scholarly journals They Arrived Completely Intact: The Evacuation of Chersonese Museum Collections to Sverdlovsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Military

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.

scholarly journals Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mass Sources ◽  
Human Losses

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

scholarly journals Military History Exposition at the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
T.V. Tishkina
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
Military History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Military

The process of forming the fund and the features of the military-historical exposition of the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul is considered. The institution has been operating since 2008 under the direction of O.V. Kakotkina. Museum Fund it is more than 12, 5 thousand of items. Considerable attention has been paid to manning collections reflecting wartime events. The article analyzes the exposition of the hall “Education in Barnaul during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)”. The museum staff and artist-designer N.A. Burdina carried out the exposition. When creating the exposition, the principles of scientificness, subjectivity and communication are observed. Over 230 exhibits are presented in the sections of the exposition: letters, photos, awards, archival documents, household items 1930-1940, artifacts obtained as a result of excavations at battlefields in the Novgorod region, etc. A variety of modern museum equipment was used to accommodate them. About 7000 people visit the museum annually. They get acquainted with the exposition of the hall during museum or in their own. It is noted that the activities of the museum are important for the preservation, study and promotion of the heritage of Barnaul educators.

scholarly journals The close consequences of the prolonged famine in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
L. P. Кhoroshinina ◽  
L. P. Churilov ◽  
A. V. Shabrov ◽  
N. О. Gonchar
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents

Relevance.The relevance of the topic is due to the increase in the number of starving children in the modern world and the increase in financial costs associated with the consequences of long-term starvation of children and adolescents.Intention.To systematize ideas about the consequences of starvation in children and adolescents via reintroducing the materials on the Leningrad siege into scientific circulation.Method.The available domestic and foreign sources of scientific literature and data of archival documents were studied.Result and their analysis. Information on the immediate consequences of prolonged famine in children and adolescents is presented. The results of scientific works of scientists, studying the consequences of prolonged starvation of Russian children in the early XX century, during the years of Leningrad siege and after the end of the Great Patriotic War.  Long-term starvation of children and adolescents causes profound changes in various organs and systems, having different effects on the physical status of children of different sex and age, largely predetermines the poor health in the subsequent years of life.Conclusion. The presented information is important for science and practice, since the occurrence of emergency situations in the modern world can be accompanied by prolonged famine or malnutrition of children.

A MODERN MUSEUM AS A SPACE OF MULTICULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A REVIEW OF CASES OF RUSSIA AND THE UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
SVETLANA ALTUKHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Host Society ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Communicative Strategy

Author considers the issue of transforming the communicative strategy of the modern museum as a promising center for multicultural communication. multicultural communication is understood as a process of interaction between immigrants and the host society. In addition, the inconsistency and ambiguity of understanding the content and consequences of increased immigration, as well as the changes that occur with cultural institutions, also make this story relevant. The author of the article focuses on how a cultural institution such as a museum responds to the challenge of complicated intercultural and multicultural communications in the modern world. The methodological basis for the study is the concept of the «post-museum» and the achievements of the Leyster school of museology in the studies of the communicative and inclusive activities of modern museums. The article presents the author's classification of the levels of work of museums with immigrants and their multicultural communication. The first level is exhibiting and representing the cultural heritage of immigration communities, the second level is attracting immigrants to co-authorship, and the third one is the implementation of comprehensive inclusive work with all ethnic and cultural groups.The highlighted levels are confirmed by real examples and cases from the experience of Russian and British museums, information about which is available on their official websites. In the course of the study, the main conclusions were made. Firstly, to date, there has been a shift in the functional structure of the museum from its custody functions to communication, and the process of interacting with visitors has begun to build on the principle of participation. Secondly, the museum, as a social institution that collects and presents objects of cultural heritage and historical artifacts, works, first of all, with the phenomena of «cultural memory» and «identity», not only representing the latter, but also constructing it through the exposition and museum activity. And thirdly, it is this circumstance that allows museums to become an effective platform for building a multicultural dialogue and processes of social inclusion.

scholarly journals “For Eternal Storage...”: Regimental Relics of the Era of Paul I

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Bella L. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Military History ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military

Military material culture (tangible expression of military history) does not belong to topics unfairly forgotten by researchers. However, in mo­dern practice, the lost cultural heritage is not researched as actively as the preserved one. This study aims to fill in some lacunae in the history of military material culture related to the practice of re-mel­ting precious metal objects. The issue is consi­dered on the example of Life-Cuirassier Her Majesty’s Regiment. The article highlights the key moments of the regiment’s history related to royal awards. It was, primarily, the short epoch of the reign of Paul I when silver timpani, trumpets and cuirasses received the status of regimental relics (1799). During the reign of his successor Alexander I, with a reduction in the cost of maintaining the army, the silver part of this regimental relics was re-melted. The money received made up the fund of the offi­cer’s insurance capital. Some more of the regimental relics, precious in every sense, were lost in the years of the Great Patriotic War. As a result, the military material culture of the era of Paul I, in particular the protective armament, is presented very poorly in modern museum collections. This research helps to describe its character and history of exis­tence. The main sources of stu­dying the lost relics is the history of the regiment and its regimental archive published by Colonel M.I. Markov. Graphic documents are used as additional sources. The article outlines the list of modern museum collections that store preserved items, partly similar (partially interchangeable) to the lost ones. Summing up the results of the work, the study of the lost material cultural heritage is a promising scantily-explored direction of military history.

scholarly journals Archival Buildings in Terms of Responding to the Emergencies

Atlanti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Jozef Hanus ◽  
Emília Hanusová
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Processing Treatment ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Safe Access ◽  
Term Storage

Preservation of archival documents, library materials and other objects and materials of cultural heritage is one of the principal tasks of archives, libraries, museums, galleries and other cultural memory institutions all over the world. The key role in this mission is played by appropriate building or space facilities which are the basic condition and requirement for proper functioning of any of these memory cultural institutions. They must provide not only facilities for long-term storage of archival documents, library materials and other objects of cultural heritage, their preservation, processing, treatment in order to enable and ensure proper and safe access to them but also to respond possible emergencies resulting from various potential emergencies and even threats. Some of them can be predicted, however, the others - especially caused by human factor in the broadest sense - are very difficult to be foreseen. This is the reason why close co-operation is unavoidable between archivists, conservators, architects, engineers and all experienced experts who can help already in planning either new building or reconstruction of adapted premises for archives purposes. It seems that at the present also the participation of experts from the field of safety and security would be very desirable.

scholarly journals Activities of the Bibliographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Vinogradova ◽  
Mikhail V. Levner
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Information Support ◽  
State University ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
State Library ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

On the eve of anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the authors turned to the previously unexplored subject, namely, the work of bibliographers of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the defence of the country. Before, the professional work of bibliographers during the War was not studied in this aspect that determines the relevance and scientific novelty of the topic under consideration. The purpose of the article is to show that during the War bibliography turned from ideological tool of the Party to form a new type of person into the only reliable information tool for solving the most important warfare and national economic problems in the wartime conditions.The article describes the work of the Commission for compilation of bibliography by countries, which was formed under the Section of the special libraries network of the USSR Academy of Sciences in May 1942. Based on the unique archival documents, the authors show for the first time how bibliographers of the libraries of the USSR Academy of Sciences in cooperation with colleagues from the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR, the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, the Central Polytechnic library and other major libraries of the country managed to provide the military leadership, scientists and specialists of the national economy with reliable timely information on problems that arose in wartime, up to making strategic decisions in the field of planning defence, offensives and radical reorganization of industry and agriculture. The authors conclude that the decent work of bibliographers in the war years, providing information for any level of decision-making, played its role in approaching the Victory. This is the basis for understanding the current role of library specialists, their professionalism and responsibility in the information support for the development of Russia.

scholarly journals Mission of the military chaplain on the battlefield and the Orthodox ethics during the World War I (on the example of Orenburg and Siberian Cossack troops

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Mikhailovich Latyshev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Chaplains ◽  
Military Chaplain ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church

Military clergy was one of the core translators of military norms and regulations in the Russian army during the early XX century. The goal of this article is to examine the concepts of Orthodox culture within the ethics of war of the military chaplains. Leaning on the memoirs of A. Turundaevsky and archival documents of the Orenburg and Siberian Cossack troops, the article reconstructs the mission of the military chaplain on the battlefield, analyzes the structure of concepts of Orthodox ethics therein. The study of the structure of the elements of Orthodox ethics in the mission of the military chaplain reveals the key ethical principles that are fundamental to military conflicts, when one of the parties grounds its military regulations on the Orthodox culture. It is determined that in the conditions of new requirements established for military clergy during the World War I (1914–1918), there were instances that the norms of the Orthodox ethics contradicted the mission of the chaplain on the battlefield. The acquired results reveal that the underlying principle of the mission of military chaplain, as the representative of the “militant church”, on the battlefield was “love for one's neighbor”. The understanding of Russia as the center of Orthodox culture and the perception of soldiers as “warriors of the church” prompted the clergy to implement the concept of “meekness” in their actions, as well as the concepts of “recumbence”, “Divine Providence”, etc. for comprehension of their actions.

scholarly journals The Hermitage and Hermitage Artists in the Urals. Unknown Pages (Based on the Archive Documents)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Kantor Julia
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Relationship Of

The article is devoted to the stay of the State Hermitage collections in Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic war. Based on the documents, the author of the article examines the events of the evacuation period, including the organization of evacuation, removal, problems with the placement of exhibits caused by the lack of necessary space for placing the most valuable exhibits, as well as the complexity of the Museum employees’ accommodation. The issue of emergency evacuation of art treasures from Leningrad before the beginning of the blockade has also been raised: curtailing expositions, packaging, routing. In the article it has been shown the participation of regional authorities in solving problems related to the storage of Museum exhibits, has payed attention to the relationship of Museum employees with Sverdlovsk residents, and the stories of mutual assistance and interaction between Sverdlovsk and Leningrad Museum workers have been examined. Also the author considers the aspects of Museum workers ' daily life, problems related to the placement of unique exhibits in Sverdlovsk, and the activities of Sverdlovsk and Republican party and state bodies that responded to the requirements of Museum employees to create the necessary storage conditions. In the article is considered the story related to the placement of the evacuated collections of the Chersonesos archaeological Museum, and it is mentioned that the Crimean artifacts became the part of the Ural branch of the Leningrad Museum. Attention is also paid to the collection of Sverdlovsk posters from the great Patriotic war that was discovered in the Hermitage in the post-Soviet period. The cycles of lectures on the Humanities organized by the Hermitage branch at the Sverdlovsk University, Pedagogical, Legal and Medical Institutes, the Industrial Institute and the Regional Art School have also been referred to in the publication. The article shows the multi-faceted scientific activity of employees of Sverdlovsk branch of the Hermitage who conducted or completed serious scientific research during the evacuation period. One of the most important events during the period when the Hermitage exhibits were in Sverdlovsk was the Exhibition "The heroic military past of the Russian people" (1943). The article is also focused on the multifaceted restoration and educational activities of the Hermitage, which became the basis for professional and personal contacts between Leningrad and Sverdlovsk residents and has continued for 75 years.

scholarly journals FIGHTING ON THE TERRITORY OF NORTH OSSETIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
German Army ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Working People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
The Military ◽  
North Ossetia

В статье анализируются боевые действия на территории нашей республики, проходившие в годы Великой Отечественной войны в 1942 г. Актуальность исследования боевых действий обусловлена тем, что история второй мировой войны, несмотря на интенсивную разработку ее проблем на протяжении всех лет последующих после ее завершения, все еще таит в себе много слабоосвещенных или совсем неизученных страниц. Цель исследования – на примере подвигов воинов Северной Осетии, сражавшихся на всех фронтах Великой Отечественной войны, показать героизм, мужество, патриотизм всех участников боевых действий. Несмотря на то, что прошло уже больше 75 лет, необходимо продолжить поиск сведений обо всех активных участниках Великой Отечественной войны, партизанского движения, подпольной борьбы в тылу врага и движения Сопротивления. Есть потребность в изучении таких моментов истории, как борьба трудящихся Северной Осетии в тылу немецко-фашистских захватчиков, героизм рабочего класса, колхозного крестьянства Северной Осетии в период войны, провал оккупационной политики немцев в России, а в частности на Кавказе. В данном исследовании были рассмотрены монографии, статьи, архивные документы, на основе которых были сделаны выводы о том, что события, происходившие на территории Северной Осетии в 1942 г., внесли свой вклад в победу над немецкой армией в Битве за Кавказ и в дальнейшее освобождение нашей страны от немецко-фашистских захватчиков. Столица Северной Осетии ‒ Владикавказ по праву остается в истории городом, который не только выстоял в самый критический период Великой Отечественной войны, но вселил уверенность в окончательном разгроме немецкой армии. Удар по немецко-фашистским войскам под Владикавказом стал прологом наступления наших войск под Сталинградом, началом общего наступления советских войск на других фронтах Великой Отечественной войны. The article analyzes the military operations on the territory of our republic, which took place during the Great Patriotic War in 1942. The relevance of the study of military operations is accounted by the fact that the history of the Second World War, despite the intensive development of its problems throughout all the years following its completion, still conceals many not comprehensively lit and explored pages. On the example of the exploits of the soldiers of North Ossetia, who fought on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War. It is important to show the heroism, courage, and patriotism of all participants in the fighting. Despite the fact that more than 75 years have passed, it is necessary to continue searching for information about all the active participants of the Great Patriotic War, the partisan movement, the underground struggle behind enemy lines and the resistance movement, to continue studying such historical moments as the struggle of the working people of North Ossetia in the rear of the Nazi invaders, the heroism of the working class, the collective farm peasantry of North Ossetia during the war, the failure of the occupation policy of the Germans in Russia, and in particular in the Caucasus. In this study, monographs, articles, and archival documents were considered, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn that the events that took place on the territory of North Ossetia in 1942 contributed to the victory over the German army in the Battle for the Caucasus, and to the further liberation of our country from the Nazi invaders. The capital of North Ossetia, the city of Vladikavkaz, rightfully remains in history a city that not only survived the most critical period of the Great Patriotic War, but also inspired confidence in the final defeat of the German army. The attack on the German-fascist troops at Vladikavkaz was the prologue of the offensive of our troops at Stalingrad, the beginning of the general offensive of the Soviet troops on other fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

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