scholarly journals Screening of Some Rice Germplasm for Resistance to Leaf Blast and Brown Plant Hopper

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. O Mbe ◽  
A. Isong ◽  
A. Ahmed ◽  
R. Saraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper

Blast is a major rice disease that can affect rice plant during all growth stages, wherein causing drastic yield loss globally. Host-plant resistance has been the most practical and cost effective approach to control insect pests and diseases in crops. Therefore, eighty (80) rice genotypes were screened for resistance to the leaf blast and brown plant hopper at Hybrid Rice Evaluation Centre, Gudalur, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study site is known as blast and brown plant hopper (BPH) hot spot in India. The genotypes were evaluated according to the standard evaluation system for rice. The results revealed that nineteen (19) genotypes namely; CB08504, CB13506, CB14528, CB14681, PR114, ORJ1141, CR3868-225-1-2-2-5, MTU1156, NDR2111-13-1, PAU3835-12-1-1-2, MTU1157, HKR08-1, CT16658-5-2-3SR-2-1MMP, IR10A136, CB14149, CO(R) 49, Ciherang, IR11A294 and EC578527 showed resistant reaction and 27 genotypes were found to be moderately resistant to the leaf blast disease. None of the genotypes was immune to BPH reaction. Four (4) genotypes were resistant, and twenty-three (23) were moderately resistant. The genotypes viz., CR3868-225-1-2-2-5 and NDR 2111-13-1 which were resistant to leaf blast showed moderate resistance to BPH. Genotypes like HHZ 17-DT-6-Sal3-DT 1, BRR 0015, PAU 3842-60-5-1-3, Vanjinathan and EC 465120 were moderately resistant to both blast and BPH. These genotypes identified may be utilized as genetic sources for multiple resistant genes in rice improvement.

Impact of intercropping system to minimise the sucking pests incidence in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Parthiban ◽  
C. Chinniah ◽  
R. K. Murali Baskaran ◽  
K. Suresh ◽  
A. Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scirtothrips Dorsalis ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L

Field experiment was carried out during 2014 – 2015 at DARS, Chettinad, Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu to find out cost-effective groundnut based inter-cropping system for the management of key insect pests. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus; Variety: VRI II) when intercropped with bajra (Pennisetum glaucum L.; Variety: Co 7), maize (Zea mays L.; Variety; Co 6) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.; Variety: Co 30) 4:1 ratio harboured significantly less mean population of sucking pests viz. leafhopper, Empoasca kerri Pruthi, Aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch and Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood recording 23.05, 24.81 and 25.47 nos./10 plants, 21.27, 23.52 and 22.44 nos./2.5 cm shoot and 11.15, 12.62 and 12.19 nos./5 leaflet respectively, whereas intercropping with redgram (Cajanus cajan L.; Variety: VBN (Rg) 3), marigold (Tagetes erecta L.; Variety: MDU 1), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.; Variety: Co 1) and onion (Allium cepa L.; Variety: Co 1) recorded high mean population as compared to other cropping systems while groundnut as pure crop recorded the highest mean population of 33.14 nos./10 plants, 33.22 nos./2.5 cm shoot and 19.00 nos./5 leaflet respectively.

scholarly journals Reaction of Different Rice Lines Against Leaf and Neck Blast under Field Condition Of Chitwan Valley

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Puri ◽  
SM Shrestha ◽  
KD Joshi ◽  
GB KC
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The severity of the rice blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) of both leaf and neck varies with different environment and it becomes destructive under favorable condition. The leaf and neck blast resistance and susceptible interaction of 30 different tropical rice lines were evaluated under low-, mid- and up-land conditions of Chitwan district and classified on the basis of disease severity with respect to susceptible check, Masuli. Of them, 5, 10, 12 and 3 rice lines were resistant to leaf blast, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible susceptible, respectively. Similarly, for the neck blast nine lines were resistant, thirteen moderately resistant, seven moderately susceptible and one was susceptible. The progenies from Masuli/MT4 had the highest leaf and neck blast susceptible reaction, while the most of progenies from IPB (Irradiated Pusa Basmati), KalinghaIII_IR64, Radha 32_ KIII and Masuli_IR64 were resistant, and the most promising sources against leaf and neck blast resistance. Therefore, the progenies from these parents can be used in breeding the resistant variety. Key words: Pyricularia grisea, resistance, rice lines J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:37-44 (2006)

scholarly journals Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Gilang Kurrata ◽  
Tutik Kuswinanti ◽  
Andi Nasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Severity of Blast Disease and Analysis of Virulence Gene Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Method Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the important diseases in rice cultivation in the world, including Indonesia. The use of resistant varieties is a way to deal with blast disease since it is cheap, efficient and safe from the risk of pesticide pollution. However, the resistance of a rice variety to blast disease can only be utilized for a few years due to the complexity of pathogens which can easily break down the resistance of a variety, especially if their resistance is determined only by one dominant gene. The aims of this research was to determine the severity of blast disease and genetic variation of P. oryzae isolates from Maros District and the relationship between disease severity and haplotype variety obtained as the basis for recommendations for control with site-specific resistant varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice was carried out in 8 locations (different sub-districts) in Maros District, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The pathogen’s genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes namely Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The highest leaf blast intensity was observed on var. Mekongga in Simbang sub-district (42.12%) and Maros Baru sub-district (23.33%). In Tanralili sub-district (Inpari-7) and Mandai sub-district (var. Ciherang) leaf blast intencity were 7.6% and 7.88% respectively. A total of 15 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from 8 sub-districts in Maros. Analysis of genetic diversity showed found 5 different haplotypes, namely haplotype A-000 (4 isolates), C-011 (3 isolates), D-111 (2 isolates), F-110 (3 isolates) and G-100 (3 isolates).

scholarly journals Screening of rice genotypes for leaf blast resistance under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Sharma ◽  
Prem Bahadur Magar ◽  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Ram Baran Yadaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Blast, caused by Pyriculariagrisea (Sacc.) is the most destructive disease of rice in Nepal. To identify the sources of leaf blast resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under natural epiphytotic condition at National Plant Pathology Research Centre (NPPRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during summer season in 2018 and 2019.A total of 128 rice genotypes in 2018 and 291during 2019 including resistant check (Sabitri) and susceptible check (Shankharika/Mansuli) were tested. Field experiment was conducted in single rod row design. Leaf blast disease assessment was done according to 0-9 scale. During 2018, 59 entries were highly resistant (Score 0), 34 resistant (Score 1), 26 moderately resistant (Score 2-3), 5 were moderately susceptible (Score 4-5), 4 susceptible (Score 6-7) and none of them were highly susceptible (Score 8-9) to leaf blast. Similarly, in 2019, 6 lines were highly resistant, 70 resistant, 196 moderately resistant, 15 lines were moderately susceptible, 4 susceptible and none of them were highly susceptible to the disease. Only, one genotype NR2179-82-2-4-1-1-1-1 (Score 1) was found resistant in both years. Similarly, genotype NR2182-22-1-3-1-1-1 (Score 2-3) was found moderately resistant. Some of the genotypes were found resistant in 2018 which become moderately resistant in 2019, they were NR2180-20-2-5-1-1-1-1, IR97135-8-3-1-3, IR98786-13-1-2-1, NR2181-139-1-3-1-1-1-1, and IR13F402. So, findings of these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes could be used in resistant source for the development of leaf blast resistant rice varieties through hybridization in future.

scholarly journals Reaction of hybrid rice and component lines to rice black bug [Scotinophara coarctata (Fabricius), Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]

2007 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Brian Sinangote ◽  
Reny Gerona ◽  
Ma. Dinah Reformina ◽  
Ma. Gina Babb ◽  
Lucia Borines
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Intermediate Reaction ◽  
Moderately Resistant

A limiting factor to hybrid rice production in the Philippines is the susceptibility of hybrid rice component lines to diseases and insect pests. Rice black bug (Scotinophara coarctata Fabr.) is among the insect pests and is the newest addition to the list of major pests of rice. This study aims to determine the reaction of hybrid rice component lines to rice black bug (RBB). Eighty-four (84) hybrid rice componet lines were evaluated for their reacton to RBB. Two batches of unreplicated preliminary screening of the lines were done. Two sets of re-evaluation were also conducted. The standard evaluation system for rice (SE) was followed. No lines showed resistance to RBB during the preliminary screening. Twentysix (26) lines which showed a moderately susceptible reaction were re-evaluated in a replicated experiment. Among them, R2-6 and IR60819R showed resistance, PR4B showed an intermediate reaction and GUI99 showed a moderatley susceptible reaction. These promising lines were further valueated against RBB and results showed thatR2-6 was rated highly resistant (HR), IR60819R was resistant (R), PR4B was moderately resistant (MR) and GUI99 was moderately susceptible (MS). Most of the hybrid rice component lines are susceptible to RBB.

scholarly journals Evaluation of combination spray schedules of Tricyclazole and Pseudomonas fluorescens against blast disease of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
B Bhaskar ◽  
R Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi ◽  
CPD Rajan ◽  
S Vijay Kumar ◽  
P Madhu Sudhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast

Rice is the most important food crop and directly feeding more people than any other crop in the world.The blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a major and foremost constraint in rice production.Use of tricyclazole fungicide is one of the best and cost effective ways to quickly manage the disease. Considering the extensive use of fungicide has adverse effects for environment, the present study has been conducted to know the effect of Tricyclazole and Pseudomonas fluorescens alone and various combinations during rabi 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. From the two years data, the results indicated that a spray schedule consisting of tricyclazole followed by an alternate spray of Pseudomonas fluorescens (T + P + T + P), as well as either seed treatment with tricyclazole at 0.1 percent or root dipping with P. fluorescens at 1%, effectively reduced both leaf blast and neck blast with increasing grain yield.

scholarly journals Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Sunder Man Shrestha ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Yield Performance of Non-spiny Brinjal Variety VRM (Br)2 in Northern Zone of Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
S. Nanthakumar ◽  
B. K. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Fruit Characters

Aim: To identify the yield performance of non-spiny brinjal variety VRM (Br)2. Study Design: Non-spiny brinjal variety VRM (Br)2 was developed by hybridization between Senur local x spiny brinjal VRM (Br) 1 followed by pedigree method of selection. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was carried out at northern districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Vellore, Ranipet, Tirupathur, Thiruvannamalai, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri during 2015-2016. Methodology: VRM (Br) 2 was evaluated under different trials during 2017-2020 at various locations along with ruling check variety VRM (Br) 1.The observations were recorded at yield and yield characters. Results: VRM (Br) 2 recorded highest fruit yield of 46.35 t/ha as compared to check variety VRM (Br) 1 (32.85 t/ha). It was 41.00 % higher fruit yield over check variety VRM (Br) 1 and moderately resistant to major insect pests. viz., epilachna beetle, whiteflies and shoot and fruit borer. Conclusion: All the plant and fruit characters are similar to spiny brinjal VRM (Br) 1, whereas the spines are absent in the variety VRM (Br) 2. Due to it’s non-spiny nature, intercultural operations viz., harvesting, packing, storage and transport are easy to do.

Infrared Emission Spectroscopy as a Reliability Tool

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Kim ◽  
S. Kayali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Infrared Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Channel Temperature

Abstract In this paper, we report on a non-destructive technique, based on IR emission spectroscopy, for measuring the temperature of a hot spot in the gate channel of a GaAs metal/semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET). A submicron-size He-Ne laser provides the local excitation of the gate channel and the emitted photons are collected by a spectrophotometer. Given the state of our experimental test system, we estimate a spectral resolution of approximately 0.1 Angstroms and a spatial resolution of approximately 0.9 μm, which is up to 100 times finer spatial resolution than can be obtained using the best available passive IR systems. The temperature resolution (<0.02 K/μm in our case) is dependent upon the spectrometer used and can be further improved. This novel technique can be used to estimate device lifetimes for critical applications and measure the channel temperature of devices under actual operating conditions. Another potential use is cost-effective prescreening for determining the 'hot spot' channel temperature of devices under normal operating conditions, which can further improve device design, yield enhancement, and reliable operation. Results are shown for both a powered and unpowered MESFET, demonstrating the strength of our infrared emission spectroscopy technique as a reliability tool.

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