scholarly journals Untraditional Methods of Growing Cucumbers on Open Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 586-589
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Similar Soil

The aim of the study is to compare the parameters of the crop yields, phenological development and commercial production of cucumbers under conventional and trellis method in open areas of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan. The technology of growing cucumbers by the trellis method in open ground for vegetables is an innovative way on small farms and in the country’s gardens. Unlike the conventional method, under the trellis method the number of seedlings increases, the air exchange between plants is improved, the soil moisture content is also improved, the quality of fruits increases and the diseases in the soil decrease. In samples of Uzbekistan 740, Navruz, Sevinch, Samar F1 and Orzu F1, high merchantability in was obtained. Compared to the traditional planting method, the trellis method allowed to enhance crop yields by 4.3, 5.0, 6.6 t/ha for the Uzbekistan-740, Nаvruz and Sevinch varieties and increased yields by 6.5 and 6, 8 t/ha for Samar F1 and Orzu F1 hybrids, respectively. In addition, marketable products of Uzbekistan-740, Navruz and Sevinch varieties were 24.6, 32.4 and 38.8 t/ha, for Samar F1 and Orzu F1 hybrids - 39.7 and 42.8 t/ha, respectively. The research results proved the feasibility of growing cucumbers using trellis technology in open ground for similar soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan..

scholarly journals Research on Inversion Model of Cultivated Soil Moisture Content Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Tinghui Wu ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Jingxia Lu ◽  
Xiuguo Zou ◽  
Wentian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Successive Projections Algorithm ◽  
Inversion Model ◽  
Cultivated Soil

Based on hyperspectral imaging technology, rapid and efficient prediction of soil moisture content (SMC) can provide an essential basis for the formulation of precise agricultural programs (e.g., forestry irrigation and environmental management). To build an efficient inversion model of SMC, this paper collected 117 cultivated soil samples from the Chair Hill area and tested them using the GaiaSorter hyperspectral sorter. The collected soil reflectance dataset was preprocessed by wavelet transform, before the combination of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm and successive projections algorithm (CARS-SPA) was used to select the bands optimally. Seven wavelengths of 695, 711, 736, 747, 767, 778, and 796 nm were selected and used as the factors of the SMC inversion model. The popular linear regression algorithm was employed to construct this model. The result indicated that the inversion model established by the multiple linear regression algorithm (the predicted R2 was 0.83 and the RMSE was 0.0078) was feasible and highly accurate, indicating it could play an important role in predicting SMC of cultivated soils over a large area for agricultural irrigation and remote monitoring of crop yields.

Rising Temperatures Increase Importance of Oceanic Evaporation as a Source for Continental Precipitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Findell ◽  
Patrick Keys ◽  
Ruud van der Ent ◽  
Benjamin Lintner ◽  
Alexis Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Global Mean

<p>Understanding vulnerabilities of continental precipitation to changing climatic conditions is of critical importance to society at large. Terrestrial precipitation is fed by moisture originating as evaporation from oceans and from recycling of water evaporated from continental sources. In this study, continental precipitation and evaporation recycling processes in the Earth system model GFDL-ESM2G are shown to be consistent with estimates from two different reanalysis products. The GFDL-ESM2G simulations of historical and future climate also show that values of continental moisture recycling ratios were systematically higher in the past and will be lower in the future.</p><p>Global mean recycling ratios decrease 2%–3% with each degree of temperature increase, indicating the increased importance of oceanic evaporation for continental precipitation. Theoretical arguments for recycling changes stem from increasing atmospheric temperatures and evaporative demand that drive increases in evaporation over oceans that are more rapid than those over land as a result of terrestrial soil moisture limitations. Simulated recycling changes are demonstrated to be consistent with these theoretical arguments. A simple prototype describing this theory effectively captures the zonal mean behavior of GFDL-ESM2G.</p><p>Key sources of terrestrial evaporation, notably the interior of the Amazon basin and parts of the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Indus River basins, may experience reductions in moisture recycling. This has implications for key sink regions of terrestrial recycled precipitation, especially in rain-fed agricultural regions where crop yields will become increasingly soil moisture limited, such as the La Plata River basin, the corn producing regions of North America, southern Africa and the Sahel.</p><p>The results presented here have been published last year in Journal of Climate dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0145.1</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Soil compaction of various Central European forest soils caused by traffic of forestry machines with various chassis

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Allman ◽  
Martin Jankovský ◽  
Valéria Messingerová ◽  
Zuzana Allmanová ◽  
Michal Ferenčík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
European Forest

<p><em>Aim of study: </em>The primary objective of this paper was to compare the effects of different types of forestry machine chassis on the compaction of the top layers of soil and to define the soil moisture content level, at which machine traffic results in maximum compaction.</p><p><em>Area of study:</em> Measurements were conducted in eight forest stands located in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The soil types in the stands subjected to the study were luvisols, stagnosols, cambisols, and rendzinas.</p><p><em>Material and Methods:</em> The measurements were focused on tracked and wheeled (equipped with low pressure tyres) cut-to-length machines, and skidders equipped with wide and standard tyres. The bulk density of soil was determined from soil samples extracted from the ruts, the centre of the skid trail, and the undisturbed stand. To determine soil moisture content, at which the soil is the most susceptible to compaction, the Proctor standard test was employed.</p><p><em>Main results:</em> The moisture content for maximal compaction fluctuated from 12% to 34.06%. Wheeled machines compacted the soil to 1.24 – 1.36 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> (30.3 – 35.4 % compaction) in dried state. Bulk density of soil in stands where tracked machine operated was lower, ranging from 1.02 to 1.06 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> (25.3 % compaction).</p><p><em>Research highlights:</em> All wheeled machines caused the same amount of soil compaction in the ruts, despite differences in tyres, machine weight, etc. Maximum compaction caused by forestry machines occurred at minimal moisture contents, easily achievable in European climatic conditions.  </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> soil compaction; bulk density; soil moisture content limits; cut-to-length machines; skidders.</p>

scholarly journals Ecological features of No-till technology in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
T. Manushkina ◽  
◽  
А. Drobitko ◽  
T. Kachanova ◽  
O. Heraschenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Microbiological Activity ◽  
Soil Moisture Reserves

Ecological features of No-till technology in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine The effect of No-till technology on soil density, soil moisture reserves, soil microbiological activity, and crop yields was studied. The increase in crop yield up to 14.3-22.9% by No-till technology allowed us to draw a conclusion about optimizing soil fertility indicators in the climatic conditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine in comparison with traditional intensive technologies. It was shown that the introduction of No-till technology will allow improve environmental processes in the soil, reduce the anthropogenic load on agroecosystems and the manifestation of erosion processes, increase crop yields and reduce energy costs for their cultivation. Keywords: soil, No-till technology, soil density, soil moisture, fertility, yield.

scholarly journals Застосування нейронних мереж для автоматизованого керування вологозабезпеченістю сільськогосподарських культур

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Л. І. Лєві
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Control Accuracy

Розглянуто нейромережевий підхід до автоматизованого керування вологозабезпеченістю сільськогосподарських культур. Сучасний стан теорії і практики створення штучних нейронних мереж і нейрокомп’ютерів надав можливість розробки принципово нових алгоритмів і методів керування складними нелінійними динамічними об'єктами. Це дозволяє підвищити точність керування вологістю ґрунту, забезпечити отримання планових врожаїв сільськогосподарських культур, економити водні та енергетичні ресурси за рахунок їх раціонального використання. The highest yield of agricultural crops is achieved with the optimal amount of moisture, nutrition, heat, air and light. At the same time, the water regime of the soil is necessary for crops and is created by the appropriate irrigation regime, which establishes the norms, timing and amount of irrigation depending on the biological characteristics of the crops, natural and economic conditions. In determining the irrigation water flow, water consumption or total evaporation is taken into account, depending on climatic conditions, the amount of thermal energy supplied to the surface, soil moisture, the type and yield of the crop. Therefore, issues of adaptation and self-study of automated soil moisture management systems under the influence of random weather factors, changes in the characteristics of the control object, improvement of control accuracy due to the operational accounting of the effect of disturbances on the object, ensuring the production of planned crop yields while rational use of energy and water resources are relevant. In addition, modern moisture management systems for agricultural crops should not only ensure sufficient control accuracy, but also predict the plants need for water for a certain period, minimize energy and water costs without yield loss, be reliable and convenient in operation, provide the operator with complete and timely information about the value of all parameters and the state of the control system. To solve these problems, an approach to automating the process of controlling irrigation systems using neural networks has been considered. The proposed approach allows to improve the accuracy of soil moisture management, to ensure the production of planned crop yields, to save water and energy resources due to their rational use.

scholarly journals State and prospects of development of tomato breeding in modern market conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
I. V. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
The South ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Functional Male Sterility ◽  
Production Technologies

Relevance. To meet the needs of the population and commodity producers in the south of Russia in tomatoes, it is necessary to develop varieties and hybrids of various directions that have high productivity, increased fruit quality and resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases, that meet modern production technologies and market requirements, as well as have an acceptable price for seeds.Aim of study – creation of new maternal tomato lines with functional male sterility for open ground for various purposes (for fresh consumption, whole-fruit canning,), which will make it possible to create highly productive hybrids that meet the agro-climatic conditions of the south of Russia in the future.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in a breeding film greenhouse and in field conditions on the territory of the experimental plot of FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" of the central soil-climatic zone of Krasnodar region. The object of research were mid-ripening tomato varieties included in the competitive testing, sterile tomato lines, new F1 hybrids based on FMS, collection and breeding material. The types of crosses used in the work: analyzing, saturating, top-crosses. To speed up the process of developing new sterile tomato lines in winter, artificial climate chambers were used.Results. As a result of the research, promising new functionally sterile lines of tomato were identified, differing in the length of the vegetation period, weight, color, fruit shape, biochemical parameters, with a number of useful economically valuable traits.

Rising Temperatures Increase Importance of Oceanic Evaporation as a Source for Continental Precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 7713-7726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Findell ◽  
Patrick W. Keys ◽  
Ruud J. van der Ent ◽  
Benjamin R. Lintner ◽  
Alexis Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
System Model ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract Understanding vulnerabilities of continental precipitation to changing climatic conditions is of critical importance to society at large. Terrestrial precipitation is fed by moisture originating as evaporation from oceans and from recycling of water evaporated from continental sources. In this study, continental precipitation and evaporation recycling processes in the Earth system model GFDL-ESM2G are shown to be consistent with estimates from two different reanalysis products. The GFDL-ESM2G simulations of historical and future climate also show that values of continental moisture recycling ratios were systematically higher in the past and will be lower in the future. Global mean recycling ratios decrease 2%–3% with each degree of temperature increase, indicating the increased importance of oceanic evaporation for continental precipitation. Theoretical arguments for recycling changes stem from increasing atmospheric temperatures and evaporative demand that drive increases in evaporation over oceans that are more rapid than those over land as a result of terrestrial soil moisture limitations. Simulated recycling changes are demonstrated to be consistent with these theoretical arguments. A simple prototype describing this theory effectively captures the zonal mean behavior of GFDL-ESM2G. Implications of such behavior are particularly serious in rain-fed agricultural regions where crop yields will become increasingly soil moisture limited.

Autumn Tillage, Soil Moisture Content, and Crop Yields

2019 ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
T. Meinel ◽  
R. Meissner ◽  
L.-C. Grunwald ◽  
V. V. Volnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Yields
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