scholarly journals Investigation Misbehavior Configuration Nodes with Secure Neighborhood on Energy Consumption for DYMO Routing Protocol in MANETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Uppe Nanaji ◽  
S.Pallam Setty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
Demand Routing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Random Waypoint

We calculate misbehavior of energy consumption during configuration nodes between neighborhood nodes with specific investigation on secure environment with DYMP routing Protocol. An experimental analysis of DYMO, M-DYMO (misbehavior DYMO), S-DYMO (Secure-DYMO) has been carried out using QualNet 5.1 simulator. The simulation results have been derived using self-created network scenarios by incorporating secure neighborhood in de-facto DYMO by varying the network size as small, medium and large, Node Traversal Time, ART, Buffer Size. From the experiment results, it has been concluded that energy consumption increases as security is incorporated in the existing routing protocol. From the results, the variance of total energy consumed in all modes of energy (transmit, receive and idle) for nodes in DYMO,M-DYMO and S-DYMO under Random waypoint Mobility Model is maximum for larger network size which is 3.380037 mj , 3.363414 mj and 3.612123 mj. For random waypoint mobility model the variance of total energy consumed in all modes of energy is maximum at 0.2320866668 at 115 nodes. In this research paper, an effort has been made to investigate the impact of secure neighborhood on energy consumption and QoS metrics of Dynamic MANETs On-Demand (routing protocol) (DYMO) in MANETS.

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

scholarly journals Non-Renewable Energy and Macroeconomic Efficiency of Seven Major Oil Producing Economies in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabanji Benjamin Awodumi ◽  
Adebowale Musefiu Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Macroeconomic Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study adopted two-stage DEA to estimate the technical efficiency scores and assess the impact of the two most important components of fossil fuel associated with oil production on macroeconomic efficiency of Seven oil producing African countries during 2005-2012. Our results showed that increasing the consumption of natural gas would improve technical efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the share of fossil fuel in total energy consumption has negative effect on the efficiency of the economies of the top African oil producers. Also, we found that increasing the consumption of primary energy improves efficiency in these economies. We therefore, recommend that governments and other stakeholders in the energy industry should adopt inclusive strategies that will promote the use of natural gas in the short term. However, in the long-run, efforts should be geared towards increasing the use of primary energy, thereby reducing the percentage share of fossil fuel in total energy consumption.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Energy Consumption in American Homes by Climate Region

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Luciana Debs ◽  
Jamie Metzinger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Equipment ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Residential Energy Consumption Survey ◽  
The Impact

The present research analyzes the impact of nine factors related to household demographics, building equipment, and building characteristics towards a home’s total energy consumption while controlling for climate. To do this, we have surveyed single-family owned houses from the 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) dataset and controlled the analysis by Building America climate zones. Our findings are based on descriptive statistics and multiple regression models, and show that for a median-sized home in three of the five climate zones, heating equipment is still the main contributor to a household’s total energy consumed, followed by home size. Social-economic factors and building age were found relevant for some regions, but often contributed less than size and heating equipment towards total energy consumption. Water heater and education were not found to be statistically relevant in any of the regions. Finally, solar power was only found to be a significant factor in one of the regions, positively contributing to a home’s total energy consumed. These findings are helpful for policymakers to evaluate the specificities of climate regions in their jurisdiction, especially guiding homeowners towards more energy-efficient heating equipment and home configurations, such as reduced size.

scholarly journals Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Vyas ◽  
Margam Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Random Waypoint Model ◽  
Random Waypoint

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.

scholarly journals Comparative performance evaluation of routing algorithm and topology size for wireless network-on-chip

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asrani Lit ◽  
M. S. Rusli ◽  
M. N. Marsono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Impact

Wireless Network-on-Chip or WiNoC is an alternative to traditional planar on-chip networks. On-chip wireless links are utilized to reduce latency between distant nodes due to its capability to communicate with far-away node within a single hop. This paper analyzes the impact of various routing schemes and the effect of WiNoC sizes on network traffic distributions compared to conventional mesh NoC. Radio hubs (4×4) are evenly placed on WiNoC to analyze global average delay, throughput, energy consumption and wireless utilization. For validation, three various network sizes (8×8,   16×16 and 32×32) of mesh NoC and WiNoC architectures are simulated on cycle-accurate Noxim simulator under numerous traffic load distributions. Simulation results show that WiNoC architecture with the 16×16 network size has better average speedup (∼1.2×) and improved network throughputs by 6.36% in non-uniform transpose traffic distribution. As the trade-off, WiNoC requires 63% higher energy consumption compared to the classical wired NoC mesh.

scholarly journals E2-SCRP: An Energy Efficient Secure Clusterbased Routing Protocol for 3D Underwater Acoustic MANET (UWMANET)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2430-2442
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio

In the current years, Underwater Mobile Ad hoc Network (UWMANET) has emerged as an enthusiastic field for supporting disaster prevention applications (Climate and Weather Observation, Earthquakes in Ocean (Tsunamis), underwater level navigation and tracking). In UWMANET, conventional data transmission methods have certain drawbacks such as high energy consumption, packet loss rate and end-toend delay. Nowadays, mobile node i.e. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is widely used for data collection from underwater sensors, which act as a relay between sensor node and surface sink. Security is a significant issue in UWMANET, which is required for secure communications. In this paper, Energy Efficient Secure Cluster based Routing Protocol called E2 -SCRP is presented in 3D UWMANET environment. The qu-Vanstone based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (qV-ECC) based short-term public key generation scheme is proposed for sensor node authentication. To reduce energy consumption, layer based clustering algorithm is proposed using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (T2fls) where Trust value, Distance between neighbors, Relative mobility and Node buffer size for cluster head (CH) election are considered. Next step is to execute two different security schemes based on Event Management. For event occurred clusters, Ciphertext Stealing Technique (CST) is used to resolve the ciphertext expansion problem. For normal data transmission, Lightweight Digital Watermarking (LDW) with Firefly algorithm is proposed. Optimal route for data transmission is executed by Pigeons Swarm Optimization (PiSO) and the forward to sink node via Adjacent AUV. Experiments conducted using NS3 (3.26) and the performance is evaluated for several metrics include packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, security strength, and throughput

scholarly journals New adaptation method based on cross layer and TCP over protocols to improve QoS in mobile ad hoc network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Moulay Hicham Hanin ◽  
Mohamed Amnai ◽  
Youssef Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
802.11 Mac ◽  
The Impact

Due to rapid growth of multimedia traffic used over the mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), to keep up with the progress of this constraints MANETs protocols becoming increasingly concerned with the quality of service. In view of the random mobility nodes in MANET, TCP becomes more unreliability in case of higher energy consumption and packet loss. In this paper we proposed a new optimization approach to enhance decision making of TCP based on some changes of IEEE 802.11 MAC uses cross layer approach. The aim is to minimize the impact of retransmissions of packet lost and energy consumption in order to analysed and chose the appropriate routing protocol for TCP that can be enhance QoS MANET. Our simulation results based QoS study using NS3 show that, our proposed achieves better performance of TCP in MANETs significantly, and also improved the throughput, energy consumption and facilitates the traffic transmission over routing protocol.

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