Role and Importance of Propaganda Work of Theatrical Art Workers on Formation of Public Legal Consciousness During the Period Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
O. S. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents

The article examines the problems of propaganda work carried out during the war as a basis for strengthening the legitimacy of the ruling Communist party in the USSR. The contribution of theater workers to the cohesion of Soviet society in the fight against fascism is investigated. New archival documents related to the propaganda work of Soviet cultural workers are introduced into scientific circulation.

scholarly journals Послевоенное искусство Свердловска (1946–1952 годы)

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
A.S. Ainutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the artistic life of Sverdlovsk after the Great Patriotic war. Information that was not previously the subject of special consideration is published. New archival documents, reproduction photographs of works of art (paintings, sculptures) and materials of art criticism related to the activities of the Sverdlovsk branch of the USSR Art Fund and the Sverdlovsk branch of the Union of Soviet artists are used and introduced into scientific circulation. Thanks to them, as well as an analysis of the decisions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in the field of Soviet cultural policy in 1946–1952, the article reconstructs and describes the artistic life in Sverdlovsk after the war. Статья посвящена художественной жизни Свердловска после Великой Отечественной войны. Публикуются сведения, ранее не являвшиеся предметом специального рассмотрения. Используются и вводятся в научный оборот новые архивные документы, репродукционные фотографии произведений искусства (живописи, скульптуры) и материалы художественной критики, связанные с деятельностью Свердловского отделения Художественного фонда СССР и Свердловского отделения Союза советских художников. Благодаря им, а также анализу решений ЦК ВКП(б) в области советской культурной политики в 1946–1952 гг., в статье восстанавливается и описывается состояние художественной жизни Свердловска после войны.

New Materials for Studying Preparation and Staging of the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957

2018 ◽  
pp. 550-563
Author(s):  
Daniel Sawert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Unique Event ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Local Traditions

The article assesses archival materials on the festival movement in the Soviet Union in 1950s, including its peak, the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students held in 1957 in Moscow. Even now the Moscow festival is seen in the context of international cultural politics of the Cold War and as a unique event for the Soviet Union. The article is to put the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in the context of other youth festivals held in the Soviet Union. The festivals of 1950s provided a field for political, social, and cultural experiments. They also have been the crucible of a new way of communication and a new language of design. Furthermore, festivals reflected the new (althogh relative) liberalism in the Soviet Union. This liberalism, first of all, was expressed in the fact that festivals were organized by the Komsomol and other Soviet public and cultural organisations. Taking the role of these organisations into consideration, the research draws on the documents of the Ministry of culture, the All-Russian Stage Society, as well as personal documents of the artists. Furthermore, the author has gained access to new archive materials, which have until now been part of no research, such as documents of the N. Krupskaya Central Culture and Art Center and of the central committees of various artistic trade unions. These documents confirm the hypothesis that the festivals provided the Komsomol and the Communist party with a means to solve various social, educational, and cultural problems. For instance, in Central Asia with its partiarchal society, the festivals focuced on female emancipation. In rural Central Asia, as well as in other non-russian parts of the Soviet Union, there co-existed different ways of celebrating. Local traditions intermingled with cultural standards prescribed by Moscow. At the first glance, the modernisation of the Soviet society was succesful. The youth acquired political and cultural level that allowed the Soviet state to compete with the West during the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students. During the festival, however, it became apparent, that the Soviet cultural scheme no longer met the dictates of times. Archival documents show that after the Festival cultural and party officials agreed to ease off dogmatism and to tolerate some of the foreign cultural phenomena.

scholarly journals Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mass Sources ◽  
Human Losses

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

scholarly journals They Arrived Completely Intact: The Evacuation of Chersonese Museum Collections to Sverdlovsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Military

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.

scholarly journals Activity of the Regional Polish United Workers’ Party Apparatus in 1970–1989

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Dariusz Standerski
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Capital City ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Archival Documents

Abstract The article aims to verify whether, in the 1980s, there was a significant decrease in the involvement of the regional communist party structures in charge of economic affairs in Poland. The analysis is made on the case of the Warsaw Committee (KW) of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP). Archival documents gathered in the State Archive in Warsaw were used to perform the analysis. The protocols of the meetings of the Executive and Secretariat 1970–1989 were collected, described and analysed. Moreover, the analysis was supplemented by the Statistical Yearbooks of Warsaw (GUS, 1957–1974), the Statistical Yearbooks of the Capital City of Warsaw (GUS, 1976–1981) and the Journal of Laws of the People's Republic of Poland 1970–1989. A statistical analysis of economic activity of the KW of the PUWP in the context of macroeconomic variables and economic activity of central authorities was performed. The correlation coefficient between macroeconomic performance and Party activity indicates the convergence of both trends in the 1970s and the lack of correlation in the 1980s. The decline in engagement after 1978 was unprecedented. In this period, there was a discrepancy between the activities of the central government and the Party apparatus, which remained in place until the end of the system. Institutional mechanisms in the Principal–Agent relation weakened significantly in 1980s.

The Soviet Legacy in Thinking about Fascism

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
Second World

This chapter goes back in time to look at the Soviet construction of the Russian term fashizm and some of the ambiguities that the Soviet society cultivated toward the term and its historical personification, Nazi Germany. It recalls that the term fascism (fashizm), in Soviet times, belonged more to an emotional than to an analytical lexicon. The chapter also discusses Russia's history and Russians' memories of the Second World War, called the Great Patriotic War in Russian (Velikaia otechestvennaia voina) and Victory Day (Den´ pobedy). It reviews how the cult of war is intimately linked to the Brezhnev era and provided the context in which commemoration of the Great Patriotic War was institutionalized as a sacred symbol of the Soviet Union, a confirmation of the soundness of the socialist system and the unity of its peoples. The chapter then argues that the very solemnity of Soviet anti-fascism, and its centrality to the country's political identity constitute the fundaments inherited from Soviet times on the basis of which the notion of fascism is operationalized in today's Russia. Ultimately, the chapter further elaborates the three main sources of the Soviet's cryptic fascination with Nazi Germany and source of knowledge about fashizm: the Nazi propaganda, criminal culture, and cinema and culture.

Беларусь после Чернобыля: От замалчивания к игнорированию

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Dalhouski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Full Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Aliaksandr Dalhouski Belarus after the Chernobyl Disaster: From Silence to Neglect The accident at Chernobyl was an anthropogenic disaster. In the period of the suppression of the disaster’s consequences (1986-1988), the Chernobyl accident was not perceived by the majority of Belarusians as a nation-wide tragedy. At the same time, those living in the Belorussian SSR did not possess civil rights, which prevented them from demanding compensation as a result of inflicted harm, and also they were denied full information about the impact of the disaster on the environment and human health. Such phenomena were a consequence of the state’s suppression of the disaster’s consequences as well as the weak ecological and legal consciousness of the victims in the BSSR. In the period of growing democracy (1989-1991), civic engagement came to the fore and created the perception of the catastrophe a nationwide tragedy. The protest movement forced the government to enact Chernobyl legal legislation. Within the framework of this legislation, massive resettlement was undertaken and a wide range of privileges were granted. With the emergence of an independent and authoritarian regime in the new state of Belarus in the early 1990s, the risks of radiation were downplayed by the social concerns of post-Soviet society, in which the Belarusian regime of President Alexander Lukashenko lessened the importance of the Chernobyl catastrophe.

Did the Soviet Union instruct Southeast Asian communists to revolt? New Russian evidence on the Calcutta Youth Conference of February 1948

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents

This article uses recently declassified archival documents from the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) concerning the Calcutta Youth Conference of February 1948. This evidence contradicts speculation that ‘orders from Moscow’ were passed to Southeast Asian communists at this time, helping to spark the rebellions in Indonesia, Malaya, Burma and the Philippines later that year. Secret working papers now available to researchers show no signs that the Soviet leadership planned to call upon Asian communists to rise up against their national bourgeois governments at this point in time. This article outlines the real story behind Soviet involvement in events leading up to the Calcutta Youth Conference, showing both a desire to increase information and links, and yet also a degree of caution over the prospects of local parties.

scholarly journals Military History Exposition at the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
T.V. Tishkina
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
Military History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Military

The process of forming the fund and the features of the military-historical exposition of the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul is considered. The institution has been operating since 2008 under the direction of O.V. Kakotkina. Museum Fund it is more than 12, 5 thousand of items. Considerable attention has been paid to manning collections reflecting wartime events. The article analyzes the exposition of the hall “Education in Barnaul during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)”. The museum staff and artist-designer N.A. Burdina carried out the exposition. When creating the exposition, the principles of scientificness, subjectivity and communication are observed. Over 230 exhibits are presented in the sections of the exposition: letters, photos, awards, archival documents, household items 1930-1940, artifacts obtained as a result of excavations at battlefields in the Novgorod region, etc. A variety of modern museum equipment was used to accommodate them. About 7000 people visit the museum annually. They get acquainted with the exposition of the hall during museum or in their own. It is noted that the activities of the museum are important for the preservation, study and promotion of the heritage of Barnaul educators.

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