scholarly journals PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP KERAGAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Juneidid S. Togelang ◽  
D. A. Kaligis ◽  
F. Dompas ◽  
N. Bawoleh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SHADING LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE AND CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT OF Brachiaria humidicola. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of shading and nitrogen on the performance and nitrogen content of B. Humidicola. The treatment were consisted of four levels of nitrogen in from of urea fertilizer: P1 = 0 kg/Ha, P2 = 50 kg/Ha, P3 = 100 kg/Ha, P4 = 150 kg/Ha, and three levels of shading: N1 = 0%, N2 = 40% dan N3 = 70%. Treatmens   was arranged in infactorial based on ramdomized block design (RBD). Date was analysis by using Minitab Version 11, and followed with Turkey Simultaneous Test, to determined the different among treatments, from analysis of variance. The result showed the higher number of tiller was found at the interaction of P3N1, P4N1, P2N2 and P3N2, with significantly different compared to the other interactions. Furthermore, analysis of varians showed the interaction of the treatments were effected significantly on the content of crude protein (P < 0,05) where the interaction of N1P4 has the crude protein content 9,74% significantly higher (P < 0,05) compared to other interactions. On the other hand the interaction of the treatments was not effected significantly (P < 0,05) on the leaf: steam ratio. Based on the result of this experiment it can be concluded that B. humidicola responsive to nitrogen farilizer up to 100 kg urea/Ha to provide optimal performance and crude protein content under shade of 40%. Keywords: Nitrogen, Shading Performance, Crude Protein, humidicola.

Milk production from cows grazing on tropical grass pastures. 1. Effects of stocking rate and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture and diet

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
RT Cowan ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

A 3-year experiment was conducted at Kairi Research Station on the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, to determine the effects of stocking rate and applied nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture yield and composition, diet selection by cows, and soil fertility of Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. Thirty-two Friesian cows were used in a 4x2 factorial design: four stocking rates (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 cows/ha), each at two rates of fertilizer application 200 and 400 kg N/ha.year. The higher rate of fertilization increased the pasture green dry matter on offer at all samplings (P < 0.01); the increase ranged from 1 106 kg/ha in summer to 548 kg/ha in spring. Green dry matter decreased ( P< 0.0 1) with increasing stocking rate, with mean yields of 3736 and 2384 kg/ha at 2.0 and 3.5 cows/ha, respectively. Weed yields increased over the 3 years at the higher stocking rates for pastures receiving 200 kg N/ha.year. The crude protein content of leaf and stem increased with increasing stocking rate and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Values ranged from 12.1 to 26.5% of dry matter (DM) in leaf and from 3.7 to 13.8% DM in stem. In leaf, sodium concentration (range 0.05-0.20% DM) was increased, while phosphorus concentration (range 0.21-0.44% DM) was decreased by the higher rate of fertilizer application. Plant sodium and phosphorus levels were inadequate for high levels of milk production. Dietary leaf content and crude protein contents were consistently increased by both a reduced stocking rate, and the higher rate of fertilization. Cows were able to select for leaf and at the lowest stocking rate, leaf in the diet averaged 38%; while the leaf content of the pasture was 20%. Dietary leaf content ranged from 38 to 57% in summer and from 11 to 36% in winter. Dietary crude protein ranged from 13 to 15% in summer and from 7 to 11% in winter and was positively correlated with pasture crude protein content and dietary leaf percentage. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) from an overall mean of 6.3 in 1976 to 6.1 at 200 N and 5.8 at 400 N in 1979. Soil phosphorus status remained stable, while calcium and magnesium levels were lower (P<0.01) after 3 years.

The effect of crude protein content of the supplement on the response to level of supplementation for dairy cows with ad libitum access to grass silage

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 24-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses

There is now a considerable volume of evidence to indicate that, with high quality, grass silage-based diets, good animal performance can be achieved by offering supplements of high crude protein content at much lower levels than would be required with conventional supplements. Given the current constraint on milk output at farm level, there is considerable interest in lower cost milk production systems and high protein supplements would appear to have a role to play in this context. However, there is little information available which enables prediction of milk yield responses to increasing levels of supplements of differing protein content. The objective of this study was to determine response curves to supplements of differing protein content, given in addition to grass silage, thereby facilitating a least-cost diet type approach to achieving a given level of milk output.Concentrates containing either 100, 220, 340 or 460 g crude protein (CP)/kg fresh weight were offered to 72 autumn-calving dairy cows from day 14 of lactation, with each concentrate offered at four levels of feeding.

The apparent digestibility of crude protein by the ruminant: IV. The effect of crude fibre

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
M. H. French
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
General Equation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Modified Equation

The role of crude fibre in modifying the general equation relating the digestibility coefficient of crude protein to the percentage of crude protein in the dry matter of a feed is described.It is shown that for normal average food-stuffs the effect is slight and that for all practical routine purposes the original equation will provide satisfactory estimates of the digestibility coefficient when only the crude-protein content of the dry feed is known.On the other hand, when exceptional feeds are encountered, particularly those in which the crudefibre/crude-protein relationship is abnormal, then more accurate estimates of the digestibility coefficient of crude protein can be obtained from the modified equation which is described above.

The performance of laying hens on diets using barley as the main energy source

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Equal Energy

An experiment compared egg production on a diet using a mixture of wheat, barley, and oats as the grain portion, with a diet in which the wheat and oats were replaced with barley. A comparison between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal was included. A second experiment compared the same formulations of barley and mixed grain diets as used in the first experiment, and a mixed grain diet of higher crude protein content. Replacing wheat and oats with barley in an otherwise unchanged diet did not significantly affect the number of eggs produced but did increase the average egg weight by 1.1 g in both experiments, significantly so in one experiment, but not in the other. Increasing the crude protein content of the mixed grain diet did not significantly affect either egg production or egg weight. Consumption of the barley diet was greater than the mixed grain diets. This increase in consumption was less than would have been expected on the basis of equal energy intakes, indicating that the metabolizable energy value of the barley used was greater than values previously published for barley. No differences were found in performance between sundried and dehydrated lucerne meal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the availability of mass of forage: morphological responses and chemical composition of Tanzania grass subjected to two pasture-management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gabriel Camilo ◽  
Alberto Magno Fernandes ◽  
Tadeu Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Danielle Ferreira Baffa ◽  
Sarah Ellen Eduardo Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sward Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic traits and chemical composition of Tanzania grass using a fixed rest period or according to light interception at 95%. The treatments consisted of evaluations of two Tanzania-grass pasture-management strategies: (1) LI95 - animals entered the paddocks when the pasture reached 95% of light interception (LI), with three days of paddock occupation; and (2) FR - the pasture was managed with a defoliation interval (DI) of 30 days, and three days of paddock occupation. The experimental area consisted of 4 ha, with 22 paddocks per treatments. Ten recently-calved cows were used per treatment in year 1, and eight cows were used per treatment in year 2. Sward height, forage mass, and morphological components and their chemical composition were evaluated. The management strategies used on the Tanzania grass pasture did not affect pasture mass or height in the pre- and post-grazing conditions, or the proportion of stems. However, the proportion of leaves was greater in the paddocks with 95% light interception. The crude protein content was higher in the paddocks with 95% light interception; the other nutrients were not affected. In conclusion, management adopting 95% light interception does not influence morphogenetic traits. Nevertheless, it promotes an increase in the crude protein content of grasses.

PELLETED COMPLETE GROWER–FINISHER RATIONS FOR LAMBS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577
Author(s):  
R. S. BUSH ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
T. M. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Dairy Heifer ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Duplicate groups of 10 lambs were assigned to each of four dietary treatments. These were (1) pelleted complete feed containing 13% crude protein, (2) pelleted complete feed containing 15% crude protein, (3) mash concentrate containing 13% crude protein to be fed with long timothy hay, and (4) pelleted complete feed formulated to meet the requirements of the growing dairy heifer. The lambs weighed an average of 17.3 and 23.4 kg in the two replicates at the beginning of the experiment and were slaughtered between 41 and 45 kg. Lambs consuming the lower protein complete feed had greater average daily gains and required fewer days to reach market weight than did those consuming concentrate plus long hay. There were no significant differences in the performance of lambs fed the two pelleted complete lamb rations (1 and 2). The pelleted complete heifer ration (4) produced similar average daily gains to the concentrate plus long hay feeding regimen; however, more feed was required to maintain that growth. There were no differences in carcass grade and no significant differences in rib-eye area or fat cover at the pinbone cut. Those lambs consuming the heifer growth had a lower dressing percentage than did any of the other three groups. It was concluded that pelleted complete rations are advantageous in a fattening lamb program both on performance and economic basis and that there was no advantage to increasing the crude protein content of the pelleted complete ration from 13 to 15%.

The effect of protein content of the supplement on the response to level of supplementation with dairy cattle offered grass silage ad libitum

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
C. S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels

Previous studies at this Institute have shown that there is an interaction between level of supplementary feeding and protein content in the supplement. For example, a given milk yield can be obtained by offering supplements of high crude protein content at much lower levels than would be required with conventional supplements. Furthermore, this approach enables a greater reliance on the forage component of the diet, particularly where high quality grass silage is available. The objective of the present large scale study was to determine milk production responses to supplements of differing protein content, given with high quality grass silage, and to examine effects on ration digestibility.The experiment was carried out over a two year period, with a total of 168 autumn-calving British Friesian dairy cows. Supplements containing either 100, 220, 340 or 460 g crude protein (CP)/kg fresh weight were offered from day 14 of lactation. Each supplement was offered at four levels, with 9 animals per treatment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DAN TINGKAT NAUNGAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING, SERAT KASAR DAN ABU RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Salim ◽  
S. D. Anis ◽  
F. Dompas ◽  
W. B. Kaunang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SHADING LEVELS ON DRY MATTER, CRUDE FIBER AND ASH CONTENT OF Brachiaria humidicola. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of fertilizer different level of shading and nitrogen on the crude fiber, dry matter and ash content. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen in from of urea fertilizer : P1 = 0 kg/Ha, P2 = 50 kg/Ha, P3 = 100 kg/Ha, P4 = 150 kg/Ha, and of three levels of shading : N1 = 0%, N2 = 40%, and N3 = 70%. Treatments whe arranged in factorial based on randomized block design (RBD). Data were analysis using Minitab Version 11, and followed by Tukey Simulteneous Test. The highest crude fiber content was in N1P4 coupared to other interactions. The result showed that the effect of Nitrogen fertilizer and shading were no significant on dry matter, ash and crude fiber content of B. humidicola however, the interaction of the two factor were significant only on crude fiber content. It can be concluded that the best condition was on 0% without with 150 kg Nitrogen fertilizer /Ha.   Keyword : nitrogen, shading, dry matter, fiber, ash, humidicola

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