scholarly journals Enhanced Routing Protocol for VANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Link State ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Network ◽  
Adhoc Network ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing ◽  
Limited Coverage

A class of networks called VANET(vehicular adhoc network) ,the extension of MANETs(mobile adhoc network) are based on the principle of the formation of wireless network for exchange of data and the creation of network is spontaneous in nature. The mobility constraints, behavior of driver, high speed, limited coverage of wifi, hard delay constraints leads to unique characteristics in VANETS. So the MANET routing protocols are not suitable for VANET. Optimization of routing protocols becomes necessary to make it suitable for VANET. In this paper , various optimized routing protocols are analyzed and their optimization techniques are discussed. Parameters such as end to end delay and energy spent are taken into consideration in order to show the improvement from the routing protocols that are standard protocols. Then a method has been proposed to optimize the fine tuned OLSR (optimized link state routing)protocol with the use of advanced genetic algorithm to further improve the results and to make the protocol more efficient

scholarly journals VANET routing Protocols :Implementation and Analysis Using NS3 and SUMO

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1914-1919
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Network ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Adhoc Network ◽  
New Form

The emerging new form of mobile adhoc network VANETNetwork is exemplifiedby fast and drastic changes in topology over a shorter period of time. These two features have a significant impact on the efficiency ofrouting protocols used in these networks. The evaluation of various VANET routing protocols provides great feedback on the efficiency of the network. The efficacy of AODV, OLSR, DSDV and DSR protocols is evaluated in this analysis, within the VANET intersection. The movement patterns of vehicles are generated with SUMO and the simulator is NS3.Considering VANET's high velocity, frequent disassociation and highly evolving topology, the major challenge is to create a routing protocol that is more appropriate to efficiently routing packet to their end destination. System of measurementsuch as power consumption, packet distribution factor, average performance as well as maximum end-to-end delay being calculated

scholarly journals Dampak Variasi Model Propagasi Terhadap Protokol Routing Reaktif, Proaktif, dan Hybrid di Jaringan VANET (Studi Kasus Kota Bima)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nazibullah Nazibullah ◽  
Andy Hidayat Jatmika ◽  
Fitri Bimantoro
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Network ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Adhoc Network ◽  
Test Parameters

VANET is a subset of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) that utilizes wireless technology, which in the VANET network the node is presented as a vehicle and the route for a vehicle is presented as a highway that will be passed by that vehicle. In general, VANET has 3 classification routing protocols, namely reactive, proactive, and hybrid. Performance of routing protocol is greatly influenced by the propagation model. Propagation on the network is the behavior of radio waves, which in this case is used as a transmission medium from the transmitter to the destination (receiver). This research will analyze the variation of propagation models namely FreeSpace,   TwoRayGround, Shadowing, and Nakagami on the performance of AOMDV (reactive), OLSR (proactive), and ZRP (hybrid). The performance of the routing protocol will be tested using test parameters including Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss, End to End Delay, and Throughput. Keywords: VANET, AOMDV, OLSR, ZRP, FreeSpace, TwoRayGround, Shadowing, Nakagami

scholarly journals An Optimized and Efficient Routing Protocol Application for IoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Kiran Afzal ◽  
Rehan Tariq ◽  
Farhan Aadil ◽  
Zeshan Iqbal ◽  
Nouman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Link State ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing ◽  
Better Than

IoV is the latest application of VANET and is the alliance of Internet and IoT. With the rapid progress in technology, people are searching for a traffic environment where they would have maximum collaboration with their surroundings which comprise other vehicles. It has become a necessity to find such a traffic environment where we have less traffic congestion, minimum chances of a vehicular collision, minimum communication delay, fewer communication errors, and a greater message delivery ratio. For this purpose, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) was devised where vehicles were communicating with each other in an infrastructureless environment. In VANET, vehicles communicate in an ad hoc manner and communicate with each other to deliver messages, for infotainment purposes or for warning other vehicles about emergency scenarios. Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted VANET is one of the emerging fields nowadays. For VANET’s routing efficiency, several routing protocols are being used like optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. To meet the need of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence, researchers are working to improve the route optimization problems in VANETs by employing UAVs. The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance. Comparisons of traditional routing protocols with UAV-based protocols have been made in the scenario of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Later on, communication of vehicles via aerial nodes has been studied for the same purpose. The results have been generated through various simulations. After performing extensive simulations by varying different parameters over grid sizes of 300 × 1500 m to 300 × 6000 m, it is evident that although the traditional DSDV routing protocol performs 14% better than drone-assisted destination-sequenced distance vector (DA-DSDV) when we have number of sinks equal to 25, the performance of drone-assisted optimized link state routing (DA-OLSR) protocol is 0.5% better than that of traditional OLSR, whereas drone-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (DA-AODV) performs 22% better than traditional AODV. Moreover, if we increase the number of sinks up to 50, it can be clearly seen that the DA-AODV outperforms the rest of the routing protocols by up to 60% (either traditional routing protocol or drone-assisted routing protocol). In addition, for parameters like MAC/PHY overhead and packet delivery ratio, the performance of our proposed drone-assisted variants of protocols is also better than that of the traditional routing protocols. These results show that our proposed strategy performs better than the traditional VANET protocols and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Latency and energy-efficient multi-hop routing protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014771986639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamied A Ateya ◽  
Ammar Muthanna ◽  
Irina Gudkova ◽  
Yuliya Gaidamaka ◽  
Abeer D Algarni
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Link State ◽  
Proactive Routing ◽  
Vehicle Networks ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

Unmanned aerial vehicle is one of the main announced use cases of 5G/IMT2020, which is expected to have various applications in many fields. These devices have limited capabilities in terms of energy and processing. Due to the complex structure of unmanned aerial vehicle networks and the high mobility constraints, design of efficient routing protocol, for supporting such network, is a challenge. Thus, efficient routing of data among unmanned aerial vehicles between source and destination is an important issue in designing unmanned aerial vehicle networks. Proactive routing protocols are one of the main categories of routing protocols developed for mobile ad hoc networks and vehicular ad hoc networks. Optimized link state routing protocol is one of the most common proactive routing protocols that has been modified to support unmanned aerial vehicle networks, considering high mobility feature of the network. In this work, we propose a latency and energy-efficient proactive routing protocol for dense unmanned aerial vehicle networks, with high-density devices, based on optimized link state routing protocol algorithm, referred to as multi-objective optimized link state routing protocol. The proposed routing protocol is topology aware and can be used for low-latency and high-mobility applications. The proposed multi-objective optimized link state routing protocol routing algorithm considers all modified versions of optimized link state routing protocol and introduces a novel method for selecting multipoint relay nodes that considers the traffic load on the communication channel and the load on each unmanned aerial vehicle node. Moreover, the proposed algorithm considers the communication link stability and the energy constraints. The system is simulated over a reliable environment for various scenarios, and it is compared to the original optimized link state routing protocol and its modified versions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol achieves higher efficiency in terms of latency, energy, and reliability.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF BLACK HOLE ATTACK ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING AND OPTIMIZED LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Khan
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Link State ◽  
Dynamic Source Routing ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are a collection of mobile nodes which are free to move from one place to another place without a central control entity. In MANETs the nodes are dependent on each other and the communication among mobile nodes is multi-hop due to which there are security issues in the MANETs protocols. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols are mostly used as proactive and reactive routing protocols in MANETs. This research work analyzed the performance of the OLSR and DSR protocols in the presence and absence of black hole (BH) attack in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and network load in various scenarios using OPNET Modeler 14.5 simulator. The results obtained in this research show that BH attack significantly degrades the performance of both DSR and OLSR protocols but due to the reactive nature of DSR routing protocol the performance is more degraded in DSR routing protocol as compared to OLSR routing protocol in the presence of BH attack.

scholarly journals Performance Enhancement of Optimized Link State Routing Protocol by Parameter Configuration for UANET

Drones ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Esmot Ara Tuli ◽  
Mohtasin Golam ◽  
Dong-Seong Kim ◽  
Jae-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Link State ◽  
Parameter Configuration ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Dynamic Attributes ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

The growing need for wireless communication has resulted in the widespread usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a variety of applications. Designing a routing protocol for UAVs is paramount as well as challenging due to its dynamic attributes. The difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), such as aerial mobility in 3D space and frequently changing topology. This paper analyzes the performance of four topology-based routing protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR), ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR), by using practical simulation software OPNET 14.5. Performance evaluation carries out various metrics such as throughput, delay, and data drop rate. Moreover, the performance of the OLSR routing protocol is enhanced and named “E-OLSR” by tuning parameters and reducing holding time. The optimized E-OLSR settings provide better performance than the conventional request for comments (RFC 3626) in the experiment, making it suitable for use in UAV ad hoc network (UANET) environments. Simulation results indicate the proposed E-OLSR outperforms the existing OLSR and achieves supremacy over other protocols mentioned in this paper.

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