scholarly journals Fabrication PEGDA/ANFs Biomaterial as 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffold by DLP 3D Printing Tecshnology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Fused Deposition

Although traditional fabrication methods (electrospinning, solvent casting, freeze drying, etc...) can be used to produce scaffold, unfortunately, each of them has many limitations such as difficulty to control distinct 3D structure and porosity. These limitations can be easily overcome by unconventional techniques such as Fused Deposition Method (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Stereolithography (SLA) to produce tissue engineering scaffold. Among the three, SLA offers the lowest cost, fastest printing speed and highest resolution. Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing process is one of the SLA techniques which has been used a lot to fabricate tissue engineering scaffold based on Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) material. However, there is no report published on the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffold based PEGDA filled with Aramid Nanofiber (ANFs). Hence, the feasible parameter setting for fabricating this material using DLP technique is currently unknown. The aim of this work is to establish the best feasible condition to fabricate PEGDA/ANFs 3D scaffold. ANFs was synthesized first from macro size Kevlar fiber prior to crosslinking with Diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) photoinitiator. The mixing ratio of PEGDA resin to ANFs was fixed to 9:1. The concentration of TPO was varied at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.7% wt. while the resin concentration was fixed at 30% during the mixing to produce three set of biomaterials. Calibration printing was conducted prior to actual printing with the purpose of eliminating unprintable TPO concentration. The final scaffold was printed using DLP machine (FEMTO…) at two different curing times i.e 70 and 80s to obtain a good shape and printable 3D structure. The synthesized ANFs showed that a single diameter in nano size at a range of 50 nm ~ 80 nm was able to produce. During calibration printing, it was found that 1.7%wt of TPO failed to produce a 3D profile shape. The final printing results of 0.5%wt and 1%wt of TPO were compared after being cured at 70s and 80s. It was observed that the printed 3D scaffold of 1%wt TPO at 70s curing time produces the most discernable shape of tensile specimen (ISO 37:2011) than the other three conditions. The findings from this study can be potentially used a guideline for developing a 3D structure of tissue engineering scaffold by using DLP 3D printing process.

scholarly journals Fabrication 3d Tissue Engineering Scaffold Poly(Ethylene) Diacrylate Filled with Aramid Nanofiber: Mechanical Evaluation and Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997-2006
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of the optimum scaffold fabrication method becomes challenging due to a variety of manufacturing methods, existing biomaterials and technical requirements. Although, Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing process is one of the SLA techniques which commonly used to fabricate tissue engineering scaffold, however, there is no report published on the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffold-based PEGDA filled with Aramid Nanofiber (ANFs). Hence, the feasible parameter setting for fabricating this material using DLP technique is currently unknown. This work aims to establish the feasible setting parameter via DLP 3D printing to fabricate PEGDA/ANFs 3D tissue engineering scaffold. Preliminary study has been done to identify the accurate composition and curing time setting in producing scaffold. In this work, the researcher has proved the potential and capability of these novel composition biomaterial PEGDA/ANFs to be print via DLP-3D printing technique to form a 3D structure which is not yet been established and has not reported elsewhere.

scholarly journals Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Tablets Using Photoreactive Suspensions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Krkobabić ◽  
Djordje Medarević ◽  
Nikola Pešić ◽  
Dragana Vasiljević ◽  
Branka Ivković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are based on successive material printing layer-by-layer and are considered suitable for the production of dosage forms customized for a patient’s needs. In this study, tablets of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATH) have been successfully fabricated by a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. Initial materials were photoreactive suspensions, composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 700 (PEGDA 700), poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG 400), photoinitiator and suspended ATH. The amount of ATH was varied from 10.00 to 25.00% (w/w), and a range of doses from 12.21 to 40.07 mg has been achieved, indicating the possibility of personalized therapy. The rheological characteristics of all photoreactive suspensions were appropriate for the printing process, while the amount of the suspended particles in the photoreactive suspensions had an impact on the 3D printing process, as well as on mechanical and biopharmaceutical characteristics of tablets. Only the formulation with the highest content of ATH had significantly different tensile strength compared to other formulations. All tablets showed sustained drug release during at least the 8h. ATH crystals were observed with polarized light microscopy of photoreactive suspensions and the cross-sections of the tablets, while no interactions between ATH and polymers were detected by FT-IR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Polymer-Based Single Step Waveguide by 3D Printing Digital Light Processing Technology for Isopropanol Alcohol-Concentration Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kankan Swargiary ◽  
Romuald Jolivot ◽  
Waleed Soliman Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Core

AbstractA polymer based horizontal single step waveguide for the sensing of alcohol is developed and analyzed. The waveguide is fabricated by 3-dimensional (3D) printing digital light processing (DLP) technology using monocure 3D rapid ultraviolet (UV) clear resin with a refractive index of n = 1.50. The fabricated waveguide is a one-piece tower shaped ridge structure. It is designed to achieve the maximum light confinement at the core by reducing the effective refractive index around the cladding region. With the surface roughness generated from the 3D printing DLP technology, various waveguides with different gap sizes are printed. Comparison is done for the different gap waveguides to achieve the minimum feature gap size utilizing the light re-coupling principle and polymer swelling effect. This effect occurs due to the polymer-alcohol interaction that results in the diffusion of alcohol molecules inside the core of the waveguide, thus changing the waveguide from the leaky type (without alcohol) to the guided type (with alcohol). Using this principle, the analysis of alcohol concentration performing as a larger increase in the transmitted light intensity can be measured. In this work, the sensitivity of the system is also compared and analyzed for different waveguide gap sizes with different concentrations of isopropanol alcohol (IPA). A waveguide gap size of 300 µm gives the highest increase in the transmitted optical power of 65% when tested with 10 µL (500 ppm) concentration of IPA. Compared with all other gaps, it also displays faster response time (t = 5 seconds) for the optical power to change right after depositing IPA in the chamber. The measured limit of detection (LOD) achieved for 300 µm is 0.366 µL. In addition, the fabricated waveguide gap of 300 µm successfully demonstrates the sensing limit of IPA concentration below 400 ppm which is considered as an exposure limit by “National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health”. All the mechanical mount and the alignments are done by 3D printing fused deposition method (FDM).

Hochproduktiver fertigungsangepasster 3D-Druck/Productive and manufacturing adjusted 3D printing

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
J. Prof. Bliedtner ◽  
M. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Large Format ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Das FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)-Verfahren ist aufgrund der Vielzahl von industriellen und privaten Anwendungen gegenwärtig das erfolgreichste 3D-Druck-Verfahren. Ziel des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojektes „HP3D“ ist die effiziente Herstellung von großformatigen Bauteilen in einem echten 3D-Verfahren aus frei wählbaren thermoplastischen Kunststoffen. An die Umsetzung des Projekts wurde sehr komplex herangegangen, um zu garantieren, dass die mechanischen und dynamischen Eigenschaften der aufgebauten Teile den konzipierten Eigenschaften entsprechen.   The FDM process is currently the most successful 3D printing process due to the multitude of industrial and private applications. The aim of the research and development project HP3D is the efficient production of large-format components in a real 3D process made of freely selectable thermoplastics. The implementation of the project has been very complex in order to ensure that the mechanical and dynamic properties of the assembled parts correspond to the designed properties.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽  
Souha H. Youssef ◽  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

Effect of print orientation on microstructural features and mechanical properties of 3D porous structures printed with continuous digital light processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1029
Author(s):  
Javier Navarro ◽  
Matthew Din ◽  
Morgan Elizabeth Janes ◽  
Jay Swayambunathan ◽  
John P. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biaxial Loading ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simple Compression ◽  
Microct Imaging ◽  
Microporous Scaffolds ◽  
Part Orientation

Purpose This paper aims to study the effects of part orientation during the 3D printing process, particularly to the case of using continuous digital light processing (cDLP) technology. Design/methodology/approach The effects of print orientation on the print accuracy of microstructural features were assessed using microCT imaging and mechanical properties of cDLP microporous scaffolds were characterized under simple compression and complex biaxial loading. Resin viscosity was also quantified to incorporate this factor in the printing discussion. Findings The combined effect of print resin viscosity and the orientation and spacing of pores within the structure alters how uncrosslinked resin flows within the construct during cDLP printing. Microstructural features in horizontally printed structures exhibited greater agreement to the design dimensions than vertically printed constructs. While cDLP technologies have the potential to produce mechanically isotropic solid constructs because of bond homogeneity, the effect of print orientation on microstructural feature sizes can result in structurally anisotropic porous constructs. Originality/value This work is useful to elucidate on the specific capabilities of 3D printing cDLP technology. The orientation of the part can be used to optimize the printing process, directly altering parameters such as the supporting structures required, print time, layering, shrinkage or surface roughness. This study further detailed the effects on the mechanical properties and the print accuracy of the printed scaffolds.

scholarly journals The Applications of 3D Printing for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Tao ◽  
Jacqueline Kort-Mascort ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Hieu M. Pham ◽  
André M. Charbonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Craniofacial Tissue ◽  
And Cartilage

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology in the field of dentistry. It uses a layer-by-layer manufacturing technique to create scaffolds that can be used for dental tissue engineering applications. While several 3D printing methodologies exist, such as selective laser sintering or fused deposition modeling, this paper will review the applications of 3D printing for craniofacial tissue engineering; in particular for the periodontal complex, dental pulp, alveolar bone, and cartilage. For the periodontal complex, a 3D printed scaffold was attempted to treat a periodontal defect; for dental pulp, hydrogels were created that can support an odontoblastic cell line; for bone and cartilage, a polycaprolactone scaffold with microspheres induced the formation of multiphase fibrocartilaginous tissues. While the current research highlights the development and potential of 3D printing, more research is required to fully understand this technology and for its incorporation into the dental field.

A Heuristic Scaling Strategy for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Poudel ◽  
Chandler Blair ◽  
Jace McPherson ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Wenchao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract While three-dimensional (3D) printing has been making significant strides over the past decades, it still trails behind mainstream manufacturing due to its lack of scalability in both print size and print speed. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is an emerging technology that holds the promise to mitigate both of these issues by having a swarm of printhead-carrying mobile robots working together to finish a single print job cooperatively. In our previous work, we have developed a chunk-based printing strategy to enable the cooperative 3D printing with two fused deposition modeling (FDM) mobile 3D printers, which allows each of them to print one chunk at a time without interfering with the other and the printed part. In this paper, we present a novel method in discretizing the continuous 3D printing process, where the desired part is discretized into chunks, resulting in multi-stage 3D printing process. In addition, the key contribution of this study is the first working scaling strategy for cooperative 3D printing based on simple heuristics, called scalable parallel arrays of robots for 3DP (SPAR3), which enables many mobile 3D printers to work together to reduce the total printing time for large prints. In order to evaluate the performance of the printing strategy, a framework is developed based on directed dependency tree (DDT), which provides a mathematical and graphical description of dependency relationships and sequence of printing tasks. The graph-based framework can be used to estimate the total print time for a given print strategy. Along with the time evaluation metric, the developed framework provides us with a mathematical representation of geometric constraints that are temporospatially dynamic and need to be satisfied in order to achieve collision-free printing for any C3DP strategy. The DDT-based evaluation framework is then used to evaluate the proposed SPAR3 strategy. The results validate the SPAR3 as a collision-free strategy that can significantly shorten the printing time (about 11 times faster with 16 robots for the demonstrated examples) in comparison with the traditional 3D printing with single printhead.

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