scholarly journals Delineation of Flood Risk Zones in Hyderabad City: GHMC-West Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3348-3351
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Urban Impervious Surfaces ◽  
The City

Increase in urbanization leading to climate changes and human activities have resulted in flash flood scenarios with varying intensity rainfalls in the city. The uneven distribution of rain fall coupled with Mindless urbanization, encroaching upon and filling up of natural drainage channels and lakes to use the high-value urban land for buildings are the main causes of urban flooding. The built environment of urban areas transforms the natural pervious environment into impervious ground surfaces, inhibiting infiltration. Since water cannot infiltrate into the ground in these urban impervious surfaces, it runs across the surface when it rains and as the surfaces become larger and steeper the speed and quantity of runoff increases

STUDI EVALUASI JARINGAN DRAINASE JALAN DANAU MANINJAU RAYA KOTA MALANG

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Joko Setiono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Along with the very rapid growth of urban areas in Indonesia, urban drainage problems is increasing as well. In general, the handling of drainage in many cities in Indonesia still partial, so it does not solve the problem completely flooding and inundation. Changes in land use due to increasing population growth, requires an adequate supply of residential land, the impact of which directly increases the discharge surface runoff will be collected in drainage channels. Sawojajar Housing is one of the biggest housing in the city of Malang, where the housing development, keep a few problems, one of the flood that happened in 2008 and the incidence of every rainy season yaang inundation caused by the drainage capacity is not accommodating discharge runoff, due to changes in land use and waste sludge. From the analysis of the magnitude of the runoff discharge using recent data, the amount of runoff discharge time 2-year anniversary of 1.66 - 2:32 m3/sec and time again for 5 years 2.1 - 4.2 m3/sec. The dimensions of the existing channel is still accommodate runoff discharge is seen from the criteria condition that occurs sub critical flow (flow). Problems that occur in the hydraulic aspects of the meeting Maninjau Jalan channel as a primary channel that is too upright dg channel Maninjau road so no back-flow, water can not get in and not be able to accommodate discharge from the channel Maninjau Road.  Keyword: Flow, Drainage, Flood

scholarly journals Effects of Urbanization on Storm Water Run-off : A Case Study of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashim Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Ritu Raj Rai ◽  
Shreema Rana
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The City

In urban and suburban areas, much of the land surface is covered by buildings and pavements, which do not allow precipitation and snowmelt to soak into the ground. Instead, most developed areas rely on storm drains to carry large amounts of runoff from roofs and paved areas to nearby waterways. Hard surfaces such as streets, parking lots and built-up areas are impervious surfaces through which, water cannot pass through. As more and more landscapes are covered with hard impervious surfaces, the amount of water that infltrates, decreases and the amount that runs off, increases. This research is focused on studying run-off conditions in context of urban areas. The study area is Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC). The City is in the stage of rapid urbanization and with it, a rapid increase in built-up spaces. As a result, the city is losing a balance between impervious and pervious cover. Loss of greeneries and unpaved open spaces are causing rapid drain of rain-water. This is creating a disturbance in the hydrological cycle of the area. For assessing the extent of runoff, total runoff was estimated of KMC, as per the surface characteristics and using rational method for calculation.  Parameters for determining run-off coeffcients were mainly land cover and land use data, soil type and slope of surface. Results show that current runoff is alarmingly high, indicated by the difference between the run-off values of pre and post-development scenarios. Urban development pattern has caused a major impact, in the prevailing run-off and it is very crucial that these issues are addressed in urban planning to promote effective solutions for maintaining water cycle and water resources in urban areas. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 36-49 

scholarly journals The floating mass: life above a liquid landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Adams ◽  
Scott Sørli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects

With the rise of sea-levels, rapid urban development and a lack of basic infrastructure, Jakarta, Indonesia, is one of the many Southeast Asian cities suffering the global issue of flooding. The government has begun a project to minimize flooding by dredging and channelizing 15 waterways in the city, resulting in the eviction of tens of thousands of informal settlements. This thesis calls for a more appropriate solution for residents in order to continue their lives safely in the kampung, free from the harmful effects of flooding. The Bamboo Bridge is proposed as a family of bridges extending across the floodplain of the Ciliwung River. It connects kampungs to create access and mobility, and protect residents from the limitations of urban flooding. As flooding increases, Jakarta faces the potential of pockets of lowlying urban areas permanently flooded. The city must prepare for possible life in water.

scholarly journals SENTINEL-2A BASED IMPERVIOUSNESS MONITORING OF URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
D. Halder ◽  
R. D. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Impervious Areas

Abstract. The cities where the future happens first, they are open, creative, cosmopolitan and sexy and the perfect antidote to reactionary nationalism but the urbanization in unplanned manner is becoming an environmental-social-economical threat to accommodate the huge number of population which is literally boosting the present situation of climate change due to global warming. Extracting, measuring and treating the urban area which compiles of dense built-up and complex road network, is very essential to decrease the negative impact on environment. If most of the impervious surfaces can be replaced with permeable or semi-permeable materials or solar panel then the habitation will be saved from natural disastrous events like heat wave and flash flood. Urbanization can be categorized mainly into two: a) Static (urban open space + built space) and b) Dynamic (transportation). The static and dynamic urbanizations largely consist of impermeable or impervious materials. Impervious surfaces are alluded as the anthropogenic elements through that water can't infiltrate into the soil, such as streets, driveways, parking areas, houses, structures etc. An urban area is a densely populated human settlement, facilitated with multiple infrastructures including built and un-built. These areas or settlements are categorized as towns, suburbs, cities by urban morphology. Through balancing the ratio between the un-built (urban space) and built (building & roads), urban disastrous events can be minimized. This research mainly focused on the extraction of impervious areas using regression modelling approach which is used to generate an impervious surface map from Sentinel-2A dataset of Delhi. Utilising multiple normalised indices can provide better classification results. This study shows that in urban areas imperviousness is becoming one of the prominent computational parameter and monitoring impervious areas could help us understand a lot of urban phenomena which are built-up induced and its rapid change in urban environment is giving rise to unhealthy living conditions.

scholarly journals The floating mass: life above a liquid landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Adams ◽  
Scott Sørli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects

With the rise of sea-levels, rapid urban development and a lack of basic infrastructure, Jakarta, Indonesia, is one of the many Southeast Asian cities suffering the global issue of flooding. The government has begun a project to minimize flooding by dredging and channelizing 15 waterways in the city, resulting in the eviction of tens of thousands of informal settlements. This thesis calls for a more appropriate solution for residents in order to continue their lives safely in the kampung, free from the harmful effects of flooding. The Bamboo Bridge is proposed as a family of bridges extending across the floodplain of the Ciliwung River. It connects kampungs to create access and mobility, and protect residents from the limitations of urban flooding. As flooding increases, Jakarta faces the potential of pockets of lowlying urban areas permanently flooded. The city must prepare for possible life in water.

scholarly journals The Adaptation Strategy of Flash Flood Victims in Urban Areas, Garut Kota Sub-District

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulfa Azhari Shabira ◽  
Sri Rum Giyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The City ◽  
New Settlements

In 2016, various settlements in Garut Regency, notably Garut Kota Sub-District, located along the Cimanuk River, were affected by a flash flood. As a result, many residents relocated to other places, far from the city. This research was conducted in three residential relocation areas: Gadok Housing, Kopi Lombang Housing and Cisereuh Housing. The purpose of the study is to determine the adaptation strategies of relocating communities. The research was conducted using mixed-methods techniques with descriptive quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results are shown in the adaptation strategies of the affected communities and demonstrate that the relocated communities living in new settlements pursued adaptation strategies such as adjustment and adaptation with reaction. Adaptation by adjustment was carried out by accepting the post-relocation situation and taking up jobs in different sectors. Meanwhile, adaptation by reaction entailed making changes to the physical form of buildings, planting mixed gardens or constructing pet cages in the yard. Relocating residents often lacked the motivation to move to alternative shelters due to financial inability and a sense of comfort in their new settlement.

scholarly journals Statistical Distributions of Precipitation Data in Antalya, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Ibrahim Burgan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The City ◽  
Smirnov Test

The estimation of precipitation data is very important while designing buildings in cities. Because of fast response of rainfall-runoff in urban areas, the stormwater infrastructure systems are developed. Especially in flood prone areas which have flash flood risks, the total precipitation, its return period and its duration should be known. For this aim, statistical distributions of long-term observed precipitation data can be determined. In this study, Antalya district which is near the Mediterranean Sea is selected as study area. The city is very crowded touristic place with more than 2.5 million local people. Antalya is one of the warmest regions in Turkey with an average daily high temperature of 25 degrees centigrade. In 6 months, the average temperatures are over 25 degrees. In the study, the best statistical distributions of precipitation data from the gauging stations near Antalya are investigated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is applied to select the best statistical distribution.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

Epizootological features of demodicosis in homeless animals in the city of Tyumen ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОДЕКОЗА У БЕЗДОМНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ГОРОДЕ ТЮМЕНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
The City

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).

PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Irina Glinyanova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Valery Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Random Functions ◽  
The City

Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.

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