The economic benefits of rehabilitation for neurological conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Rory J. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Economic Analyses

Rehabilitation programmes are highly cost-effective interventions that restore people’s independence, dignity, and quality of life. In the past there was an impression that they appeared expensive, which resulted in a lack of enthusiasm to develop them by funding bodies and commissioners. However, the evidence demonstrating the long-term cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation is robust. Many people with long-term neurological conditions will live for many years after the onset of the condition and investment in their physical and psychological functioning early on will, over that person’s lifetime, will result in substantial savings. Nevertheless, calculating economic evaluations can be complicated and the correct measure must be chosen to identify the change produced by the rehabilitation intervention. These data must then be handled appropriately, and any ancillary costs included. The economic impact of the rehabilitation programme is wider than a purely healthcare intervention and will include potential earnings and reduced costs to social care. The economic analyses will also include housing, education, and vocational outcomes, and the effect of the long-term condition on family members who may have a caring role.

The economic benefits of rehabilitation for neurological conditions

2015 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Rory O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Correct Measure

A rehabilitation programme may initially appear expensive, resulting in a lack of enthusiasm to develop them by funding bodies and commissioners. Therefore, demonstrating the long-term cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation is extremely important. Many people with long-term neurological conditions will live for many years and investment in their physical and psychological functioning early in the course of the condition will, over the lifetime of the patient, potentially result in substantial savings.However, calculating economic evaluations can be complicated and the correct measure must be chosen to identify the change produced by the rehabilitation intervention. These data must then be handled appropriately and all ancillary costs included. The economics are wider than this and will include potential earnings and reduced costs to social care. The economic analyses will also include housing, education, and vocational outcomes and the impact on family members who may have a caring role.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Morales ◽  
R Jason Yong
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile

Abstract Objective To summarize the current literature on disparities in the treatment of chronic pain. Methods We focused on studies conducted in the United States and published from 2000 and onward. Studies of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and interventional designs were included. Results A review of the current literature revealed that an adverse association between non-White race and treatment of chronic pain is well supported. Studies have also shown that racial differences exist in the long-term monitoring for opioid misuse among patients suffering from chronic pain. In addition, a patient’s sociodemographic profile appears to influence the relationship between chronic pain and quality of life. Results from interventional studies were mixed. Conclusions Disparities exist within the treatment of chronic pain. Currently, it is unclear how to best combat these disparities. Further work is needed to understand why disparities exist and to identify points in patients’ treatment when they are most vulnerable to unequal care. Such work will help guide the development and implementation of effective interventions.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljudmila Neshchadym ◽  
Svetlana Тymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
High Level

The article monitors and analyzes the main strategies for the development of hotel and restaurant enterprises and, accordingly, increase their efficiency and competitiveness; the process of organization and economic planning of hotel and restaurant enterprises has been improved. It is investigated that the enterprises of hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine partially provide the necessary quality indicators for the provided services, and this is the reason for the insufficient level of competitiveness of services in the domestic market and in European countries. An urgent problem of planning and organizing the activities of hotel and restaurant enterprises is the use of innovative strategies and areas of long-term development to increase the level of competitiveness and quality of services provided. This will intensify innovation processes in Ukraine in the field of services. Innovative strategies and promising areas of development of hotel and restaurant enterprises are extremely important in the management of hotel and restaurant complexes. Innovative strategies in the hotel and restaurant industry are cost-effective and feasible provided a high level of profitability, improving the service process, expanding the range of services, reducing costs, increasing competitiveness, improve and optimize the work of all hotel or restaurant services. The application of innovative strategies in the process of hotel and restaurant enterprises allows them to compete in the field of service. In conditions of fierce competition and rapidly changing market conditions, it is very important not only to focus on the internal state of affairs of the enterprise, but also to develop a long-term strategy. Economic activity requires constant innovation. All services offered by hotel and restaurant enterprises must be introduced in modern innovative ways. This is the basis for successful business, maintaining a consistently high level of competitiveness and improving the quality of service. The selection of the optimal innovation strategy for a hotel or restaurant company is carried out by its management based on the analysis of key factors that characterize its condition and the state of the product portfolio.

scholarly journals What if we combine Quit and win and individual approach to help smokers quit at the community level?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kovacevic ◽  
D Zombori
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions

Abstract Issue Tobacco eventually kills up to a half of its users. Helping smokers who wish to quit is one of the six cost effective interventions listed by World Bank to decrease smoking harm. Tobacco Control Scale in 2016, shows diversity in approaches and coverage to help smokers quit across Europe. Comprehensive interventions are most effective. Combining contest, financial incentives, individual approach and triggers (start of Lent or other) could be implemented in other settings. Description of the problem Contest to motivate smokers for a quit attempt and individual help provided, has been conducted yearly since 2015 in a local community in Pozega-Slavonia County in Croatia. Data on all participants from 2015 through 2018 contests were collected by questionnaires and long term smoking status (6 months) evaluated by phone interviewing. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS. The objective was to determine how effective in helping smokers quit is a novel combination of evidence-based approaches “Quit and win” and individual support in local setting and to establish certain smokers characteristics as possible predictors of outcome. Results Data for 153 participants were collected. There were more (54%) male participants. Participants mean age was 35.8 years (range 18-67). Short term (30 day) abstinence rate was 73.9% (113/153) and out of those 34.1% (31/91) abstained long term (6 months). Long term follow-up was 80.5% (91/113). Overall, long term quit rate was 23.7% (31/131). There were no statistically significant differences in short and long term quit rates depending on age, sex, education, employment or socio-economic status, pack-year measure or personal success estimates. Lessons Comprehensive contest approach was found to be effective in helping smokers quit. Interest for implementation was shown by several counties and cities in Croatia. Effectiveness regardless of personal and social characteristics of contestants shows potential in different settings. Key messages Comprehensive interventions that include contest, financial incentives, individual approach and triggers in smoking cessation helped one in four involved smokers to quit. This approach has potential for implementation in diverse local communities as no difference in quit rates in different sex, age or socioeconomic groups were detected.

612 Assessing the Impact of Burns on Children Aged 5–18 Years: A Narrative Review of Health Outcomes Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S150-S150
Author(s):  
Amelia Austen ◽  
Carina Hou ◽  
Khushbu Patel ◽  
Keri Brady ◽  
Gabrielle G Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burn injuries can have major long-term effects on the health and quality of life for children and adolescents. This study narratively reviewed the health outcomes literature focusing on the impact of burn injury for children aged 5–18. Methods Literature targeting pediatric outcomes was reviewed to identify the effects of burns on children aged 5–18 (n=16). Inclusion criteria included studies that focused on the impact of burns on health and quality of life and were age-appropriate for this population. Articles were identified via PubMed, Web of Science, and manual reference checks. Data collected included the outcomes and health domains assessed in each article and the findings of the effects of the burn injury on those specific outcomes. The Preschool LIBRE Conceptual Model served as a ‘domains framework’ to guide the identification of outcomes and health domains. Results Long-term burn-specific outcomes and broad health domains identified were physical functioning (n=9), psychological functioning (n=12), social functioning (n=4), symptoms (n=8), and family (n=7). Some studies exclusively focused on one domain whereas others assessed two domains or more. Subdomains such as upper extremity functioning and functional independence were addressed in the physical functioning domain. Psychological functioning outcomes included subdomains such as emotional health and behavioral problems. Social functioning outcomes evaluated subdomains such as problems with peers and social participation. The symptoms domain addressed post-burn pain and itch. Family outcomes subdomains such as parental satisfaction with appearance and general family functioning were identified. Conclusions Burn-specific outcomes and health domains assessing the effects of burns on children aged 5–18 were identified among 16 studies. There is a need for a comprehensive assessment tool that more precisely measures the impact of burn injury across these domains. This work will inform the development of the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) Profile – a new outcome metric for children and adolescents with burns. Applicability of Research to Practice This review is relevant to researchers and clinicians assessing health outcomes and measuring burn recovery in children aged 5–18.

Rail Highway Grade Crossing Roughness Quantitative Measurement Using 3D Technology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng (Alex) Wang ◽  
Reginald R. Souleyrette ◽  
Daniel Lau ◽  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Grade Crossing ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Quality of surface is an important aspect affecting both the safety and the performance of at-grade rail-highway crossings. Roughness may increase the risk of crashes for both trains and automobiles. Varying grades in crossing profiles increase the likelihood of high-centered crossing collisions between train and truck [1]. The US DOT Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Handbook [2] suggests that rough surfaces could distract a driver’s attention from oncoming trains and that the unevenness of the crossing could result in a driver losing control of their vehicle resulting in a crash. No quantitative method currently exists to quickly and economically assess the condition of rail crossings in order to evaluate the long term performance of crossings and set a quantitative trigger for their rehabilitation. The conventional method to measure the surface of quality of crossings is based on expert judgment, whereby crossing surfaces are classified as poor, fair or good after an inspector visits and drives over the crossing. However, actual condition of the crossing could be different from the subjective rating. Poor condition rating crossings may not always present the most cost-effective locations for preventive maintenance to lower overall life-cycle costs. Conventional ratings may derive from driving a passenger car of pickup once over the crossing. Effects of various speed, on various vehicles (suspension), and at various places (laterally) cannot be determined or even estimated except at the smoothest of crossings. A quantifiable and extensible procedure is desired. With rapid advances in computer science, 3D sensing and imaging technologies, it seems logical that a cost-effective quantitative method could be developed to determine the need to rehabilitate rail crossings and assess long term performance. Fundamental to the quantification of crossing condition is the acquisition of an accurate 3D surface model of the crossing in its present state. This paper reports on the development of an accurate, low cost and readily deployable sensor capable of rapid collection of this 3D surface. The research is seen as a first step towards automating the crossing inspection process, ultimately leading to the quantification and estimation of future performance of rail crossing.

Treatment with rhEPO Decreases the Need for Transfusion in Patients with βThalassemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3778-3778
Author(s):  
Dora Bachir ◽  
Anoosha Habibi ◽  
Serge Pissard ◽  
Zohra Ourabah ◽  
Frederic Galacteros
Keyword(s):  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Human Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Transfusion Requirements

Abstract The usage of human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in βthalassemia shows in many sudies, that not only it increases the synthesis of γ chains, but it also improves erythroid parameters. Among our population of thalassemic patients, eight patients with βthalassemia intermedia that were regulary transfused, were given escalating doses of rhEPO mostly darpoietin-α. Before receiving rhEPO, all patients had undergone splenectomy, also received iron chelation therapy, and folic acid supplementation. No patient received iron supplementation together with rhEPO. With rhEPO, two patients were able to discontinue their requirements for transfusions. In the others, haemoglobin level was maintained above 8 g/dl. Four patients experienced bone pain which was successfully treated with hydroxyurea. All patients had improvement in their quality of life. This small series illustrates that rhEPO may be useful and cost effective in the long term (considering the risks of red blood cell transfusion) in some selected splenectomized transfusion-dependent patients with βthalassemia intermedia. Results Transfusion requirements (ml/kg/year) Patients Year of birth Sex Final doses of rhEPO (UI*kg/week) Follow-up (months) Before After Hydroxyurea * interruption of rhEPO because of participation to ICL 670 A 0107 protocol 1 1975 M 970 33 150 75 + 2 1973 F 1365 34 125 0 + 3 1965 M 820 33 130 0 + 4 1959 F 650 27 125 98 + 5 1979 F 715 15 210 160 * + 6 1978 M 1035 7 255 90 − 7 1987 F 450 3 135 80 − 8 1974 M 900 7 190 75 +

The Quality of Military Grade Electronic Parts

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Howard Perlstein
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Screen Program ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Electronic Parts ◽  
Effective Component

What greater pay-off is there than to detect defects at the lowest level? One of the answers to that question is to have cost-effective component part screening. This paper provides both the premises and the results of a long term comprehensive parts screen program. Evidence is presented to prove its cost effectiveness. This program is active and continuing at present and has the full support of Litton management.

Mexico tourism plan rides on success of Maya Train

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Tourism Potential

Significance The news follows years of healthy growth in the sector and comes as the government launches a new tourism plan. President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) announced the National Tourism Strategy 2019-24 in Chetumal on February 24, highlighting the government’s intention to use the sector as a vehicle for regional development, job creation, social inclusion and equality. Within this framework, the construction of a ‘Maya Train’ in the relatively poor south of the country will be the sector’s priority. Impacts The lack of a formal environmental impact assessment for the Maya Train puts the environment, and its long-term tourism potential, at risk. Business’s mistrust of AMLO, and the potential downgrading of Mexico’s sovereign ratings, threaten infrastructure investment hopes. SECTUR’s move to Quintana Roo feeds into the government’s decentralisation rhetoric but will not necessarily help boost sectoral growth. Plans to incentivise domestic travel by the poor may increase tourism numbers and quality of life but will bring few economic benefits.

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