scholarly journals A Novel Z-blade Reaction Type Turbine for Low Head Low Flow Water Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1370-1374
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Low Head

This paper discusses the performance characteristics on efficiency and applicability of the test unit under low-head and low-flow condition for a novel Z-blade reaction type hydraulic turbine. Unlike large hydro power system, this technology’s superiority lies in the fact that it can harness electrical energy even from a small stream of water as energy sources and it does not poses any adverse environmental impact. This turbine was developed for an ideal and practical case which investigated applying the principal equations that were derived using the philosophies of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Assuming frictional losses factor or k-factor for different operating head, the relationship between rotor diameter, angular speed, flow rate, and power output was plotted and elaborated with allusion to the experimental data. Experiments were carried out at 5m head and below with the water flow rate less than 2.5L/sec, and it was evaluated against theoretical results. The turbine has a capability to achieve high values of rotational speed (up to 500 rpm) with minimal mass flow rate and high efficiency (up to 78%) at low head water condition (5m).

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Z-Blade Reaction Type Turbine for Low-Head Low Flowrate Pico Hydro

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Mohd Farriz Basar ◽  
Fatin Syakira Mohd Hassan ◽  
Nurul Ashikin Rais ◽  
Izzatie Akmal Zulkarnain ◽  
Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Low Head

The study explores the performance characteristics of a Z-Blade reaction type water turbine and investigates a test unit for an ideal and practical case using the governing equations derived from the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Various analyses are conducted with consideration of the ideal and possible operating condition for low-head (3 m to 5 m) and low-flow (2.5 L/sec and below) water resources. The relationship of the fluid flow friction known as k-factor with mass flow rate and angular velocity for a Z-Blade turbine model is discussed. The measured performance of two PVC pipe sizes (0.5 inch and 1 inch) of a Z-Blade turbine is presented and evaluated against theoretical results. This work also describes the simple concept of a Z-Blade turbine for a pico-hydro application. A large variation in k-factor with a 1% difference in rotational speed and mass flow rate is presented. The coefficient k-factor is also demonstrated as a strong parameter influencing the mass flow rate and rotational speed performance. This coefficient also has a significant impact on the conversion of potential energy into power output.

CFD Analysis on the Flat Runner Blades of Propeller’s Turbine under Low Head and Low Flow Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masjuri Musa Othman ◽  
Juhari Ab Razak ◽  
Mohd Farriz Bashar ◽  
Nor Salim Muhammad ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Flat Profile ◽  
User Friendly

Hydropower is one of the most widely source to produce electricity for domestic houses as well as for industries around the world. However, for those off-grid settlements the pico-hydro scheme is more suitable due to its cost-effectiveness (less maintenance), clean, user-friendly and do not involved with huge construction works. Even the installation of this type of hydropower scheme is very simple as do it yourself (DIY) concept. One of the most popular pico-hydro turbines which have been implemented widely in rural areas until nowadays is propeller type or also known as axial turbine. Propeller turbine is selected because it is suitable to operate under low head with high flow rate condition. However, in this particular case, low head with low flow rate of water are the two main parameters which need to be considered. This is because during dry or drought season the water level of the rivers will become low and fluctuated, and this scenario affected the performance of the propeller turbine itself. In order to overcome this problem, the runner blades of the propeller turbine need to be redesigned to suit with this nature behavior. Therefore, in this study the runner blades with flat profile with few different angles and number of blades will be applied under 2 meters head. On the other hand, since the low flow is another parameter which needs to be focused therefore the value of the water flow rate has been set to 13 l/s. Analysis tools such as Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is applied in this study in order to determine the most optimum results based from few selected parameters which has been mentioned. From the CFD’s final result, 3 blades with angle 300 was the best combination among the parameters involved.

scholarly journals Parametric analysis on a simple design water reaction turbine for low-head low-flow Pico-hydro generation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 8356-8363
Author(s):  
Nurul Ashikin Mohd Rais ◽  
M. F. Basar
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Low Head

This paper presents a parametric analysis of the outward flow reaction type turbine known as a Z-Blade turbine for low-head low-flow conditions. By applying the principles of mass conservation, momentum and energy, a nomogram was designed to investigate the theoretical performance characteristics. Based on the parametric analysis and the governing equations and experimental results, attempts have been made to prove that the mass flow rate, angular speed, centrifugal head, power output and efficiency respond dynamically to the water head, radius of the rotor, size of the PVC pipes and the nozzle exit area. A turbine with a 1” pipe diameter gives a higher performance compared to a 1/2” pipe diameter, and certainly the performances of both pipe sizes are improved when the supplied potential energy is increased. This innovative turbine has a maximum rotational speed at an optimum turbine diameter at 0.6m, accompanied by a point where there is a sudden reduction in the water flow rate, where previously the increment in the water flow rate was very high. This can shows from the outcome nomogram with 1” pipe diameter can perform 350 rpm speed with 1.48 L/sec water flow. The Z-Blade turbine has been examined and has shown good potential to be used for low-head (3m, 4m and 5m) and low-flow (less than 2.5 L/sec) conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Reaction Typed Water Turbine in Very Low Head Water Resources for Pico Hydro

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Mohd Farriz Basar ◽  
Nurul Ashikin M Rais ◽  
Azhan Ab Rahman ◽  
Wan Azani Mustafa ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Nozzle Exit ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Low Head

The purpose of this research is to investigate the dominant parameters that influence the optimum performance of reaction typed turbine at very low water head. The concepts of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are utilised to explore performance characteristics using a graphical technique. Parametric analysis of the governing equation and experimental results were performed to show that the turbine diameter and nozzle exit area has a dynamic response to mass flow rate, angular speed, output power and efficiency. Depending on the nozzle diameter of (0.01 m, 0.006 m, and 0.008 m) and turbine pipe size with (diameter of 0.025 m and 0.015 m), six versions of prototype turbine Z-blade turbine were produced. All the turbines have been tested at 100 kPa static water pressures and below. According to a variety of experimental data for all types of turbines, the turbine diameter and nozzle exit area have a substantial impact on turbine performance, especially at high water heads. Despite differences in turbine length and nozzle exit area, more than 90 % of the pattern curves for rotational speed, water flow rate, and mechanical power were identical. Overall, the Z-blade turbine Type B outperforms, resulting in higher turbine efficiency at low head and low flow water condition.

Simulation on Linear-Motor-Driven Water Hydraulic Reciprocating Plunger Pump

2013 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Meng Zhang ◽  
Yong Jun Gong ◽  
Jiao Yi Hou ◽  
Han Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Linear Motor ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Pulsation ◽  
Plunger Pump ◽  
Water Hydraulic

The water hydraulic reciprocating plunger pump driven by linear motor is suitable to deep sea application with high efficiency and variable control. Aiming to study the principle structure and working characteristics of the pump, two patterns of valve and piston distribution were designed. And the control method and the performance were analyzed by simulation based on the AMESim model. The results show that the pressure and flow pulsation of piston type pump are much smaller than the valve type, even though the piston type is large in scale and works at low flow rate. Compared with a valve distribution tri-linear-motor reciprocating plunger pump (VDTLMP), as the flow rate of the piston distribution double linear motor reciprocating plunger pump (PDDLMP) is decreased from 36.7 L/min to 21.2 L/min theoretically, the pressure pulsation amplitude is decreased from 46% to 2%, and the flow pulsation rate is also decreased from 0.266 to 0.007. These results contribute to the research on deep-sea water hydraulic power pack and direct drive pump with high efficiency and energy conservation.

scholarly journals Reactive Transport and Its Implications on Heavy Oil HTGC Analysis. A Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Chemical (THC) Multiphysics Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Margarita Hernandez-Baez ◽  
Alastair Reid ◽  
Antonin Chapoy ◽  
Bahman Tohidi ◽  
Roda Bounaceur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Multiphysics Modelling ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
Modelling Approach

This chapter provides an insight into the reactive transport in a capillary column which heavy-oil hydrocarbons undergo when analysed by high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC), and their implications on characterisation outcomes, namely thermal cracking of the injected sample; and incomplete or non-elution of heavy components from the column, by using a coupled Thermo-Hydro-Chemical (THC) multiphysics modelling approach. For this purpose, a computational coupled THC, multicomponent, multi-physics model is developed, accounting for: multiphase equilibrium using an in-house, extended thermodynamics distribution factors dataset, up to nC98H198; transport and fluid flow in COMSOL and MATLAB; and chemical reactions using kinetics and mechanisms of the thermal cracking, in CHEMKIN. The determination of the former extended dataset is presented using two complementary HTGC modes: i) High-Efficiency mode, with a long column operated at low flow rate; and ii) true SimDist mode, with a short column operated at high flow rate and elution up to nC100H202.

Deterministic Decomposition of the Unsteady Flow in a Unidirectional Axial Turbine for OWC Plant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Alvarez Bertrand ◽  
Jesús Manuel Fernández Oro ◽  
Bruno Pereiras García ◽  
Manuel García Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Oscillating Water Column ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Deterministic Framework ◽  
Energy Plants

The “twin-turbine” configuration has recently emerged as a feasible possibility for unidirectional turbines to be introduced in Oscillating Water Column wave energy plants without requiring auxiliary rectifying systems. Previous investigations by the authors have been focused on the development of a numerical CFD model to analyze the performance of a unidirectional axial turbine for twin turbine configuration in an OWC system. In this paper, all these numerical databases are further post-processed using a deterministic framework to give more insight about the flow patterns within the turbine. The final objective is the analysis of the unsteady features of the flow and the stator-rotor interactions using a deterministic decomposition. The present study reveals that levels of deterministic unsteadiness in the inter-row region are moderate, being more intense as the flow rate is decreased. Turbulence intensities are also observed to be clearly prominent in case of lower flow rates. Although these findings appear to be contradictory with the high-efficiency low flow rates of the turbine, the major levels of stator-rotor unsteadiness at higher flow rates (shown by the deterministic decomposition) justify the serious penalty in the aerodynamic efficiency as the turbine flow rate is increased. Finally, some advices with respect the design of the vane row in the turbine stage are given to control the generation of turbulence and stator-rotor interaction.

201 Impact of Water Flow Rate on Finishing Pig Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Hannah E Miller ◽  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
Crystal L Levesque ◽  
Robert C Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
High Treatment

Abstract A survey of South Dakota pork producers in 2019 demonstrated that water flow rate for nipple drinkers was highly variable among barns. Sixty-eight percent had water flow rates above the recommended rate of 500–1,000 mL/min (NSNG, 2010). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of water flow rate on finishing pig performance during the summer months. A total of 396 mixed-sex pigs, in two groups, were utilized in a 77-day trial (34.55 to103.8 kg BW) with 6 pigs/pen. Pens were assigned to one of three water flow rates (high, medium, low) based on the 3-hole diameters of the commercial water nipples used in the facility (2.0, 1.0, 0.80 mm; n = 22 pens/treatment). Daily water usage was recorded for each treatment along with room temperature, outside temperature, and relative humidity. Individual pen water flow rate was recorded every two weeks. At every diet phase change (26± 2.6 days), feed disappearance and individual pig body weight were recorded. Water flow rates averaged 1846±188, 906±214, 508±100 mL/min for high, medium, and low flow rates, respectively. Daily water disappearance for high, medium, and low treatments were 6.8, 2.3, 1.7±3.2 liters/pig, respectively. Final body weight (BW; 103.8±7.4 kg) did not differ. Daily gain (ADG) from 34.5±4.5 to 55.5±4.6 kg BW was greatest (P < 0.05) for high treatment. Daily intake (ADFI) and gain:feed (G:F) from 55.5±4.6 to 79.1±5.3 kg BW were greatest (P < 0.05) for high treatment. Cumulative ADFI was 2.27, 2.18, 2.16±0.16 kg (P < 0.05) in high, medium, and low flow ranges, respectively. There was no differences in cumulative ADG or G:F. Water flow rate had a significant impact on ADFI although there was minimal impact on gain and G:F. Water nipples should be regularly checked as part of normal barn maintenance to ensure adequate, but not excessive, water is available.

PENGARUH PITCH SUDU TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN ULIR

KURVATEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Harianto harianto Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Incline Angle ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
Turbine Output

Abstrak                Sumber tenaga air dengan head  rendah di Indonesia masih banyak yang belum termanfaatkan sehingga perlu dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan secra optimal. Salah satu turbin yang mampu bekerja pada head  rendah adalah turbin ulir. Banyak parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja turbin ulir, di antaranya adalah jumlah sudu, jumlah lilitan, jarak antar sudu,  sudut kemiringan, dan debit. Sehubungan dengan hal ini maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui harga parameter-parameter tersebut pada kondisi kinerja optimalnya.             Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui pengaruh pitch sudu , kemiringan sudu dan laju aliran air masuk terhadap putaran, daya output dan efisiensi turbin ulir. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap suatu model turbin ulir dengan dengan diameter luar ulir (d0) 10,10 cm, ulir tunggal ,  dan panjang ulir 43 cm, dengan variasi sudut kemiringan antara 100 sampai 450, variasi laju aliran air 84 l/menit, 95 l/menit dan 105 l/menit,dan variasi  jarak antar sudu (p) 2 cm, 3 cm , 4 cm Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh putaran maksimum 240 rpm pada laju aliran air 105 liter/menit ,   sudut kemiringan 20 0,dan pitch sudu 3 cm     menghasilkan daya maksimum 5,558 W dengan efisiensi maksimum sebesar 44,349. Kata-kata Kunci: turbin ulir, head rendah, daya, efisiensi ,pitch   Abstract   Indonesia has many low head hidro power energy  resources that have not been in use yet, so it is needed to be developed and exploited. One of the low head hydro power turbines is Archemedian srew turbine. There are many parameters and variables that influence to the performance of the turbines, such as number and pitch of blades, inclination angle, and flow rate.                The objective of the risearch is to investigate the influences of pitch of blades, inclination angle and flow rate to the turbine output power and turbine eficiency.                The research has been conducted in a 10.1 outside diameter  , 43 cm length  model screw turbine, in which pitch of blades was varied in  2 cm ,3 cm and 4 cm, inclination angle was varied in 10 0 ,150 , 200, 250 , 300, 350 and  45 0 and flow rate was varied in   84 l/min, 95 l/min and 105 l/min.                It is concluded from the research that maximum rotation 240 rpm, maximum power output is 5,558 Watt, maximum eficiency is 44,349 %, and they are reached at 105 l/men flow rate, 20 0  incline angle. and 3 cm pitch blades.  Keywords : screw turbine, low head, power, eficiency, pitch.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document