scholarly journals Development of Hand Exoskeleton for Recuperation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2501-2504
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Present System ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Angular Deflection ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Hand Exoskeleton ◽  
Bidirectional Movement

About half a million people across the globe suffer from different types of hand injuries and hand impairments. These impairments reduce the quality of living. The present system demands a physician to perform the physiotherapy on the mutilated hand of the patient. Nowadays it has become difficult for the physiotherapists to cater to all their patients given time constraints and increasing numbers of patients. A Hand Exoskeleton was developed for the rehabilitation of the mutilated hand which enables the patient to conduct physiotherapy himself without having to go to a rehabilitation centre. The exoskeleton provides a convenient and cost-effective mechanism for physiotherapy since the patient can do the physiotherapy himself at a time of his convenience and any number of times he wants to. With the exoskeleton, the movement of the good hand is replicated in the mutilated hand of the patient. This exoskeleton can supervise the bidirectional movement of the mutilated fingers. That way, the injured fingers are provided with some movement by the help of the servo motors. The gyroscope attached to the stroke hand determines the angular deflection. This exoskeleton can be used for repetitive, intensive and continuous physiotherapy exercises. It can treat many patients daily with minimum supervision. In the long term, the patient would be rewarded physically, emotionally and economically. The exoskeleton is lightweight and economically affordable for everyone. In this manner, patients are no more dependent on physiotherapists for the exercise. No external help is required by the patients for their daily exercise.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljudmila Neshchadym ◽  
Svetlana Тymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
High Level

The article monitors and analyzes the main strategies for the development of hotel and restaurant enterprises and, accordingly, increase their efficiency and competitiveness; the process of organization and economic planning of hotel and restaurant enterprises has been improved. It is investigated that the enterprises of hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine partially provide the necessary quality indicators for the provided services, and this is the reason for the insufficient level of competitiveness of services in the domestic market and in European countries. An urgent problem of planning and organizing the activities of hotel and restaurant enterprises is the use of innovative strategies and areas of long-term development to increase the level of competitiveness and quality of services provided. This will intensify innovation processes in Ukraine in the field of services. Innovative strategies and promising areas of development of hotel and restaurant enterprises are extremely important in the management of hotel and restaurant complexes. Innovative strategies in the hotel and restaurant industry are cost-effective and feasible provided a high level of profitability, improving the service process, expanding the range of services, reducing costs, increasing competitiveness, improve and optimize the work of all hotel or restaurant services. The application of innovative strategies in the process of hotel and restaurant enterprises allows them to compete in the field of service. In conditions of fierce competition and rapidly changing market conditions, it is very important not only to focus on the internal state of affairs of the enterprise, but also to develop a long-term strategy. Economic activity requires constant innovation. All services offered by hotel and restaurant enterprises must be introduced in modern innovative ways. This is the basis for successful business, maintaining a consistently high level of competitiveness and improving the quality of service. The selection of the optimal innovation strategy for a hotel or restaurant company is carried out by its management based on the analysis of key factors that characterize its condition and the state of the product portfolio.

The economic benefits of rehabilitation for neurological conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Rory J. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Economic Analyses

Rehabilitation programmes are highly cost-effective interventions that restore people’s independence, dignity, and quality of life. In the past there was an impression that they appeared expensive, which resulted in a lack of enthusiasm to develop them by funding bodies and commissioners. However, the evidence demonstrating the long-term cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation is robust. Many people with long-term neurological conditions will live for many years after the onset of the condition and investment in their physical and psychological functioning early on will, over that person’s lifetime, will result in substantial savings. Nevertheless, calculating economic evaluations can be complicated and the correct measure must be chosen to identify the change produced by the rehabilitation intervention. These data must then be handled appropriately, and any ancillary costs included. The economic impact of the rehabilitation programme is wider than a purely healthcare intervention and will include potential earnings and reduced costs to social care. The economic analyses will also include housing, education, and vocational outcomes, and the effect of the long-term condition on family members who may have a caring role.

Rail Highway Grade Crossing Roughness Quantitative Measurement Using 3D Technology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng (Alex) Wang ◽  
Reginald R. Souleyrette ◽  
Daniel Lau ◽  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Grade Crossing ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Quality of surface is an important aspect affecting both the safety and the performance of at-grade rail-highway crossings. Roughness may increase the risk of crashes for both trains and automobiles. Varying grades in crossing profiles increase the likelihood of high-centered crossing collisions between train and truck [1]. The US DOT Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Handbook [2] suggests that rough surfaces could distract a driver’s attention from oncoming trains and that the unevenness of the crossing could result in a driver losing control of their vehicle resulting in a crash. No quantitative method currently exists to quickly and economically assess the condition of rail crossings in order to evaluate the long term performance of crossings and set a quantitative trigger for their rehabilitation. The conventional method to measure the surface of quality of crossings is based on expert judgment, whereby crossing surfaces are classified as poor, fair or good after an inspector visits and drives over the crossing. However, actual condition of the crossing could be different from the subjective rating. Poor condition rating crossings may not always present the most cost-effective locations for preventive maintenance to lower overall life-cycle costs. Conventional ratings may derive from driving a passenger car of pickup once over the crossing. Effects of various speed, on various vehicles (suspension), and at various places (laterally) cannot be determined or even estimated except at the smoothest of crossings. A quantifiable and extensible procedure is desired. With rapid advances in computer science, 3D sensing and imaging technologies, it seems logical that a cost-effective quantitative method could be developed to determine the need to rehabilitate rail crossings and assess long term performance. Fundamental to the quantification of crossing condition is the acquisition of an accurate 3D surface model of the crossing in its present state. This paper reports on the development of an accurate, low cost and readily deployable sensor capable of rapid collection of this 3D surface. The research is seen as a first step towards automating the crossing inspection process, ultimately leading to the quantification and estimation of future performance of rail crossing.

Treatment with rhEPO Decreases the Need for Transfusion in Patients with βThalassemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3778-3778
Author(s):  
Dora Bachir ◽  
Anoosha Habibi ◽  
Serge Pissard ◽  
Zohra Ourabah ◽  
Frederic Galacteros
Keyword(s):  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Human Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Transfusion Requirements

Abstract The usage of human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in βthalassemia shows in many sudies, that not only it increases the synthesis of γ chains, but it also improves erythroid parameters. Among our population of thalassemic patients, eight patients with βthalassemia intermedia that were regulary transfused, were given escalating doses of rhEPO mostly darpoietin-α. Before receiving rhEPO, all patients had undergone splenectomy, also received iron chelation therapy, and folic acid supplementation. No patient received iron supplementation together with rhEPO. With rhEPO, two patients were able to discontinue their requirements for transfusions. In the others, haemoglobin level was maintained above 8 g/dl. Four patients experienced bone pain which was successfully treated with hydroxyurea. All patients had improvement in their quality of life. This small series illustrates that rhEPO may be useful and cost effective in the long term (considering the risks of red blood cell transfusion) in some selected splenectomized transfusion-dependent patients with βthalassemia intermedia. Results Transfusion requirements (ml/kg/year) Patients Year of birth Sex Final doses of rhEPO (UI*kg/week) Follow-up (months) Before After Hydroxyurea * interruption of rhEPO because of participation to ICL 670 A 0107 protocol 1 1975 M 970 33 150 75 + 2 1973 F 1365 34 125 0 + 3 1965 M 820 33 130 0 + 4 1959 F 650 27 125 98 + 5 1979 F 715 15 210 160 * + 6 1978 M 1035 7 255 90 − 7 1987 F 450 3 135 80 − 8 1974 M 900 7 190 75 +

The Quality of Military Grade Electronic Parts

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Howard Perlstein
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Screen Program ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Electronic Parts ◽  
Effective Component

What greater pay-off is there than to detect defects at the lowest level? One of the answers to that question is to have cost-effective component part screening. This paper provides both the premises and the results of a long term comprehensive parts screen program. Evidence is presented to prove its cost effectiveness. This program is active and continuing at present and has the full support of Litton management.

scholarly journals Multilevel percutaneous vertebroplasty: safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sibasankar Dalai ◽  
Aravind V. Datla
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cement Leakage ◽  
Effective Procedure ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Reduced Mobility

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The pain in vertebral compression fractures is severe, leading to reduced mobility and quality of life. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure for treating various spinal pathologies. This study evaluated the usefulness and safety of multilevel PVP (two to three vertebrae) in managing VCF.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study evaluated 59 vertebral levels in 28 patients with VCF who had been operated on for multilevel PVP (two to three levels). There were 22 females and six males, and their ages ranged from 36 to 79 years, with a mean age of 68.95 years. We had injected two levels in 25 patients and three levels in 3 patients. The visual analogue scale was used for pain intensity measurement, and plain X-ray films, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging was used for radiological assessment. The mean follow-up period was 13.8 months (range, 11-19).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Significant pain improvement was recorded in 26 patients (92.85%). More remarkable improvement in pain was noticed in the immediate postoperative period than in the subsequent follow-ups. Asymptomatic bone cement leakage anteriorly and into the disk spaces in two patients. Isolated anterior leakage has occurred in one patient. There was no encounter of pulmonary embolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Multilevel PVP for the treatment of VCF is a safe and effective procedure that can significantly reduce pain and improve patient condition without any significant morbidity. It is considered a cost-effective procedure allowing a rapid restoration of patient mobility.</p><p> </p>

L'evoluzione del piano dei servizi

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Laura Pogliani
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Urban Welfare

- The Lombard services plan defines operational criteria and policies designed to achieve the objectives of settlement quality and urban welfare. They are objectives which cut across the public-private relationship in the construction and improvement of settlement contexts. If quality of living in an area and the long term value of the urban asset depends on the capacity to achieve integrated development (housing, public transport and social services), then the centrality of this instrument is clear to see, with its ability to seize on local opportunities and community resources in its triple nature of a plan, a project and a programme. A number of positive experiences have developed in recent years, such as the Bergamo, Cremona and Monza plans which have introduced a new vocabulary and new ways of operating (competitions, settlement criteria, expected public performance and financial assessments) to strengthen bargaining capacities and competition in public strategies and policies.

Medicare Part D spending for the 10 costliest oral anticancer drugs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn McBride ◽  
Sophie Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medicare Part D ◽  
Medicare Part ◽  
Drug Spending ◽  
Part D ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Wholesale Acquisition Cost

52 Background: Novel oral targeted drugs are being used more frequently to treat many cancers and have substantially improved clinical and survival outcomes. Due to the long treatment durations of many of these medications, which are given continuously until patient progression, per-patient lifetime costs can be high. This study aimed to identify the ten oral anticancer therapies with the highest annual Medicare Part D spending. Methods: Descriptive statistics were performed on data obtained from the CMS Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard and IBM Micromedex RED BOOK, from 2018-2019. Medicare Part D dashboard includes total and average drug spending, and number of beneficiaries utilizing the drug. RED BOOK provides current and historical average wholesale pricing (AWP) data for all prescription drugs. The wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) was calculated from the AWP to evaluate trends in price. We identified the ten anticancer brand-name medications in 2019 with the highest annual Part D spending and reported changes in average spending and number of unique beneficiaries for each drug from 2018-2019. Results: In 2019, Revlimid had the highest annual total Part D spending at $4.6 billion, followed by Imbruvica with $2.4 billion; these drugs also had the greatest number of beneficiary utilizers. From 2018-2019, change in average spending per dosage unit was greatest for Zytiga (34%), however among all drugs, average spending per beneficiary in 2019 was lowest for this medication ($58,074). From 2018-2019, WAC and average spending per dosage unit increased for all of the top ten drugs, as well as the number of total beneficiaries utilizing each drug, except for Zytiga and Sprycel. Conclusions: Oral anticancer therapies provide high value for patients, including improved quality of life and survival. Annual costs for these drugs are high, however spending on inpatient hospital services remains a greater share of total Medicare spending in aggregate and on a per beneficiary basis. Emerging one-time curative treatments for cancer may prove most cost-effective in the long-term by eliminating the need for continuous medication use and hospital care, while improving patient outcomes.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Adolescent Menstrual Health Literacy in Low, Middle and High-Income Countries: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Holmes ◽  
Christina Curry ◽  
Sherry Sherry ◽  
Tania Ferfolja ◽  
Kelly Parry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Income ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Menstrual Health

Background: Poor menstrual health literacy impacts adolescents&rsquo; quality of life and health outcomes across the world. The aim of this systematic review was to identify concerns about menstrual health literacy in low/middle (LMIC) and high-income (HIC) countries. Methods: Relevant social science and medical databases were searched for peer-reviewed papers from January 2008 to January 2020 identifying 61 relevant studies. Results: A thematic analysis of the data revealed that LMICs report detrimental impacts on adolescents in relation to menstrual hygiene and cultural issues, while in HICs, issues related to pain management and long term health outcomes were reported more frequently. Conclusions: In order to improve overall menstrual health literacy in LMICs and HICs, appropriate policies need to be developed, drawing on input from multiple stakeholders to ensure evidence-based and cost-effective practical interventions.

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