scholarly journals FORMULASI,UJI STABILITAS DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SEDIAAN GEL DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SESEWANUA (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Kristianus Runtuwene ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Adithya Yudistira
Keyword(s):  
Skin Aging ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Antioxidant Effectiveness ◽  
Gel Preparation

ABSTRACTChronic exposure to UV radiation on the skin can cause many side effects on the skin such as premature aging, skin cancer and decreased ability of the immune response. Irreversible skin aging begins at the age of 20 years. Mature leaves (Clerodendron squamatumVahl) have flavonoids, which are antioxidant compounds. This study aims to prove that seswanua leaf gel preparations have good stability, meet the requirements of gel preparations and have good antioxidant effectiveness. This type of research is descriptive analytics. Extraction of sesewanua leaves was carried out using maceration with 96% ethanol solvents. Evaluation of gel preparations was carried out by conducting homogeneity, organoleptic, pH, dispersion and adhesion test. Gel stability test was carried out using the cycling test method. Testing the effectiveness of antioxidants using the method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 results of 123 mg / L for storage and 263 mg / L for post-storage. It can be concluded that gel preparations with 3% HPMC concentration have good stability, fulfills the requirements of gel preparations and has antioxidant effectivenessKeywords : Sesewanua Leaves, Extraction, Gel Preparation, AntioxidantsABSTRAKPaparan kronis radiasi UV terhadap kulit dapat menimbulkan banyak efek samping pada kulit seperti penuaan dini, kanker kulit dan penurunan kemampuan respon imun. Penuaan kulit yang bersifat irreversible dimulai pada usia 20 tahun. Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl) memiliki senyawa flavonoid yang bersifat sebagai  senyawa antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan sediaan gel daun sesewanua mempunyai stabilitas yang baik, memenuhi persyaratan sediaan gel dan mempunyai efektivitas antioksidan yang bagus.Jenis penelitian ini ialah Deskriptif Analitik. Ekstraksi daun sesewanua dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode maserasi danpelarut etanol 96% . Evaluasi sediaan gel dilakukan dengan melakuan uji homogenitas, organoleptis, pH, daya sebar dan daya lekat. Uji stabilitas gel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode cycling test. Pengujian efektivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH)dengan hasil IC50 sebesar 123 mg/L untuk sebelum penyimpanan dan 263 mg/L untuk sesudah penyimpanan.. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan sediaan gel dengan konsentrasi HPMC 3% mempunyai stabilitas yang baik, memenuhi persyaratan sediaan gel dan memiliki efektivitas antioksidan  Kata Kunci : Daun Sesewanua, Ekstraksi, Sediaan Gel, Antioksidan

scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KALIANDRA (Calliandra surinamensis Benth) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Yulita Ni Nyoman Tri Sukartiningsih ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Physical Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACT Kaliandra Leaf (Calliandra surinamensis Benth) contains flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins which are able to inhibit the antibacterial activity. This study aims to test the antibacterial effectiveness of gel preparation of ethanol extracts of kaliandra leaf to obtain the greatest formula, and prove the Kaliandra leaf gel preparation has good physical stability. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Gel formula is made as many as 5 formulas with variations in the concentration of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of w : v. Kaliandra leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol. The antibacterial test of the ethanol extracts of Kaliandra leaf gel using the method of welling against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria produced a moderate inhibition of 7.0 ± 0.63 mm at a concentration of 6%. The physical evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, syneresis test, scatter power test, adhesion test, pH test, cycling test, and sterility test. All tests are carried out before and after the cycling test. The results of the study on the preparation fulfilled the physical evaluation requirements before and after the cycling test. It can be concluded that the concentration of 6% of ethanol extracts of Kaliandra leaves could be formulated as a gel preparation that is physically stable and has moderate antibacterial activity. Keywords: Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis Benth), Gel preparations, Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial.  ABSTRAK Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensus Benth) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra untuk mendapatkan formula terbesar, serta membuktikan sediaan gel daun Kaliandra mempunyai stabilitas fisik yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan gel dibuat sebanyak 5 formula dengan variasi konsentrasi 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, dan 6% b/v. Ekstraksi daun Kaliandra dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%.  Penelitian uji antibakteri sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra menggunakan metode sumuran pada bakteri staphylococcus aureus menghasilkan daya hambat yang sedang yaitu 7,0±0,63 mm pada konsentrasi 6%. Evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji sineresis, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji pH, uji cycling test, dan uji sterilitas. Semua pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Hasil penelitian sediaan memenuhi persyaratan eveluasi fisik sebelum uji cycling test dan sesudah cycling test. Dapat disimpulkan pada kosentrasi 6% ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra dapat diformulasi sebagai sediaan gel yang stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang sedang. Kata kunci : Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis Benth), Sediaan Gel, Antibakteri Staphlococcous  aureus.

Scratch indentation, a simple adhesion test method for thin films on polymeric supports

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Vaughn ◽  
Bruce G. Frushour ◽  
William C. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Polymeric Supports

scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) DAN DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis Linn.F) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Riska Tuloli ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi ◽  
Imam Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Dispersion Test

ABSTRACT Celery plants (Apium graveolens L.) and teak plants (Tectona grandis Linn.f) are plants that contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to test the antibacterial effectiveness of combination of celery and teak leaf cream and evaluate cream with parameters of physical tests (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion) and physical stability with cycling test method. This study used an experimental laboratory method by making 5 variations concentration of extracts. Celery and teak leaf extract was extracted by maceration method. Antibacterial test used the wells method. Results of the evaluation of physical tests for organoleptic test (odor: a typical combination of extracts;color: brown;shape: semi-solid), homogeneity test (homogeneous), average of pH test is 6.02, dispersion test is 4.27 cm, adhesion test is 18.42 seconds. Based on the results of this study, concluded that the combination of celery leaf and teak leaf extract can be formulated into a cream. The cream of combination of celery and teak leafs extract are bacteriostatic and has antibacterial activity with an average diameter for formulation I 13.4 mm, formulation II 9.23 mm, formulation III 16.23 mm, formulation IV 11 mm, and formulation V 12.06 mm. Keywords : Celery (Apium graveolens L.), Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f), Antibacterial, Cream. ABSTRAK Tanaman seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dan tanaman jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung flavonoid, tanin dan saponin dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim kombinasi ekstrak daun seledri dan daun jati serta mengevaluasi sediaan krim dengan parameter uji sifat fisik (uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat) dan stabilitas fisik dengan metode cycling test. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan membuat 5 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan cara maserasi. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode sumuran. Hasil evaluasi sifat fisik untuk uji organoleptik (bau: khas kombinasi ekstrak;warna:coklat;bentuk:setengah padat), uji homogenitas (susunan homogen), rata-rata uji pH 6,02, daya sebar 4,27 cm, daya lekat 18,42 detik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak daun seledri dan daun jati dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim. Sediaan krim kombinasi ekstrak daun seledri dan daun jati bersifat bakteriostatik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter rata-rata untuk formula I 13,4 mm, formula II 9,23 mm, formula III 16,23 mm, formula IV 11 mm, dan formula V 12,06 mm. Kata Kunci : Seledri (Apium graveolens L.), Jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f), Antibakteri, Krim

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU ULTRASONIKASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SUJI (Pleomele angustifolia) DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN METODE CYCLING TEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Malinda Prihantini ◽  
Elya Zulfa ◽  
Listyana Dewi Prastiwi ◽  
Ikha Dyah Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Ultrasonication Time

ABSTRACT The nanoparticle system encapsulates and protects flavonoids of suji leaves from photolysis and oxidation instability. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic nanoparticles forming polymer. Ultrasonication is a materials mixing technique under high vibration energy. The ultrasonication time affects the particle size. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ultrasonication time on physical characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles of suji (Pleomele angustifolia) leaf ethanol extract and its physical stability after cycling test. Ethanol extract of suji leaves (EEDS) was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Chitosan EEDS nanoparticles were made under ionic gelation method using an ultrasonication time of 3 minutes (FI), 6 minutes (FII), and 9 minutes (FIII). The physical characterization of nanoparticles includes particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Chitosan EEDS nanoparticles with the best physical characteristics (FIII) were tested for stability using cycling test method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Anova statistical method with a 95% confidence level. The size of EEDS chitosan nanoparticles (nm) was significantly different in all formulas, FI (374.47), FII (288.43), and FIII (233.37). The polydispersity index of FI (0.38) and FIII (0.65) were significantly different, while FII (0.41) was not significantly different. The zeta potential (mV) FI (51.70), FII (46.10), and FIII (48.60) were not significantly different in all formulas. The physical characteristics of Formula III after Cycling Test showed a particle size of 455.0 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.174, and a zeta potential of 20.1 mV. Keywords: ultrasonication, nanoparticles, chitosan, cycling test, suji leaf (Pleomele angustifolia)

scholarly journals Antiphotoaging Effects of 3,5-Dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic Acid via Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases in UVB-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hwan Oh ◽  
Jung Im Lee ◽  
Fatih Karadeniz ◽  
So Young Park ◽  
Youngwan Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Collagen Degradation ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Uvb Irradiation

UVB exposure is one of the causes of several skin complications including but not limited to premature aging, wrinkle formation, and hyperpigmentation. UV-induced skin aging is called photoaging, and oxidative stress-induced overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is the main reason behind the photoaging-mediated collagen degradation. Natural origin inhibitors of MMPs are regarded as a promising approach to prevent or treat photoaging. Therefore, the present study investigated the protective effects of 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (DCEQA) in human HaCaT keratinocytes against UVB irradiation-related dysregulation of MMPs. Changes in the mRNA and protein expression and release of MMP-1, -2, and -9 were observed after UVB irradiation with or without DCEQA treatment. In addition, the effect of DCEQA on the activation of p38, JNK, and ERK MAPKs was analyzed. Treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with 10 μM DCEQA significantly suppressed the overexpression of both mRNA and protein of MMP-1, -2, and -9 while slightly increasing the diminished type I procollagen production. UVB-induced activation of MAPKs was also ameliorated by DCEQA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Results indicated that DCEQA treatment was able to protect keratinocytes from UVB-induced photoaging by inhibiting the stimulated production of MMPs and the related decrease in collagen production. It was suggested that DCEQA downregulated the collagen degradation via inhibition of MAPK activation, which resulted in decreased MMP activity.

An adhesion test method for spray-applied fire-resistive materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar Tean Tan ◽  
Christopher C. White ◽  
Donald L. Hunston
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Adhesion Test
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