scholarly journals Static Profiling of Assembly Code Performance and Optimization Effectiveness using Instructions Performed and Program Latency

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1468
Keyword(s):  
Assembly Language ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Program Optimization ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Code Performance ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Software program optimization for improved execution speed can be achieved through modifying the program. Programs are usually written in high level languages then translated into low level assembly language. More coverage of optimization and performance analysis can be performed on low level than high level language. Optimization improvement is measured in the difference in program execution performance. Several methods are available for measuring program performance are classified into static approaches and dynamic approaches. This paper presents an alternative method of more accurately measuring code performance statically than commonly used code analysis metrics. New metrics proposed are designed to expose effectiveness of optimization performed on code, specifically unroll optimizations. An optimization method, loop unroll is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the increased accuracy of the proposed metric. The results of the study show that measuring Instructions Performed and Instruction Latency is a more accurate static metric than Instruction Count and subsequently those based on it.

scholarly journals An Optimization Framework for Codes Classification and Performance Evaluation of RISC Microprocessors

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Syed Rameez Naqvi ◽  
Ali Roman ◽  
Tallha Akram ◽  
Majed M. Alhaisoni ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assembly Language ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Mathematical Performance ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reduced Instruction Set Computer ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Given ◽  
Primary Contribution

Pipelines, in Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) microprocessors, are expected to provide increased throughputs in most cases. However, there are a few instructions, and therefore entire assembly language codes, that execute faster and hazard-free without pipelines. It is usual for the compilers to generate codes from high level description that are more suitable for the underlying hardware to maintain symmetry with respect to performance; this, however, is not always guaranteed. Therefore, instead of trying to optimize the description to suit the processor design, we try to determine the more suitable processor variant for the given code during compile time, and dynamically reconfigure the system accordingly. In doing so, however, we first need to classify each code according to its suitability to a different processor variant. The latter, in turn, gives us confidence in performance symmetry against various types of codes—this is the primary contribution of the proposed work. We first develop mathematical performance models of three conventional microprocessor designs, and propose a symmetry-improving nonlinear optimization method to achieve code-to-design mapping. Our analysis is based on four different architectures and 324,000 different assembly language codes, each with between 10 and 1000 instructions with different percentages of commonly seen instruction types. Our results suggest that in the sub-micron era, where execution time of each instruction is merely in a few nanoseconds, codes accumulating as low as 5% (or above) hazard causing instructions execute more swiftly on processors without pipelines.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

THE LEED-COMMERCIAL INTERIORS (V4) PROJECTS IN CALIFORNIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Green Building ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Environmental Product Declarations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Building Standards

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Commercial Interior Certified, Silver, and Gold projects version 4.0 (LEED-CIv4) in California for the period 2015‒2020. Nonparametric tests were used to assess category and credit achievement, i.e., the difference between possible and achieved points and the correlation between associated credits. The results show that most of the credits in the location and transportation category and the indoor environmental quality categories had a high level of achievement, a few credits in the energy and atmosphere and materials and resources categories had a high level of achievement, and all of the credits in the water efficiency category had a low level of achievement. Some associated credits, such as surrounding density and quality transit, had a high level of achievement and a positive correlation, whereas other associated credits, such as life-cycle impact reduction and environmental product declarations, had a low level of achievement and a positive correlation. If LEED-CIv4 credits meet the requirements of the California Green Building Standards Code 2016 (CGBSC 2016), then these credits typically have a medium/high level of achievement. If LEED-CIv4 credits exceed the requirements of CGBSC 2016, then these credits have a low level of achievement. Therefore, to improve the next version of LEED-CI, it is necessary to improve the local green codes.

The effects of genotype and post-weaning nutrition on compensatory growth in cattle reared as singles or twins

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
E. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThirty-five Charolais × Blue-Grey and Charolais × (Hereford × Friesian) weaned suckled calves which had been reared as either singles or twins and 19 single-reared Luing and Charolais × Luing weaned suckled calves were given silagead libitumsupplemented with either 0·75 or 2·5 kg rolled barley per day during the post-weaning winter. During summer the cattle continuously grazed perennial ryegrass swards. The high level of barley supplementation increased winter live-weight gain by 0·25 kg/day (P< 0·001). During summer the cattle from the low level of feeding gained weight at 0·09 kg/day (P< 0·05) faster than those from the high level of feeding. However, by the end of the summer grazing period the cattle on the low level of feeding were proportionately only 0·97 the weight of the animals on the high level of feeding.During winter the performance of all genotypes was similar, but at pasture the Luing cattle gained less weight (P< 0·01) than the single-reared Charolais-cross genotypes.Twin-reared cattle took 55 days longer to reach slaughter condition, but produced carcasses of equal weight and fatness to those from single-reared cattle.The twin-reared cattle on the high level of feeding and the single-reared cattle on the low level of feeding attained a similar weight, body condition and ultrasonic backfat at turn-out. Thereafter, their herbage intakes and live-weight gains were identical suggesting that previous level of feeding per se is unimportant in determining an animal's subsequent intake and performance. Rather it is the body composition at a given age, irrespective of the pathway followed to attain that composition, that determines performance thereafter. It is also suggested that the inability of cattle to compensate for a reduction in level of nutrition during the first 3 to 4 months of life is due to the lack of potential for fat deposition, and there is thus limited opportunity for nutritional manipulation of body composition at that age.

Some results of an experiment to compare ley and arable rotations at Woburn

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Mann ◽  
D. A. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

The effect of short leys and arable cropping on the yields of the following arable crops has been tested since 1937 at Woburn Experimental Farm, Bedfordshire. The leys were a 3-year grazed ley and 3 years of lucerne cut for hay and the arable cropping was potatoes, winter cereal and either a 1-year ley or a third tillage crop. The effects of these crop sequences were measured by test crops of potatoes and barley, uniformly treated except that 15 tons farmyard manure was applied on one-half of each plot for potatoes.Without farmyard manure, the yield of potatoes after the grazed ley was higher than after three tillage crops by an average of about 3 tons per acre; after lucerne it was about 2 tons per acre more than after the tillage crops and after the 1 -year ley under 1 ton per acre more. With farmyard manure the benefit from leys was less (about 2 tons per acre for both lucerne and the grazed ley). The average effect of the farmyard manure was about 2·8 tons except after the grazed ley, where the increase was only 1·6 tons per acre.Effects of the previous cropping on the yield of barley were small in the early years of the experiment, but in the last 5 years the yield after ley and lucerne has exceeded that after the tillage crops by about 15%.Part of the difference in potato yield between the ley and arable sequences can be attributed to the differential incidence of potato-root eelworm, which has reached a high level of infestation on some of the arable plots. Much of the remainder may be ascribed to the low level of basal manuring which has affected the yield of all plots, but particularly those under tillage crops. How far the observed differences can be explained by these considerations remains a matter for speculation, but may to some extent be clarified when further results are obtained from a revised scheme of cropping and manuring.

scholarly journals Academic Performance as a Function of Level of Aspiration & Gender – A Comparative Study amongst Different Streams of Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Paliwal ◽  
Dr. Nanda Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Level Of Aspiration ◽  
Better Than

The present study examines the level of aspiration of students belonging to different streams of education and its impact on academic performance. The sample of the study consisted of 717 students (358 males and 358 females). The age range of the sample was 18 to 19 years. Tool used for measuring level of aspiration was Level of Aspiration Measure developed by Dr. Mahesh Bhargava and Prof. M A Shah. Goal Discrepancy Score is the difference between aspiration and the achievement on the same trial. The percentiles of marks obtained in the last qualifying exam were treated as an indicator of academic performance. For inferential purpose the data was treated with ANOVA and Scheffe’s test of Multiple Comparison. The findings of the study revealed that no significant difference exists between Academic Performance of students with high and low achievers belonging to Engineering and Management streams of education; however there exists significant differences between academic performances of students with high and low Level of Aspiration belonging to Law fraternity; with students showing low Level of Aspiration performing better than students with high Level of Aspiration. There exists no significant difference between academic performance of boys and girls with respect to Level of Aspiration in engineering stream. However, there exists significant difference between academic performance of boys and girls with respect to Level of Aspiration in Management and Legal streams of education. In both the streams girls outshine boys.

scholarly journals The Innovatively Active University: Formation Causes and Performance Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
O. V. Rayevnyeva ◽  
◽  
K. M. Azizova ◽  
V. M. Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Educational Innovations ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Entrepreneurial Organization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The article aims at defining the essence of the "innovatively active university" concept as well as the key characteristics and structural components of such a university; substantiating the management framework of educational innovations taking place at a university and providing a flexible combination of teaching, research and entrepreneurship. The article considers the regulatory support present in Ukraine as for the functioning of the education system, including all its levels and subsystems, the activities of various educational institutions, public or private, irrespective of their attendance modes. The analysis of definitions of the "innovative university" term suggested by various scientists has been carried out thus allowing the author to consider this concept within the functional approach. It has been determined that the given terms are similar in their meaning, but still the difference between them is rather significant. For a deeper understanding of the concept, decomposition of the abovementioned definitions into the main components has been made according to the following points: the essential component of the concept; activity areas of the innovative university; the mission of an innovative university. The "innovatively active university" has been defined as an entrepreneurial organization that possesses the resource readiness to promote accelerated social and economic development through intensive transfer of knowledge and technology generated at the university due to partnership relations established with stakeholders (labor market actors, government and NGOs). Models of the innovative university and their distinctive features have been suggested. The main characteristics of the innovative university that contribute to the development of new systems and management processes have been outlined. The ways of managing innovative universities have been considered and the management framework of educational innovations at a university has been offered. Prospects for further research in this area lie in the following: analyzing the competitive strength of universities around the world to determine the internal and external features of an innovatively active university, helping it to achieve and maintain a high level of competitiveness and attractiveness.

scholarly journals Verified tensor-program optimization via high-level scheduling rewrites

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Amanda Liu ◽  
Gilbert Louis Bernstein ◽  
Adam Chlipala ◽  
Jonathan Ragan-Kelley
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Program Transformations ◽  
Program Optimization ◽  
User Scheduling ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Nested Loops ◽  
Level Scheduling ◽  
High Level ◽  
Storage Patterns

We present a lightweight Coq framework for optimizing tensor kernels written in a pure, functional array language. Optimizations rely on user scheduling using series of verified, semantics-preserving rewrites. Unusually for compilation targeting imperative code with arrays and nested loops, all rewrites are source-to-source within a purely functional language. Our language comprises a set of core constructs for expressing high-level computation detail and a set of what we call reshape operators, which can be derived from core constructs but trigger low-level decisions about storage patterns and ordering. We demonstrate that not only is this system capable of deriving the optimizations of existing state-of-the-art languages like Halide and generating comparably performant code, it is also able to schedule a family of useful program transformations beyond what is reachable in Halide.

SOFTWARE DIVERSITY-BASED ACTIVE REPLICATION AS AN APPROACH FOR ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF ADVANCED SIMULATION SYSTEMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 495-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO QUAGLIA
Keyword(s):  
System Availability ◽  
Software Diversity ◽  
Performance Guarantees ◽  
Active Replication ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simulation Systems ◽  
Simulation Package

Active replication has been widely explored to achieve fault tolerance and to improve system availability, especially in service oriented applications. In this paper we explore software diversity-based active replication in the context of advanced simulation systems, with the aim at improving the timeliness for the production of simulation output. Our proposal is framed by the High-Level-Architecture (HLA), namely a middleware based standard for simulation package interoperability, and results in the design and implementation of an Active Replication Management Layer (ARML) targeted to off-the-shelf SMP computing systems. This layer can be interposed in between each simulator instance and the underlying HLA middleware component, in order to support the execution of diversity-based active replicas of a same simulation package in a totally transparent manner. Beyond presenting the replication framework and the design/implementation of ARML, we also report the results of an experimental evaluation on a case study, quantifying the benefits from our proposal in terms of both simulation execution speed and performance guarantees vs tunable software parameters. (Free software releases of ARML can be found at the URL ).

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PEMETAAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU (AKI) DAN ANGKA KEMATIAN BAYI (AKB) DENGAN METODE K-MEANS CLUSTERING (STUDI KASUS: PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Kevin Bima Aditya ◽  
Yudi Setiawan ◽  
Diyah Puspitaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Service Management ◽  
National Average ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

ABSTRAK Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam menilai tingkat derajat kesehatan masyarakat di suatu negara. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu tahun 2012 hingga 2015, AKI dan AKB di Provinsi Bengkulu masih diatas rata-rata nasional. K-Means Clustering merupakan salah satu metode pengelompokan non hirarki yang bertujuan mengelompokkan objek sedemikian hingga jarak-jarak tiap objek ke pusat kelompok di dalam satu kelompok adalah minimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Merancang dan membangun Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk memetakan angka kematian ibu dan bayi di setiap Kota/Kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkulu menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering, (2) Mengetahui perbedaan dan status pengelompokkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi di setiap Kota/Kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu (1) Penelitian ini berhasil memetakan angka kematian ibu dan bayi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu rendah, sedang dan tinggi (2) berhasil menerapkan metode K-Means Clustering (3) Persentasi AKI berdasarkan kota/kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkulu, sebagai berikut: 15% kota/kabupaten berada di tingkat rendah, 65% berada di tingkat sedang dan 20% berada di tingkat tinggi. Sedangkan persentasi AKB-nya 32,5% kota/kabupaten berada di tingkat rendah, 60% berada di tingkat sedang dan 7,5% berada di tingkat tinggi. Secara keseluruhan dapat dikatakan bahwa tingkat AKI/AKB di Provinsi Bengkulu masih belum memuaskan, yaitu < 15% AKI dan < 32,5% AKB..   ABSTRACT Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is one important indicator in assessing the degree of public health in a country. Based on data from Bengkulu Provincial Health Office in 2012 until 2015, MMR and IMR in Bengkulu is still above the national average. K-Means Clustering is one of the non-hierarchical clustering method that aims to group objects so that the distance from the object to the center of each group in the group is the minimum. This study aims to (1) Designing and building a Geographic Information System to map the mortality rate of mothers and babies in each City/Regency in Bengkulu using K-Means Clustering, (2) Know the difference and status grouping of maternal and infant deaths in each city/regency in Bengkulu. The results obtained are: (1) This research has mapped the mortality rate of mothers and infants into three groups: low, medium and high (2) successfully applied the method of K-Means Clustering (3) Percentage of AKI city/regency in Bengkulu, as follows: 15% city/regency is at a low level, 65% were in the middle level and 20% are at a high level. While his AKB percentage 32.5% city/regency is at a low level, 60% were in the moderate and 7.5% were at high levels. Overall it can be said that the rate of MMR / IMR in Bengkulu Province is not too satisfied in term of healty service management that is < 15% MMR  and < 32.5% IMR. How to Cite : Aditya, K.B. Setiawan, Y. Puspitaningrum, D. (2017). SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PEMETAAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU (AKI) DAN ANGKA KEMATIAN BAYI (AKB) DENGAN METODE K-MEANS CLUSTERING (STUDI KASUS: PROVINSI BENGKULU). Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 10(1), 59-66. doi:10.15408/jti.v10i1.6817Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v10i1.6817

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