scholarly journals SENTINEL-2A BASED IMPERVIOUSNESS MONITORING OF URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
D. Halder ◽  
R. D. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Impervious Areas

Abstract. The cities where the future happens first, they are open, creative, cosmopolitan and sexy and the perfect antidote to reactionary nationalism but the urbanization in unplanned manner is becoming an environmental-social-economical threat to accommodate the huge number of population which is literally boosting the present situation of climate change due to global warming. Extracting, measuring and treating the urban area which compiles of dense built-up and complex road network, is very essential to decrease the negative impact on environment. If most of the impervious surfaces can be replaced with permeable or semi-permeable materials or solar panel then the habitation will be saved from natural disastrous events like heat wave and flash flood. Urbanization can be categorized mainly into two: a) Static (urban open space + built space) and b) Dynamic (transportation). The static and dynamic urbanizations largely consist of impermeable or impervious materials. Impervious surfaces are alluded as the anthropogenic elements through that water can't infiltrate into the soil, such as streets, driveways, parking areas, houses, structures etc. An urban area is a densely populated human settlement, facilitated with multiple infrastructures including built and un-built. These areas or settlements are categorized as towns, suburbs, cities by urban morphology. Through balancing the ratio between the un-built (urban space) and built (building & roads), urban disastrous events can be minimized. This research mainly focused on the extraction of impervious areas using regression modelling approach which is used to generate an impervious surface map from Sentinel-2A dataset of Delhi. Utilising multiple normalised indices can provide better classification results. This study shows that in urban areas imperviousness is becoming one of the prominent computational parameter and monitoring impervious areas could help us understand a lot of urban phenomena which are built-up induced and its rapid change in urban environment is giving rise to unhealthy living conditions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Urban Conditions on the Phenology of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Using the Example of Wroclaw (Poland)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Iwona Dominika Orzechowska-Szajda ◽  
Robert Krzysztof Sobolewski ◽  
Joanna Lewandowska ◽  
Paulina Kowalska ◽  
Robert Kalbarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The differences in plant phenology between rural and urban areas are the subject of research conducted all over the world. There are few studies aimed at assessing the impact of the urban heat island on plant vegetation only in urban areas. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the distance from the city center and the form of land cover on the phenological development of trees using the example of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). The research area covered the entire city of Wrocław. In order to best capture the impact of the distance from the city center on the rate of changes of individual phenophases, 3 areas were designated—at a distance of 1 km, 2 km and 5 km. The study assessed the average duration of individual phenological phases along with the variability characteristics for leafing, flowering and fruiting in relation to the designated zones and classified forms of land cover based on mean value (x¯) and standard deviation (±SD) in individual weeks of the year. For the leafing and flowering phases, the frequency of the occurrence of phases in individual weeks of the year was analyzed in relation to the designated zones and classified land use methods. The results obtained on the basis of phenological observations carried out in 2017 in Wrocław confirmed the extension of the period of vegetation in the city center in relation to its peripheries. Trees growing in road lanes entered the vegetation period later and defoliated faster, which confirms the negative impact of street conditions on the development of trees in urban space. Thus, the growing season in road lanes is shorter and due to the 1-year observation period, it is justified to conduct further observations.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly methods of reducing the consequences of winter maintenance in urban green areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bach ◽  
Bożena Pawłowska ◽  
Małgorzata Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Green Areas

Abstract Trees play a crucial role in the urban environment. They fulfil aesthetic, sociocultural, ecological, health-promoting and economic functions. Urban development and related human activity bring many risks to green areas within urban space. Plants are exposed to stress connected with water, soil and air pollution. Living space, harmful light and thermal conditions, drought, high density and changeable soil pH with excessive salinity are further disadvantages. European and Northern American cities have to cope with a serious danger of tree death. A leading cause is the use of de-icing chemicals in winter, particularly sodium chloride, applied due to its cost-effectiveness and availability. The paper describes traditional de-icing chemicals used in urban areas (NaCl, solid aggregates, CaCl2, MgCl sulphates MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4, urea alcohols and glycols isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, methanol) and newly developed sodium chloride substitutes (calcium magnesium acetate CMA), sodium formate and acetate NaFo/NaAc, potassium carbonate K2CO3). Moreover, prophylactic methods aimed at preventing the negative impact of de-icing campaigns, rules of planning and design of urban landscape, and reasonable management measures and pro-ecological modern technologies reducing and reversing the consequences of harmful actions are presented

scholarly journals Presence of heavy metals in the soil of urban areas of Lukavac and Kalesija and malignant disease prevalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Brekalo Lazarević ◽  
Edina Handžić ◽  
Abdel Đozić ◽  
Ivana Lazarević ◽  
Zahida Ademović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Living Organisms

The development of industry, agriculture, transport and urbanization has resulted in excessive emissions of heavy metals into the environment, which due to their bioaccumulative properties express negative effects on the environment and living organisms as a whole. In this work the presence of heavy metals in the soil samples of the urban area of Lukavac and Kalesija municipality and their effect on the health of the population were studied. Soil samples were collected in October 2017 at five locations in the urban area of Lukavac municipality and two urban locations in Kalesija municipality. Concentrations of chromium (Cr) copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in the soil samples were determined. The results indicated that in some locations the concentration of heavy metals exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). MPC value for chromium was exceeded at four locations in the urban area of Lukavac, whereas MPC value for nickel and cadmium was exceeded at all locations. In Kalesija, MPC value was exceeded for chromium and nickel at one location, while cadmium MPC was exceeded at both locations. The negative impact of heavy metals on the health of the population is the cause of many malignant diseases. Statistical analysis of the number of patients with malignant diseases in the area of the Lukavac and Kalesija revealed significantly higher prevalence of malignant diseases of the lungs, breast, skin and cervix in the Lukavac (p<0,05) in comparisson to Kalesija municipality.

scholarly journals Delineation of Flood Risk Zones in Hyderabad City: GHMC-West Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3348-3351
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Urban Impervious Surfaces ◽  
The City

Increase in urbanization leading to climate changes and human activities have resulted in flash flood scenarios with varying intensity rainfalls in the city. The uneven distribution of rain fall coupled with Mindless urbanization, encroaching upon and filling up of natural drainage channels and lakes to use the high-value urban land for buildings are the main causes of urban flooding. The built environment of urban areas transforms the natural pervious environment into impervious ground surfaces, inhibiting infiltration. Since water cannot infiltrate into the ground in these urban impervious surfaces, it runs across the surface when it rains and as the surfaces become larger and steeper the speed and quantity of runoff increases

scholarly journals Urban Identity From the Perspective of Urban Atmosphere Case Study : Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Made Agus Mahendra ◽  
Syamsul Alam Paturusi ◽  
Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra ◽  
I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
International Scope ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
The City

Urban areas are areas that give different atmosphere and taste in different places. There are aspects that can affect the atmosphere of urban areas. Where in each urban area has different characteristics. Klungkung city area which basically is strongly influenced by the strong cultural character of the past. Urban atmosphere has a very important role in the identity of urban areas. cities on the island of Bali have unique and unique characteristics that make the city atmosphere different. Moreover, Bali in national and international scope already has an attraction that cannot be separated from the atmosphere of the island of Bali. The atmosphere of the city space gives a different atmosphere both in the identity and character of the urban area of Klungkung, Bali. In the urban environment there is a spatial atmosphere as an indicator and reference for the development of the identity of the Klungkung urban area, Bali.    This research is motivated by the lack of understanding and understanding of the community, institutions and local governments about the atmosphere of urban space. The atmosphere of urban space provides a very important understanding and analysis of the taste and atmosphere of urban areas. The approach to the atmosphere of the city can be seen from nine aspects that must be considered in creating atmosphere in buildings and cities. The atmosphere in this study has the meaning of the sense of taste, the atmosphere in which a person is in space, creativity, taste and intention that form a shelter in a particular area. The atmosphere in this study emphasizes the atmosphere, the meaning of space and taste which includes local Balinese culture, especially in the city of Klungkung. This research uses qualitative methods by emphasizing descriptive studies, and literature studies. This study aims to determine the urban atmosphere of the Klungkung region and the relationship between the urban atmosphere and the identity of the Klungkung Bali urban area. From the results of the analysis in the conceptual order, the benefits and results obtained provide an overview of the atmosphere of the urban space as one of the identity of the Klungkung Bali urban area. Index Terms— Urban atmosphere, urban identity, urban space, urban areas  

scholarly journals MANAGING PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF KUMASI, GHANA: A CASE OF ABUAKWA

2013 ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Amoateng ◽  
Patrick Brandful Cobbinah ◽  
Kwasi Owusu-Adade
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Study Approach

A remarkable trait of the 21st century has been the high rate of urbanization which has characterized the growth and development of cities especially in developing countries. This situation has fuelled the rapid and unguided development and expansion of peri-urban areas as urban dwellers relocate to cities’ peripheries. Focusing on Abuakwa a peri-urban area in Kumasi, the second largest city in Ghana, this paper assesses the nature and extent of physical development in peri-urban areas, and identifies the factors contributing to the rapid development of peri-urban areas. The paper further examines the effects of the increasing physical growth on the development of peri-urban Abuakwa. Using a case study approach, both primary and secondary sources of data were collected from decentralized government institutions of Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA) and Atwima Nwabiagya District Assembly (ANDA), as well as the indigenous residents and relocated urban dwellers in Abuakwa. The paper reveals that the outward drift has manifested itself in an increased scramble for land for residential and commercial purposes in the peri-urban area. The resultant effect has been the fast and spontaneous physical development in the urban periphery which has significantly altered the peri-urban morphology. The paper recommends the establishment of Customary Land Secretariat (CLS) and the application of settlement growth management approaches to ensure the creation of functional city and liveable peri-urban areas.

UPGRADE OF URBAN AREA PROTECTION TECHNIQUES VS NEGATIVE IMPACT OF UNEQUIPPED CONSTRUCTION WASTE DUMPS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Yu. M GALITsKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Waste Dumps

The problems of urban pollution with construction waste, formed in the course of repair, reconstruction and construction of different units are considered. The results of soil tests underneath unequipped dumps are provided. The means of construction waste dumps liquidation in urban areas ensuring minimal negative environmental impacts are described.

scholarly journals Re.Structure: Finding the synergetic relationships between functioning urban ports, trapped landscapes, and public life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Public ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Port Areas

<p>In many countries around the world, contemporary urban ports have a major economical, infrastructural, and dominant presence along strategic waterfront edges. In terms of public life, these industrial private entities disconnect themselves from their parent city due to the interaction between a number of factors, namely; topography, orientation, positioning, port typology, the safety and functionality of ports, urban planning, and the effects on the natural ecology. The changing nature of how a city utilizes their waterfront questions whether urban ports have a role within the heart of the city. The potential to restructure port areas and their surrounding spaces that have been effected by development leads to the creation of dynamic public life entities. With these large infrastructural entities, the areas surrounding the boundaries are compromised and are trapped in a confusion of development and derelict design. Trapped landscapes often have detrimental effects on natural environments. This negative impact can be seen in the urban fabric of the city, and in the public well-being and life of the occupants of those spaces.  This thesis investigates urban areas trapped by functioning port infrastructure, specifically the area known as the Quay Park Quarter, situated in Auckland, New Zealand. The Ports of Auckland Ltd (POAL), directly north of the area, imposes a dominating, privatised and industrial statement to contribute to the nature of this trapped landscape. The Quay Park Quarter includes heritage sites, railway infrastructure, and ad-hoc developments, some of which were initially intended to rejuvenate the area.  This thesis aims to address the privatised issues surrounding the contemporary urban port by challenging the role and incorporation of public life as a means to restructure such areas. This thesis argues that active port areas can be reconfigured, restructured and reimagined in ways in which to utilize public life along active waterfront networks. This thesis will also argue that this utilization of public life can actively change the way in which trapped landscapes can be restructured for the future. By considering the ecological impact, the city’s growth and surrounding developed areas, positive changes can be made at multiple scales within the city context.  This thesis proposes that this can be investigated through observing three interrelated scales to discover city systems and functions, the intimate, neighbourhood and metropolitan. The intimate scale involves the interactions with one’s self in the environment that surrounds them, as well as the composition of all things to create public life. This creates a sense of locality for being in the environment. Because of the port’s impact on this urban area as well as its external and internal functions, the neighbourhood scale addresses the reconfiguration and restructuring of the port infrastructure that has impacted this trapped urban area. The metropolitan scale involves how the public life network fits within the context of the city, through the means of landscape infrastructural components. The collaboration of these three scales allows for an interchange between what the human can experience in addition to the systematic functionality of the city. This offers unique insight beyond the master planning of such urban areas to actively engage with life on the ground. The reconfiguration and restructuring aspects of these areas allow for a variety of resolutions to both actively engage with public life within industrial areas and facilitate the release of trapped landscapes back into the surrounding context of these areas.</p>

scholarly journals Densidade demográfica: um estudo comparativo de duas metodologias a partir de imagens orbital e suborbital na cidade de Aparecida de Goiânia/Goiás

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mota Santos ◽  
Danielly Cristina de Souza Costa Homes ◽  
Helci Ferreira Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
The City

Resumo O mapeamento de densidade demográfica é recorrente, serve ao planejamento e implantação de obras civis, auxilia na estimação da demanda em transporte, na identificação de áreas para implantação de estabelecimentos de educação e saúde. Contudo, a densidade é normalmente calculada pelo Método Coroplético, que dá a impressão de que a população está distribuída homogeneamente em cada unidade de área, no caso os setores censitários, mesmo quando partes da região são, na realidade, desabitada. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi aplicar o método dasimétrico, a partir de dois produtos diferentes de sensoriamento remoto, manipulados num SIG. Os resultados revelaram que a densidade está diretamente relacionada ao tipo de imagem utilizada. O mapeamento a partir de fotografias aéreas revelou áreas urbanas com maior detalhe, e, portanto densidades demográficas mais realísticas. Além disso, identificaram-se densidades não homogêneas no espaço urbano do município de Aparecida de Goiânia, em que apenas 14,81% da área dos setores urbanos possuem de fato área urbana e 20,47% das áreas dos bairros estão de fato ocupadas. Palavras-chave: Geoprocessing; Spatial statistics; Population density   Abstract Demographic density mapping is recurrent, serve to the planning and implementation of civil works, assists in estimating transport demands, in the indentification of areas to education and heath premise establishments. However, density is normally calculated by Coropletic Method, wich give the impession of that population are homogeneously distributed in each unit of area, in that case the census tratus, even when parts of region are, in fact, inhabited. Thus, the objective of this work was to apply the dasimetric method, from two different remote sensing products manipulated in a GIS. Results showed that the density is directly related to the type of image used. Mapping from aerial photographs revealed more detailed urban areas, and, therefore more realistic demographic densities. Besides that, non-homogeneous densities were identified in the urban space of the city of Aparecida de Goiânia, in which only 14.81% of the area of the urban sectors actually have an urban area and 20.47% of the areas of the neighborhoods are actually occupied. Keywords: Geoprocessing; Apatial statistics,; Population density   Resumem El mapeo de la densidad de la población es recurrente, sirve a la planificación y ejecución de obras civiles, asiste en la estimación de la demanda de transporte, y la identificación de áreas para la implementación de servicios de educación y salud. Sin embargo, la densidad se calcula generalmente por el método Coroplético, lo que da la impresión de que la población se distribuye de manera uniforme en cada unidad de superficie en el caso de los sectores censitarios, incluso cuando partes de la región son en realidad deshabitados. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar el método dasimétrico a partir de dos productos diferentes de teledetección, que se manejan en un SIG. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad está directamente relacionada con el tipo de imagen que se utiliza. El mapeo de las fotografías aéreas reveló áreas urbanas con más detalle, y por lo tanto, la densidad de población más realistas. Además, identificaron la densidad no homogénea en el espacio urbano de la ciudad de Aparecida de Goiânia, donde sólo el 14,81% de la superficie de los sectores urbanos tienen área urbana y el 20.47% de las áreas de los barrios están ocupados. Palavras-chave: Geoprocesamiento; Estadística espacial; Densidad demográfica

scholarly journals Methodological foundation of a numerical taxonomy of urban form

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110598
Author(s):  
Martin Fleischmann ◽  
Alessandra Feliciotti ◽  
Ombretta Romice ◽  
Sergio Porta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Voronoi Tessellation ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Morphological Studies

Cities are complex products of human culture, characterised by a startling diversity of visible traits. Their form is constantly evolving, reflecting changing human needs and local contingencies, manifested in space by many urban patterns. Urban morphology laid the foundation for understanding many such patterns, largely relying on qualitative research methods to extract distinct spatial identities of urban areas. However, the manual, labour-intensive and subjective nature of such approaches represents an impediment to the development of a scalable, replicable and data-driven urban form characterisation. Recently, advances in geographic data science and the availability of digital mapping products open the opportunity to overcome such limitations. And yet, our current capacity to systematically capture the heterogeneity of spatial patterns remains limited in terms of spatial parameters included in the analysis and hardly scalable due to the highly labour-intensive nature of the task. In this paper, we present a method for numerical taxonomy of urban form derived from biological systematics, which allows the rigorous detection and classification of urban types. Initially, we produce a rich numerical characterisation of urban space from minimal data input, minimising limitations due to inconsistent data quality and availability. These are street network, building footprint and morphological tessellation, a spatial unit derivative of Voronoi tessellation, obtained from building footprints. Hence, we derive homogeneous urban tissue types and, by determining overall morphological similarity between them, generate a hierarchical classification of urban form. After framing and presenting the method, we test it on two cities – Prague and Amsterdam – and discuss potential applications and further developments. The proposed classification method represents a step towards the development of an extensive, scalable numerical taxonomy of urban form and opens the way to more rigorous comparative morphological studies and explorations into the relationship between urban space and phenomena as diverse as environmental performance, health and place attractiveness.

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