scholarly journals Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Gilang Kurrata ◽  
Tutik Kuswinanti ◽  
Andi Nasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Severity of Blast Disease and Analysis of Virulence Gene Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Method Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the important diseases in rice cultivation in the world, including Indonesia. The use of resistant varieties is a way to deal with blast disease since it is cheap, efficient and safe from the risk of pesticide pollution. However, the resistance of a rice variety to blast disease can only be utilized for a few years due to the complexity of pathogens which can easily break down the resistance of a variety, especially if their resistance is determined only by one dominant gene. The aims of this research was to determine the severity of blast disease and genetic variation of P. oryzae isolates from Maros District and the relationship between disease severity and haplotype variety obtained as the basis for recommendations for control with site-specific resistant varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice was carried out in 8 locations (different sub-districts) in Maros District, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The pathogen’s genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes namely Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The highest leaf blast intensity was observed on var. Mekongga in Simbang sub-district (42.12%) and Maros Baru sub-district (23.33%). In Tanralili sub-district (Inpari-7) and Mandai sub-district (var. Ciherang) leaf blast intencity were 7.6% and 7.88% respectively. A total of 15 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from 8 sub-districts in Maros. Analysis of genetic diversity showed found 5 different haplotypes, namely haplotype A-000 (4 isolates), C-011 (3 isolates), D-111 (2 isolates), F-110 (3 isolates) and G-100 (3 isolates).

scholarly journals Disease resistance of improved MR220 lines against Pyricularia oryzae Cavara and their preliminary agronomic performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Aziemah Mohamad ◽  
Mohamad Bahagia Ab Ghaffar ◽  
Ahmad Sofiman Othman ◽  
Siti Norsuha Misman ◽  
Zuraida Abd Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing ◽  
Group 1

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice in Malaysia. Utilisation of resistant varieties is the most efficient management approach towards reducing yield losses. The line IRTP21683 with the Pi9 gene has shown strong resistance against the isolate MPO988.3 of pathotype P<sub>0.0</sub>, the most prevalent P. oryzae pathotype in Malaysia. Crossing of IRTP21683 was undertaken with the recurrent parent MR220, a susceptible elite Malaysian rice variety, using a marker assisted backcrossing technique with two simple sequence repeat markers, RM19776 and RM7311, as the tag for the Pi9 gene. Twenty BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>4</sub> lines with the Pi9 gene were resistant when challenged with MPO 988.3. The cluster analysis based on seven agronomic parameters showed that the resistant BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>4</sub> lines could be divided into four groups, of which the members in group 1 and 2 have shown comparable or better performance than MR220. Five lines in group 1, B220PI9-3-48, B220PI9-3-76, B220PI9-3-77, B220PI9-3-79 and B220PI9-3-82 showed outstanding yield performance with early maturation.

scholarly journals Intensitas Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) pada Padi Varietas Ciherang di Lokasi Endemik dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kehilangan Hasil

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarkus Suganda ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Hersanti Hersanti
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast

ABSTRACTDisease intensity of blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) of Ciherang rice variety at the endemic location and its effect on yield lossBlast is one of the most important diseases of rice worldwide. Many countries have developed data on the intensity and yield loss due to blast disease, whereas Indonesia has no such data resulted from trial specifically designed to estimate blast intensity at the endemic location and its potential yield loss. Such data are needed for various purposes, such as for disease management policy and research background. A trial has been carried out at Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi, a location where blast was endemic for years, using var. Ciherang that is known as susceptible and widely grown by farmers. Eight concentrations of fungicide of single as well as mix active ingredients were used to see the effects in suppressing blast diseases compared with of control. Trial used a Randomized Block Design with 5 replicates. The parameters observed were the intensity of leaf blast, neck blast and yield. The results showed that the disease intensity of var. Ciherang at the endemic location was 55.60% of leaf blast and 37.75% of neck blast. The potency of yield loss calculated was 3.65 ton/ha or equal with 61% of the average yield of var. Ciherang as described in its variety description. This number justifies the important of control measures of rice blast diseases.Keywords: Blast disease intensity, var. Ciherang, Potency of yield lossABSTRAKPenyakit blas merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada tanaman padi di seluruh dunia. Berbagai negara sudah memiliki data tentang intensitas dan kehilangan hasil padi oleh penyakit blas, sementara di Indonesia belum ada hasil pengujian yang khusus dirancang untuk melihat tingkat intensitas penyakit blas di daerah endemik dan potensi kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkannya. Data sejenis ini penting untuk berbagai keperluan antara lain untuk kebijakan pengendalian dan dasar pentingnya penelitian. Suatu percobaan telah dilakukan di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi yang merupakan daerah endemik penyakit blas selama bertahun-tahun, menggunakan var Ciherang yang merupakan varietas rentan namun populer ditanam petani. Delapan bahan aktif fungisida berbahan aktif tunggal dan majemuk digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh penekanannya dibandingkan kontrol. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit blas daun dan blas leher malai serta hasil padi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intensitas penyakit blas pada tanaman padi var. Ciherang di daerah endemik adalah 55,60% untuk blas daun, dan 37,75% untuk blas leher malai. Potensi kehilangan hasil oleh gabungan penyakit blas pada var. Ciherang adalah 3,65 ton/ha atau setara dengan 61% kehilangan hasil jika dibandingkan terhadap rata-rata produksi var. Ciherang menurut spesifikasi varietas. Data ini menjustifikasi perlunya pengambilan tindakan pengendalian penyakit blas pada tanaman padi.Kata Kunci: Intensitas penyakit blas, var. Ciherang, Potensi kehilangan hasil

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, from Thailand Using ISSR and SRAP Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apinya Longya ◽  
Sucheela Talumphai ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Srap Markers ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

Rice blast disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Pyricularia oryzae and is one of the most destructive rice diseases in the world. The objectives of this study were investigating various fungal morphological characteristics and performing a phylogenetic analysis. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to examine the genetic variation of 59 rice blast fungus strains, including 57 strains collected from different fields in Thailand and two reference strains, 70-15 and Guy11. All isolates used in this study were determined to be P. oryzae by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence confirmation. A total of 14 ISSR primers and 17 pairs of SRAP primers, which produced clear and polymorphic bands, were selected for assessing genetic diversity. A total of 123 polymorphic bands were generated. The similarity index value for the strains ranged from 0.25 to 0.95. The results showed that the blast fungus population in Thailand has both morphological and genetic variations. A high level of genetic variation, or genome adaptation, is one of the fungal mechanisms that could overcome host resistance to avoid host recognition. Results from this research study could bring substantial benefits and ultimately help to understand the blast fungal pathogen genome and the population structure in Thai blast fungus.

scholarly journals Virulence Pattern of Pyricularia oryzae Pathotypes Towards Blast Monogenic Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Siti Norsuha Misman ◽  
Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak ◽  
Nur Syahirah Ahmad Sobri ◽  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Virulence Pattern

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.

scholarly journals Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Sunder Man Shrestha ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Genotyping for Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) Resistance Genes in F2 Population of Supa Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. Kanyange ◽  
J. Kamau ◽  
O. Ombori ◽  
A. Ndayiragije ◽  
M. Muthini
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
R Genes ◽  
F2 Population

The ascomycete fungus, Pyricularia oryzae or Magnaporthe oryzae, is known to cause blast disease in more than 80 host plants of the Gramineae family—cereals including rice and grasses. The improvement of the Supa234 rice line (IR97012-27-3-1-1-B, containing badh2 gene for aroma) developed at IRRI-ESA Burundi consisted of introgression of R genes (Pita and Pi9) for blast resistance. The F2 population obtained via the cross had been screened for blast resistance using inoculation with Pyricularia oryzae spore’s suspension. The objectives of this study were to assess the presence of Pita and Pi9 genes for blast resistance and to assess the presence of the badh2 gene for aroma in the screened F2 plants using molecular markers. Genotyping was carried out in 103 F2 plants which grew to maturity using the KASP genotyping method with SNP markers (snpOS0007, snpOS0006, and snpOS0022) targeting the Pita and Pi9 genes for blast resistance and the badh2 gene for aromatic fragrance. The genotyping results showed that 38 F2 plants had the Pita gene present in both alleles, 31 F2 plants with the Pita gene in one allele, and only one plant (3B1) was found with the Pi9 gene in one allele. The badh2 gene for aroma was detected in 27 F2 plants on both alleles and in 57 F2 plants on one allele. There were thirteen plants which had both the Pita gene and the badh2 gene for aroma, and only one plant (3B1) had a combination of the three genes (Pita, Pi9, and badh2). Seven plants resistant to blast disease (2H2, 2H4, 1G2, 1C12, 1E13, 1B12, and 1C5) with the Pita and badh2 genes were found, and only one resistant plant (3B1) had a combination of the three genes Pi9, Pita, and badh2 which is recommended to be bulked for the development of the Supa aromatic rice variety resistant to blast disease. The plants generated by the best line 3B1 should further be evaluated for grain quality (Supa type) after F5 generation in the field.

scholarly journals Screening of Some Rice Germplasm for Resistance to Leaf Blast and Brown Plant Hopper

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. O Mbe ◽  
A. Isong ◽  
A. Ahmed ◽  
R. Saraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper

Blast is a major rice disease that can affect rice plant during all growth stages, wherein causing drastic yield loss globally. Host-plant resistance has been the most practical and cost effective approach to control insect pests and diseases in crops. Therefore, eighty (80) rice genotypes were screened for resistance to the leaf blast and brown plant hopper at Hybrid Rice Evaluation Centre, Gudalur, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study site is known as blast and brown plant hopper (BPH) hot spot in India. The genotypes were evaluated according to the standard evaluation system for rice. The results revealed that nineteen (19) genotypes namely; CB08504, CB13506, CB14528, CB14681, PR114, ORJ1141, CR3868-225-1-2-2-5, MTU1156, NDR2111-13-1, PAU3835-12-1-1-2, MTU1157, HKR08-1, CT16658-5-2-3SR-2-1MMP, IR10A136, CB14149, CO(R) 49, Ciherang, IR11A294 and EC578527 showed resistant reaction and 27 genotypes were found to be moderately resistant to the leaf blast disease. None of the genotypes was immune to BPH reaction. Four (4) genotypes were resistant, and twenty-three (23) were moderately resistant. The genotypes viz., CR3868-225-1-2-2-5 and NDR 2111-13-1 which were resistant to leaf blast showed moderate resistance to BPH. Genotypes like HHZ 17-DT-6-Sal3-DT 1, BRR 0015, PAU 3842-60-5-1-3, Vanjinathan and EC 465120 were moderately resistant to both blast and BPH. These genotypes identified may be utilized as genetic sources for multiple resistant genes in rice improvement.

scholarly journals Bacillus Cyclic Lipopeptides Iturin and Fengycin Control Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Potting and Acid Sulfate Soils by Direct Antagonism and Induced Systemic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Van Bach Lam ◽  
Thibault Meyer ◽  
Anthony Arguelles Arias ◽  
Marc Ongena ◽  
Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Rice monoculture in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is affected by a wide range of abiotic and biotic constraints, including rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. To progress towards a more sustainable agriculture, our research aimed to screen the biocontrol potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. against blast disease by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR) via root application and direct antagonism. Strains belonging to the B. altitudinis and B. velezensis group could protect rice against blast disease by ISR. UPLC–MS and marker gene replacement methods were used to detect cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) production and construct CLiPs deficient mutants of B. velezensis, respectively. Here we show that the CLiPs fengycin and iturin are both needed to elicit ISR against rice blast in potting soil and ASS conditions. The CLiPs surfactin, iturin and fengycin completely suppressed P. oryzae spore germination resulting in disease severity reduction when co-applied on rice leaves. In vitro microscopic assays revealed that iturin and fengycin inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus P. oryzae, while surfactin had no effect. The capacity of indigenous Bacillus spp. to reduce rice blast by direct and indirect antagonism in ASS conditions provides an opportunity to explore their usage for rice blast control in the field.

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