scholarly journals Morphometrics, gonad index, intestine index and latern index of sea urchins, Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Tiwoho and Kampung Ambong Beach, North Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Dewi Feronika Manabung ◽  
Lawrence J. L. Lumingas ◽  
Meiske S. Salaki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) from two different habitats, Tiwoho and Kampung Ambong, show variations in morphometric and physiological characteristics. The average test diameter of the Tiwoho population is larger than the Kampung Ambong population. Although the two regressions of the test diameter – total weight relationship between the Tiwoho population and the Kampung Ambong population are identical, the T. gratilla of Tiwoho population has an isometric growth pattern whereas the Kampung Ambong population shows a negative allometric growth pattern. The two regressions of the test diameter – test height show identical slopes and intercepts and reveal an isometric growth for the two populations. For both populations, the gonad index is not affected by variations in the test diameter, but the gonad index of the Kampung Ambong population is greater than the gonad index of the Tiwoho population. Similarly, there is no significant relationship between the two variables, intestinal index, and test diameter, for both populations, and no significant difference in the intestinal index – test diameter regressions between the two populations. The relationship between the latern index – test diameter shows the lantern index remains constant with changes in the diameter test for the Tiwoho population. As for the Kampung Ambong population, the lantern index decreases with increasing test diameter. The two regressions of lantern index – test diameter show differences in the slopes of the lines, and this means that in adult size, the lantern index of the Tiwoho population is larger than the Kampong Ambong population. The low of the lantern index and the high of gonad index in Kampong Ambong could indicate more availability of food for sea urchins at this location compared to Tiwoho. Differences in food availability in the environment are thought to determine differences in the energy allocation strategies of the two populations of sea urchins T. gratilla.Key words: Tripneustes gratilla, allometric analysis, gonad index, intestinal index, lantern index, Tiwoho, Kampung Ambong.ABSTRACTDua populasi Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) dari dua habitat yang berbeda, Tiwoho dan Kampung Ambong, menunjukkan variasi dalam karakteristik morfometrik dan fisiologis. Diameter cangkang rata-rata populasi Tiwoho lebih besar dari populasi Kampung Ambong. Meskipun kedua regresi hubungan diameter cangkang – berat total antara populasi Tiwoho dan populasi Kampung Ambong adalah identik, T. gratilla populasi Tiwoho memiliki pola pertumbuhan isometrik sedangkan populasi Kampung Ambong menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif. Dua regresi diameter cangkang - tinggi cangkang menunjukkan kesamaan kemiringan dan intersep dan memperlihatkan pertumbuhan isometrik untuk dua populasi. Untuk kedua populasi, indeks gonad tidak dipengaruhi oleh variasi diameter cangkang, tetapi indeks gonad populasi Kampung Ambong lebih besar dari pada indeks gonad populasi Tiwoho. Demikian pula, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua variabel, indeks usus dan diameter cangkang, untuk kedua populasi, dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan regresi indeks usus - diameter cangkang antara kedua populasi. Dalam hubungan diameter cangkang - indeks latern menunjukkan bahwa indeks lentera tetap konstan dengan perubahan diameter cangkang untuk populasi Tiwoho. Sedangkan untuk populasi Kampung Ambong, indeks lentera berkurang dengan meningkatnya diameter cangkang. Dua regresi indeks lentera – diameter cangkang menunjukkan perbedaan dalam kemiringan garis, dan ini berarti bahwa pada ukuran dewasa, indeks lentera populasi Tiwoho lebih besar dari populasi Kampung Ambong. Indeks lentera yang rendah dan indeks gonad yang tinggi di Kampung Ambong dapat mengindikasikan lebih banyak ketersediaan makanan untuk bulu babi di lokasi ini dibandingkan dengan di Tiwoho. Perbedaan ketersediaan makanan di lingkungan diperkirakan menentukan perbedaan dalam strategi alokasi energi dari dua populasi bulu babi T. gratilla.Kata kunci: Tripneustes gratilla, analisis allometrik, indeks gonad, indeks usus, indeks lentera, Tiwoho, Kampung Ambong

scholarly journals Density of the blue-black urchin Echinotrix diadema (Linnaeus, 1758) in Tomini Bay, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
La Nane ◽  
Alfi Sahri R Baruadi ◽  
Herinda Mardin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
Urchin Density ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Size

The blue-black urchin has been widely known and utilized as food in the world, including Indonesia because sea urchin gonad can be consumed. However, the utilization of sea urchins in Gorontalo has not been performed. On the other hand, natural resources information is needed as the database for natural resources management in Tomini Bay. The aim of this study is to document the blue-black urchin Echinotrix diadema. This study conducted at Blue Marlin Beach, South Leato, Gorontalo, from November 2019 to December 2020. Sea urchin density was calculated with a 1 m × 1 m transect quadrate that positioned at interval 5 m in distance along 15 m of the transect line at the coral reef ecosystem. In parallel with the measurement of the density, sea urchin test diameter was measured with a Vernier caliper (0.01 mm accuracy), and the water temperature was measured with a thermometer. The results show that the average of sea urchin density is 3 ind. m–2 in November and December and 1 ind.m–2 in January. That density has no significant difference among the month. Moreover, the average size of the sea urchin test diameter is 60 mm in November, 63 mm in December, and 66 mm in January. The seawater temperature is 34 °C in November, 37 °C in December, and 33 °C in January. That results show that sea urchin density in the blue marlin beach is very low.

scholarly journals Allometry Analysis and Physiological Index of Sea Urchin Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) (Camarodonta, Echinometridae) on the Reef Flat in Tongkeina and Malalayang Dua, Manado, Sulawesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Hasi ◽  
Lawrence J. L. Lumingas ◽  
Anneke V. Lohoo
Keyword(s):  
Reef Flat ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analysis the structure of the size, morphometry (test diameter-high relationship, test diameter-weight relationship) as well as gonad indices, intestine indices, and Aristotle lantern indices of Heliocidaris crassispina in two different habitats, Malalayang Dua and Tongkeina. At each habitat, free sampling on the reef flat have be done one time for approximately two hours at the lowest tide. The abundance of individuals H. crassispina in Malalayang Dua was much lower than in Tongkeina. The means diameter of sea urchins test were not significantly different between habitats. The comparison of regression lines of both diameter-high and diameter-weight relationships were not differ significantly between habitats. Its morphometry reveal an isometric relationship of high-diameter (slope = 1) in both habitats, while the relationship of weight-diameter reveals a negative allometric growth (slope < 3) in Tongkeina but isometric growth in Malalayang Dua.  The gonad index in Malalayang Dua was higher than in Tongkeina. The intestine index in Tongkeina was higher than in Malalayang Dua. The lantera index in Tongkeina was higher than in Malalayang Dua. The difference in abundance of sea urchins and the acquisition of the energetic value of food presumably serve as the factors affecting the differences of these indices and its weight growth pattern. ________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Heliocidaris crassispina, allometry analysis, physiological index ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur ukuran, morfometri (hubungan diameter-tinggi cangkang, hubungan diameter-berat) serta indeks gonad, indeks usus, dan indeks lentera Aristoteles dari Heliocidaris crassispina di dua habitat yang berbeda, Malalayang Dua dan Tongkeina. Pada setiap habitat, sampling bebas di rataan terumbu telah dilakukan satu kali selama kurang lebih dua jam pada saat pasang terrendah. Kelimpahan individu H. crassispina di Malalayang Dua jauh lebih rendah daripada di Tongkeina. Diameter rata-rata cangkang bulu babi tidak berbeda nyata antara habitat. Perbandingan garis regresi hubungan diameter-tinggi dan diameter-berat tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara habitat. Analisis morfometri menunjukkan hubungan isometrik tinggi-diameter (slope = 1) di kedua habitat, sedangkan hubungan berat-diameter menunjukkan pertumbuhan alometrik negatif (kemiringan <3) di Tongkeina tetapi di Malalayang Dua menunjukkan pertumbuhan isometrik. Indeks gonad di Malalayang Dua lebih tinggi daripada di Tongkeina. Indeks usus di Tongkeina lebih tinggi daripada di Malalayang Dua. Indeks lantera di Tongkeina lebih tinggi daripada di Malalayang Dua. Perbedaan kelimpahan bulu babi dan perolehan nilai energik makanan diduga berperan sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan indeks ini dan pola pertumbuhan beratnya. ________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: Heliocidaris crassispina, analisis allometri, indeks fisiologis ____________________ 1Bagian dari Skripsi 2Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK-UNSRAT 3Staf Pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan UNSRAT

scholarly journals Impact of Overfishing on Density and Test-Diameter Size of the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla at Wakatobi Archipelago, South-Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
La Nane ◽  
Arfiani Rizki Paramata
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Urchin Density ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla

Sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is one of an economically important fisheries resource product for localities at Wakatobi archipelago. High demands for sea urchin gonad have intensified high fishing activity. The hypothesis of this study is that sea urchins in Wakatobi have been overfished. To answer that hypothesis, the density and its test diameter size were measured at two different sites. Those two sites are Pulau Tomia (resident area) and Pulau Sawa (nonresident area and very distant from the localities). The results show that sea urchin density and its test diameter are significantly different.  The densities (mean±SE) T. gratilla at Pulau Sawa and Pulau Tomia were 10±0.6 (ind.m-2) and 2.7±0.9 ind.m-2, respectively. Moreover, the test diameter at Pulau Sawa and Pulau Tomia were 69.7±2.1 mm and 58.5±1.7 mm (mean±SE), respectively. These results have shown that overfishing has occurred. Therefore, sea urchin with test diameter 66–75 mm, 76–85 mm, and 86–95 mm have disappeared at Pulau Tomia. The Conclusion reveals that fishing of sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla at Pulau Tomia has been overfished.

scholarly journals THE ADDITION OF Ulva reticulata AS A STIMULANT INTO ARTIFICIAL FEED ON THE GONAD CONDITION OF THE COLLECTOR SEA URCHIN (Tripneustes gratilla LINNAEUS 1758)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Purbiantoro ◽  
Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo ◽  
Oman Agus Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Egg Diameter ◽  
Gonad Condition

<p>Dried <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Ulva</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">reticulata</span> has been proven as a feeding stimulant for the collector sea urchins (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Tripneustes</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gratilla)</span>. The purposes of this study were to determine the optimal dose of dried <span style="text-decoration: underline;">U.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">reticulata</span> as a feeding stimulant into artificial feed and its effect on the gonad condition of the collector sea urchins, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">T.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gratilla</span>. Previously, starved sea urchins (ca. 66 mm diameter, n=7) was held in 80-l aquarium volume with flow through seawater system (6.25 l/hour<sup> </sup>inlet and outlet). Sea urchins were fed with diet containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% of dried <span style="text-decoration: underline;">U.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">reticulata</span> (designated control, U-10, U-20, and U-30 respectively) ad libitum for 38 days. Each treatment was given 3 replicates. Survival rate, feed consumption, and gonad conditions (gonad index, biochemical composition of the gonad, gonad histology, and egg diameter) parameters were quantified and compared to sea urchins fed with the mixture of fresh macroalgae (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gracilaria</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">lichenoides</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Padina</span>) and seagrass (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Enhalus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ac</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">o</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">roides</span>). The results showed that the addition of dried <span style="text-decoration: underline;">U.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">reticulata</span> into artificial feed by 10% from feed weight (U-10) was the optimal dose recommended. Sea urchins treated U - 10 diet resulted in gonad index and egg diameter (5.02 % and 82.66 µm each), were higher than other diet treatments. However, this diet treatment was not able to homogenize the reproductive phase composition of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">T.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gratilla</span>.</p> <p>Keywords: <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Ulva</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">reticulata</span>, Feeding Stimulant, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Tripneustes</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">gratilla</span>, Gonad Condition</p>

scholarly journals THE ADDITION OF Ulva reticulata AS A STIMULANT INTO ARTIFICIAL FEED ON THE GONAD CONDITION OF THE COLLECTOR SEA URCHIN (Tripneustes gratilla LINNAEUS 1758)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Purbiantoro ◽  
Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo ◽  
Oman Agus Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gracilaria Lichenoides ◽  
Egg Diameter ◽  
Gonad Condition

Dried Ulva reticulata has been proven as a feeding stimulant for the collector sea urchins (Tripneustes gratilla). The purposes of this study were to determine the optimal dose of dried U. reticulata as a feeding stimulant into artificial feed and its effect on the gonad condition of the collector sea urchins, T. gratilla. Previously, starved sea urchins (ca. 66 mm diameter, n=7) was held in 80-l aquarium volume with flow through seawater system (6.25 l/hour inlet and outlet). Sea urchins were fed with diet containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% of dried U. reticulata (designated control, U-10, U-20, and U-30 respectively) ad libitum for 38 days. Each treatment was given 3 replicates. Survival rate, feed consumption, and gonad conditions (gonad index, biochemical composition of the gonad, gonad histology, and egg diameter) parameters were quantified and compared to sea urchins fed with the mixture of fresh macroalgae (Gracilaria lichenoides and Padina) and seagrass (Enhalus acoroides). The results showed that the addition of dried U. reticulata into artificial feed by 10% from feed weight (U-10) was the optimal dose recommended. Sea urchins treated U - 10 diet resulted in gonad index and egg diameter (5.02 % and 82.66 µm each), were higher than other diet treatments. However, this diet treatment was not able to homogenize the reproductive phase composition of T. gratilla. Keywords: Ulva reticulata, Feeding Stimulant, Tripneustes gratilla, Gonad Condition

scholarly journals Impact of overfishing on density and test-diameter size of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla at Wakatobi Archipelago, south-eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Nane
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Test Diameter ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Urchin Density ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla

AbstractSea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is one of an economic important fisheries resources product for localities at Wakatobi archipelago. High demands for sea urchin gonad have intensified high fishing activity. We hypothesize that sea urchins at Wakatobi have overfished. To answer that hypothesizes; we measure the density and its test diameter size at two different sites. They are Pulau Tomia (inhabited area) and Pulau Sawa (uninhabited area and very distant from the localities). The results show that sea urchin density and its test diameter is significantly different. The densities (mean ± SE) Tripneustes gratilla at Pulau Sawa and Pulau Tomia are 10 ± 0.6 (ind./m2) and 2.7 ± 0.9 ind./m2, respectively. Moreover, the test diameter at Pulau Sawa and Pulau Tomia are 69.7 ± 2.1 mm (mean ± SE), and 58.5 ± 1.7 mm (mean ± SE), respectively. These results have indeed shown that overfishing has occurred. Therefore, sea urchin with test diameter 66–75 mm, 76–85 mm, and 86–95 mm have disappeared at Pulau Tomia. Our conclusion reveals that fishing of sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla at Pulau Tomia has overfished.

scholarly journals Otolith biometry analysis of betong fish, Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) (Teleostei: Carangidae) in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Saiful Bahri ◽  
Lawrence J. L. Lumingas ◽  
Fransine B. Manginsela
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shape Indices ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Otolith Size

This study aims to examine whether there are differences in the size and shape of otolith both between sexes and between the sampling times of bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus in  Manado Bay, North Sulawesi. Most of the otolith sizes and the otolith shape indices do not show any significant differences between left and right, some of which show statistically significant differences such as the otolith length and the indices of the roundness, ellipticity and aspect ratio of female fish at August 2017 and otolith length, otolith width and otolith perimeter of male fish at November 2017. The otolith sizes and shape indices do not differ between sexes but differ between sampling times ie August 2017 and November 2017. Otolith sizes such as length, width, area and perimeter and shape indices such as circularity and rectangularity can be used as indicators of stock determination. Other shape indices of otolith such as form factor, roundness, ellipticity and aspect ratio are not well used as stock determination. Most of the samples showed a negative allometric growth pattern, except in the sample of female fish sampled in November 2017 which showed an isometric growth pattern for all otolith size variables. There is no statistically significant difference in the regression line of the otolith sizes - total length between sexes, but there is a statistically very significant difference in the regression line between sampling times (months) where the otolith size is greater in November 2017 or in other words at the same length of fish, otolith sizes bigger in November 2017 than in August 2017. The otolith sizes and their relationship with the total length of the fish can be used for determining (separating) the stock of bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus. There is a possibility that the sample for August 2017 is a different stock with samples from November 2017.Key words: Selar crumenophthalmus, otolith, morphometry, stock identification, Manado Bay ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan ukuran dan bentuk otolit  baik antar seks maupun antar waktu pengambilan sampel ikan selar betong Selar crumenophthalmus di Teluk Manado Sulawesi Utara. Sebagian besar ukuran serta indeks bentuk otolit tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antara kiri dan kanan, beberapa di antaranya menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata secara statistik misalnya ukuran panjang otolit serta indeks bentuk otolit ‘roundness’, ‘ellipticity’ dan ‘aspect ratio’ pada ikan betina Agustus 2017 dan ukuran panjang otolit, luas otolit dan keliling otolit pada ikan jantan November 2017. Ukuran dan indeks bentuk otolit tidak berbeda antar jenis kelamin tetapi berbeda antar waktu sampling yakni Agustus 2017 dan November 2017. Ukuran otolit seperti panjang, lebar, luas dan keliling otolit serta indeks bentuk seperti ‘circularity’ dan ‘rectangularity’ dapat digunakan sebagai indikator penentu stok. Indeks bentuk otolit lainnya seperti ‘form factor’, ‘roundness’, ‘ellipticity’ dan ‘aspect rasio’ kurang baik digunakan sebagai variable penentu stok. Sebagian besar sampel menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan alometri negatif, kecuali pada sampel ikan betina yang disampling pada November 2017 yang memperlihatkan pola pertumbuhan isometrik untuk semua variabel ukuran otolit. Tidak terdapat perbedaan garis regresi ukuran otolit - panjang total antar seks, tetapi terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata garis regresi tersebut antar waktu sampling (bulan) di mana ukuran otolit lebih besar pada bulan November 2017 atau dengan kata lain pada panjang ikan yang sama, ukuran otolit lebih besar pada bulan November 2017 dibandingkan dengan pada bulan Agustus 2017.           Ukuran otolit serta hubungan regresi dengan panjang total ikannya dapat digunakan untuk penentuan (pemisahan) stok ikan selar betong Selar crumenophthalmus. Ada kemungkinan sampel bulan Agustus 2017 merupakan stok yang berbeda dengan sampel bulan November 2017.Kata kunci: Selar crumenophthalmus, otolit, morfometri, identifikasi stok, Teluk Manado

scholarly journals HbA1c levels in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Ricardo Silva Tavares ◽  
Fábio Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Isabel Cristina Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Weslley Carvalho Soares ◽  
Mauro Meira Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Summary Objective: To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants and compare the results of this test with those of a control group. Method: This was an experimental study based on the comparison of HbA1c tests in two different populations, with a test group represented by individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants (AS and AC) and a control group consisting of people with electrophoretic profile AA. The two populations were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: Normal levels of fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea and triglycerides, bilirubin > 20 mg/dL and non-use of acetylsalicylic acid. 50 heterozygous subjects and 50 controls were evaluated between August 2013 and May 2014. The comparison of HbA1c levels between heterozygous individuals and control subjects was performed based on standard deviation, mean and G-Test. Results: The study assessed a test group and a control group, both with 39 adults and 11 children. The mean among heterozygous adults for HbA1c was 5.0%, while the control group showed a rate of 5.74%. Heterozygous children presented mean HbA1c at 5.11%, while the controls were at 5.78%. G-Test yielded p=0.93 for children and p=0.89 for adults. Conclusion: Our study evaluated HbA1c using ion exchange chromatography resins, and the patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants showed no significant difference from the control group.

scholarly journals Variability of morphometric leaf characteristics of black poplar from the area of Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Cortan ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Radmila Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

A morphological study of intra and interpopulation variability of black poplar leaves was conducted in two populations in the area of Vojvodina. Nine morphometric parameters of leaves have been analyzed. The results indicate that there is considerable variability within and between the populations. Morphological differentiation is clearly represented with the average values of analyzed parameters and a statistically significant difference between the mean values. On the basis of the obtained data, it has been concluded that the variability within the two populations is much more expressed than the variability between them. The uniformity of environmental conditions of the studied locations indicates that this variability is a consequence of the specific gene pool of the studied populations.

scholarly journals Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangnan Sun ◽  
Xiaomei Chi ◽  
Mingfang Yang ◽  
Jingyun Ding ◽  
Dongtao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Significant Difference

Small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are exposed to different environments of light intensities after being reseeded to the sea bottom. With little information available about the behavioral responses of S. intermedius to different light intensities in the environment, we carried out an investigation on how S. intermedius is affected by three light intensity environments in terms of phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors. They were no light (zero lx), low light intensity (24–209 lx) and high light intensity (252–2,280 lx). Light intensity had obvious different effects on phototaxis. In low light intensity, sea urchins moved more and spent significantly more time at the higher intensity (69–209 lx) (P = 0.046). S. intermedius in high light intensity, in contrast, spent significantly more time at lower intensity (252–690 lx) (P = 0.005). Unexpectedly, no significant difference of movement (average velocity and total distance covered) was found among the three light intensities (P > 0.05). Foraging behavior of S. intermedius was significantly different among the light intensities. In the no light environment, only three of ten S. intermedius found food within 7 min. In low light intensity, nine of 10 sea urchins showed successful foraging behavior to the food placed at 209 lx, which was significantly higher than the ratio of the number (two of 10) when food was placed at 24 lx (P = 0.005). In the high light intensity, in contrast, significantly less sea urchins (three of 10) found food placed at the higher light intensity (2,280 lx) compared with the lower light intensity (252 lx) (10/10, P = 0.003). Furthermore, S. intermedius showed significantly longer righting response time in the high light intensity compared with both no light (P = 0.001) and low light intensity (P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in righting behavior between no light and low light intensity (P = 0.892). The present study indicates that light intensity significantly affects phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of S. intermedius and that ~200 lx might be the appropriate light intensity for reseeding small S. intermedius.

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