Gallirallus torquatus . Of the two types of birds have different characters that can be seen from the outside or exterior appearance , and also can be seen from the size where Gallirallus philippensis have a smaller size compared to Gallirallus torquatus. . Keywords : bird weris , Morfomertri .  

scholarly journals PRODUKSI DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN MAGGOT (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA TUMBUH BERBEDA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falicia A Katayane ◽  
B Bagau ◽  
F R Wolayan ◽  
M R Imbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Process Observation ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACT PRODUCTION AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MAGGOT (HERMETIA ILLUCENS)USING DIFFERENT GROWTH MEDIA. Mandar bird (Gallirallus) called “weris” bird in North Sulawesi, had been generally known in Minahasa and Kotamobagu areas. Bird in the family of the Rallidae have a small to medium body size. The purpose of this study was to obtain the morphometric characteristics of weris birds in the areas of Kotamobagu. The expected benefit of this study was to provide information about morphometric charaeteristics of weris birds, which is useful in the breeding process. Observation was focused on general habitat of this bird closed to river swamp or lake. Weris birds usually breed in thrive densely vegetation areas. Identification of the characteristics was following the morphometric characteristics of some species of weris bird found around areas Kotamobagu. Based on the results of study conducted in the areas of Kotamobagu North Sulawesi, it was found that there were two different types of weris birds consisted of the species of Gallirallus philippensis and species of Gallirallus torquatus . These two types of birds have different characteristics that can be seen from the outside or exterior appearance, and also can be seen from the size. The species of Gallirallus philippensis has smaller body size compared to species of Gallirallus torquatus. Keywords : Weris bird, Morfomertric characteristics. Kotamobagu Areas.

scholarly journals Inventory of Fish Species and Local Fishermen Profile in Tagulandang Island, Sitaro District of North Sulawesi Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Meikel A Marthin ◽  
Rose O. S. E. Mantiri ◽  
Jan F. W. S. Tamanampo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Family Life ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Key Words Fish

This research was carried out on July-August 2016 in the villages of Apengsala, Mohongsawang and Balehumara in SITARO District of North Sulawesi Province. It aims to make inventory of fish species, record the number of the fish caught, and get the local fishermen profile. Samples were bought from local fishermen who just returned from fishing areas in the traditional fish market “Burias”. The data of fishermen profile and fishing gears were retrieved from 30 respondents of Apengsala, Mohongsawang and Balehumara fishermen. Based on the results of the identification, interviewing and questionnaire filling, the conclusions are as follows: 1) there are 23 species of fish usually captured by local fishermen. 2.) there are 5 types of fishing gears often used by fishermen :  Spear gun (Jubi),  “ Darape” net (soma darape), traps (bubu), “Rawai” Rod (pancing rawai) and “Cang” net (soma cang). 3.) The average age and the length of fishing profession from 30 respondents data, ranges from 27-60 years old and 4-41 years of profession (Apengsala) ; 32-50 years old and 9-31 years of  profession (Mohongsawang) ; and 20-65 years old and 1-41 years of profession (Balehumara). Only 1 respondens who is not married yet, mostly finished their study until elementary school, and only 9 respondents have odd jobs. Local fishermen can still meet the needs of the family life with a dependent varied with 3-7 person/family.   Key Words: Fish, Fishermen In Profile, Tagulandang.   Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2016 di Desa Apengsala, Desa Mohongsawang dan Desa Balehumara Pulau Tagulandang Kabupaten SITARO Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis ikan hasil tangkapan,  mendata jumlah ikan hasil tangkapan dan alat penangkapan ikan, dan mendapatkan profil nelayan Pulau Tagulandang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tempat pendaratan ikan pasar tradisional Burias. Sampel yang diambil merupakan ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang baru saja kembali dari melakukan kegiatan penangkapan.  Pengambilan data profil nelayan dan jenis alat tangkap diambil dari 30 responden dari ketiga desa. Bedasarkan hasil identifikasi, wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner pada nelayan Pulau Tagulandang, kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah sebagai berikut : 1). Ada 23 Jenis ikan yang sering ditangkap oleh nelayan Pulau Tagulandang. 2). Terdapat 5 jenis alat tangkap yang sering digunakan oleh nelayan Pulau  Tagulandang, yakni Spear gun (jubi), soma darape, bubu, pancing rawai dan soma cang. 3). Berdasarkan data dari 30 responden,  rata-rata usia dan lamanya berprofesi sebagai nelayan : usia 27-60 tahun dan 4-41 tahun profesi (Desa Apengsala) ; 32-50 tahun, 9-31 tahun (Desa Mohongsawang) ;  20-65 tahun, 1-41 tahun (Desa Balehumara). Hanya 1 responden yang belum kawin, mayoritas hanya mampu tamat sekolah dasar,  dan hanya 9 responden yang memiliki pekerjaan sambilan. Adapun dari penghasilan dan pengeluaran, nelayan masih dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga dengan tanggungan yang berkisar 3-7 orang/keluarga. Kata Kunci : Ikan, Profil Nelayan, Tagulandang. 1Mahasiswa Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK UNSRAT 2Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi.

scholarly journals Kerelaan Berbagi dan Keberanian Berbeda Perubahan Identitas Priyayi dalam Dwilogi Para Priyayi Karya Umar Kayam

ATAVISME ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Pujiharto Pujiharto
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Class A ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana dua elemen budaya Jawa, yaitu kerelaan berbagi dan keberanian berbeda mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu. Upaya itu dilakukan dengan menganalisis dwilogi novel Para Priyayi dan Jalan Menikung karya Umar Kayam. Un tuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan konsep-konsep yang dikemukakan oleh Kayam sendiri dalam menciptakan novel-novelnya. Selain itu, digunakan juga konsep model of dan model for yang dikemukakan oleh Clifford Geertz dalam menginterpretasikan kebudayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam dwilogi karya Umar Kayam nilai kerelaan berbagi diwujudkan dalam berbagai relasi, baik relasi antaranggota keluarga maupun relasi sosial dari waktu ke waktu. Berbeda dengan nilai tersebut, nilai keberanian berbeda sulit diwujudkan dalam berbagai relasi, baik relasi antar anggota keluarga maupun relasi sosial. Kesulitan itu terjadi karena ada perbedaan kelas sosial, perbedaan orientasi dalam beragama Islam, perbedaan pandangan tentang kesempatan bagi wong cilik untuk mengenyam pendidikan, perbedaan agama, perbedaan orientasi politik di dalam dua novel tersebut. Namun, dalam hal perbedaan kelas sosial dan perbedaan agama tidak selamanya berani berbeda itu tidak bisa bersama. Abstract: This research aims to interpret how two elements of Javanese culture, those are a willingness to divisible and bravery to difference change from time to time. That effort has done with analyze Umar Kayams novel Para Priyayi and Jalan Men Kung. This reasearch uses Kayams concepts in the creative process. Besides that, is used the model of and model for concepts from Clifford Geertz in the interpretation of culture. The result of this research shows that in Kayams novel values of willingness to divisible shown in the relation between members of the family or social relationship, from time to time. Different from a willingness to divisible, values of bravery to difference difficult to show in relation between members of the family or social relationship. The difficulties are happened because be found the difference of social class, a difference of orientation in Islam as religion, a difference of view about the opportunity for wong cilik to access education, difference of religion, difference of political orientation. Nevertheless, in the difference of social class and difference of religion is not forever bravery of difference is cant together. Key Words: willingness to divisible, bravery to difference, model of, model for

Artificial Hybrids Between Amur Pike, Esox reicherti, and North American Esocids

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2338-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Crossman ◽  
James W. Meade
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North American ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Esox Masquinongy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Potential Maximum

Artificial hybrids between Esox reicherti, the only species in the family Esocidae that does not occur naturally in North America, and North American esocids were developed. Five of a possible 10 crosses are described in detail. Three crosses failed (those involving the males of E. niger and E. americanus) for reasons other than methodology, the cross involving females of E. americanus americanus was not made, and a fifth cross involving the male of E. masquinongy was successful but no data are included. Interspecies fertility was suprisingly high, and an inverse relationship existed between survival of crosses and the difference in potential maximum size of parent species. At least one cross was fertile, and an F2 generation and backcrosses were developed. Key words: artificial hybrids. Esocidae, Esox reicherti, Esox masquinongy, Esox lucius, Esox niger, Esox americanus

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI OBYEK EKOWISATA DESA BONTO MASUNGGU, KECAMATAN TELLU LIMPOE, KABUPATEN BONE

PERENNIAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Risma Illa Maulany ◽  
Andi Utami Batari Putri ◽  
Amran Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Iucn Categories ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Village ◽  
Potential Object

The village of Bonto Masunggu is one of the villages in Tellu Limpoe District, Bone Regency. This research aims to know the potential object of ecotourism, cultural and biophysical data in the form of community in the village of Bonto Tellu Limpoe, Kecamatan Masunggu, Kabupaten Bone. There are two locations namely lane Waterfall Showdown-Showdown and the Waterfall Poko ' Pinjeng. The observed variables i.e. biological potential (flora and fauna), the potential physical and cultural community in the village of Bonto Tellu Limpoe, Kecamatan Masunggu, Kabupaten Bone. The first location is the path of the waterfall a showdown-Showdown that has high 24.9 meters and width of 18.3 meters. There are different types of Bitti (Vitex coffasus) valued economic and trade and bird species endemic to Sulawesi Thrush (Geomalia heinrichi) geomalia is included in the list of the IUCN category (NT) and the Sulawesi Hornbill (Aceros cassidix) is endemic to sulawesi at once included in the list of protected IUCN categories (VU). The second location is the path of the waterfall Poko ' Pinjeng have 41 meters and a width of 43 metres. Terapat 21 species of birds including Kring-kring yellow chest (Prioniturus flavicans) is endemic to Sulawesi which includes list of IUCN categories (NT). Key words: the potential object of ecotourism, Camping ground, Waterfall, Sapi-sapiria cave

The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definite Articles

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language

التفسير الموضوعي للقرآن الكريم: مجالاته ومنهجية البحث فيه (Thematic Interpretation of the Qur’Én: Its Scopes & Methodology), (TafsÊr MauÌË‘Ê: Aspek-aspek dan Metodologi Kajian)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
فتحي بن جمعة أحمد
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Thematic Unity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Area

ملخص البحث تعدّ هذه المحاولة في دراسة مجالات التفسير الموضوعي ومنهجية البحث فيه  مفتاحا لبعض القضايا المتعلقة بالموضوع، ومدخلا لدراسة التفسير الموضوعي يسهل على طلاب العلم والباحثين فهم كلام الله، وتدبر معانيه، والاهتداء به، والقيام ببحوث تطبيقية في مجالات التفسير الموضوعي. فقد بينت أن مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي أربعة وهي البحث في المصطلح، والموضوع، والمحاور، والوحدة الموضوعيّة في السورة القرآنيّة. وقد أكدت أن البحث في محاور القرآن الكريم من مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي التي لم تحظَ باهتمام الباحثين، ثم توسعت في سوق الأدلة والبراهين الدالة على أن الوحدة الموضوعية للسورة القرآنيّة مجال أساس من مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي الذي لا ينبغي إغفاله، وإهمال شأنه. ثم بحثت في موضوع منهجيّة البحث في التفسير الموضوعي، ونظراً للخلط أوالاضطراب الذي بدا لدى بعض الباحثين في هذا الصدد، وضحت المقدمات المنهجيّة العامة الضرورية للبحث في التفسير الموضوعي ثم حاولت رسم الإطار التصوري والمنهجي العام والضوابط الأساسية التي يجب أن يتبعها الباحث إذا أراد الكتابة في التفسير الموضوعي. ثم بيّنت الخطوات الأساسيّة للبحث في التفسير الموضوعي ومنها حرية الباحث في اختيار موضوع بحثه والاطلاع على أكبر عدد ممكن من التفاسير بمختلف أنواعها مع الاستفادة من التراث البشري في حقول المعرفة المتنوعة على أن تكون الهيمنة للقرآن أولا وأخيرا على الكتب الأخرى والنظريات البشرية. الكلمات الرئيسة: القرآن، تفسير، موضوعي، مجالات، منهج. Abstract This article is an attempt to address the issue of the scopes and research methodology in the thematic commentary of the Holy Qur’Én. It could be considered as an introductory work for students and researchers who are interested in this field of research which will help them develop a good understanding of the meanings and teachings of the Qur’Én and its application to the real life. It may also help them undertake case studies and research in the field of thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. It has been explained in the article that the scope of the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én includes four areas; i.e. the concept, the topic, the central themes and the thematic unity of the SËrah/Chapter. The article gives a special emphasis on the study of the Qur’Énic central themes as it was overlooked by some researchers. It also provides a systematic investigation on the thematic unity of the SËrah/Chapter and considers it a significant area of research in the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. The article also addresses the issue of the research methodology in the field of the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. In this regard, the author highlights the principles, conditions and framework for undertaking research projects in this field of study and explains the major steps that should be followed in the execution of the research. These steps include freedom of choosing the research topic, freedom of benefitting from different types of tafsÊr (interpretation of the Qur’Én) works and schools and benefitting from the human heritage in different fields of knowledge, provided that the Qur’Én should have controlling power on other books and human theories.   Key Words: The Qur’Én, TafsÊr, Thematic, Scopes, Methodology. Abstrak Artikel ini ialah satu percubaan menangani isu  skop dan metodologi penyelidikan dalam tafsiran Al-Qur’Én Holy mengikut tema. Ia boleh dianggap sebagai satu kajian permulaan untuk pelajar-pelajar dan sarjana-sarjana yang meminati bidang ini penyelidikan yang akan membantu mereka merangka satu pemahaman yang baik tentang makna-makna dan ajaran-ajaran Qur’Én dan perlaksanaannya dalam kehidupan sebenar. Ia mungkin juga  dapat membantu mereka menjalankan kajian kes dalam bidang penyelidikan tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut tema. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan  skop tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut  tema ini merangkumi empat bidang:  konsep tafsiran mengikut tema, topiknya, tema-tema kecil dan tema umum Surah Al-Qur’Én. Artikel ini memberi satu penekanan khas pada kajian tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut  tema kerana ia agak kurang mendapat perhatian beberapa penyelidik. Ia juga menampilkan satu kajian sistematik pada pemahaman tema Surah dalam Al-Qur’Én dan menganggapnya satu bidang penyelidikan penting dalam kajian tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut tema. Artikel juga memberikan perhatian kepada bidang metodologi penyelidikan terhadap usaha tafsiran Al-Qur’Én secara bertema. Dalam hal ini, pengkaji akan menonjolkan prinsip-prinsip, syarat-syarat dan rangka kerja untuk projek-projek projek penyelidikan dalam lapangan ini dan menerangkan langkah-langkah utama yang harus diikuti dalam pelaksanaan penyelidikan yang berkenaan. Lang-langkah ini termasuk kebebasan memilih tajuk penyelidikan, kebebasan dalam mengambil  manfaat daripada jenis-jenis tafsiran Qur’Én yang berbeza serta sekolah-sekolah pemikiran yang berbeza dalam aliran tafsir serta rangka bagaimana memanfaatkan warisan tamadun manusia berlandaskan ajaran Al-Qur’Én. Kata Kunci: Al-Qur’Én, TafsÊr, Tema, Bidang-bidang, Metodologi.

Effect of the principle of proportionality in deciding whether to dismiss from position of judge

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Olga Yavorska
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Judicial Protection

The article deals with violations, which are often grounds for bringing disciplinary liability of judges, as well as the enforcement of them in the form of a petition for the dismissal from position of judge. A special place in the system of legal responsibility of a judge is taken by the institute of disciplinary responsibility, the essence of which lies in the possibility of applying by a specially authorized body to an individual bearer of judicial power - judges of legal sanctions, directly provided by law, for violations in the sphere of professional activity. The institute of disciplinary responsibility is considered, the purpose of which is to solve social problems in the interests of implementing and maintaining the necessary level of efficiency of the system of judicial protection as a necessary guarantee of the protection of rights, interests and freedoms of people. The analysis of grounds for disciplinary liability of a judge and types of disciplinary punishment has been carried out. The obligatory signs of disciplinary violations that are the cause of prosecution are analyzed. It is considered about the application of the principle of proportionality to disciplinary authorities in determining the type of collection. The practice of applying the principle of proportionality of disciplinary organs in case of imposition of penalties and violation of the question of ambiguity of such practice is analyzed. The article states that with qualitatively similar offenses committed by different judges, the disciplinary bodies chose one type of collection, but in different proportions. The method of determining the principle of proportionality in differentiating the choice of terms in this type of collection for actually such mistakes seems unclear. Moreover, the use of the same principle in choosing different types of charges for virtually identical disciplinary offenses is unclear, in particular, when the repeat offense is a feature. Key words: disciplinary responsibility of a judge, principle of proportionality, disciplinary offenses, penalties, dismissal from position of judge.

Anacroneuria spp. (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae) as paratenic hosts of Pheromermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Venezuela

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribet Gamboa ◽  
Maria Mercedes Castillo ◽  
Ricardo Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

Nematodes of the family Mermithidae are known as endoparasites of freshwater arthropods. Juveniles of Pheromermis sp. (Mermithidae) were found coiled inside stonefly nymphs collected at seven sites in the Guare and Emilia rivers in northern Venezuela. Prevalence in Anacroneuria blanca was 93.2% () and in A. caraca was 91.5% (). In A. blanca, a higher number of juveniles per individual host was observed than in A. caraca, a fact that is probably related to body size. Although parasites were observed in all body regions, the highest incidence occurred in the legs and thorax. Considering the nematode prevalence and intensity of parasitism, we consider individuals of Anacroneuria spp. to be important hosts of Pheromermis in these rivers.

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