scholarly journals State and prospects of development of tomato breeding in modern market conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
I. V. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
The South ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Functional Male Sterility ◽  
Production Technologies

Relevance. To meet the needs of the population and commodity producers in the south of Russia in tomatoes, it is necessary to develop varieties and hybrids of various directions that have high productivity, increased fruit quality and resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases, that meet modern production technologies and market requirements, as well as have an acceptable price for seeds.Aim of study – creation of new maternal tomato lines with functional male sterility for open ground for various purposes (for fresh consumption, whole-fruit canning,), which will make it possible to create highly productive hybrids that meet the agro-climatic conditions of the south of Russia in the future.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in a breeding film greenhouse and in field conditions on the territory of the experimental plot of FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre" of the central soil-climatic zone of Krasnodar region. The object of research were mid-ripening tomato varieties included in the competitive testing, sterile tomato lines, new F1 hybrids based on FMS, collection and breeding material. The types of crosses used in the work: analyzing, saturating, top-crosses. To speed up the process of developing new sterile tomato lines in winter, artificial climate chambers were used.Results. As a result of the research, promising new functionally sterile lines of tomato were identified, differing in the length of the vegetation period, weight, color, fruit shape, biochemical parameters, with a number of useful economically valuable traits.

scholarly journals Development, evaluation and characteristic of economically valuable traits in new sterile line of tomato for producing hybrids in the South of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02045
Author(s):  
Irina Kozlova ◽  
Lyubov Esaulova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

To meet the needs of the population and commodity producers in southern Russia for tomato fruits, it is necessary to develop hybrids of various purposes, taking into account their increased adaptability to abiotic environmental factors that meet modern production technologies and market requirements, as well as combine high economically valuable traits and an acceptable price for seeds. The use of lines with a sterility trait may reduce labor costs for the production of hybrids and improve their quality. The purpose of these studies was to develop sterile lines of tomato for open ground for various purposes (fresh consumption and processing) and to obtain high-yielding hybrids on their basis. As a result of the research carried out, promising functionally sterile lines of tomato with a number of economically valuable traits have been developed, including large fruit size, productivity, lack of stalk articulation, biochemical parameters and commercial attractiveness of fruits. According to the length of the growing season, all inbred lines were divided into 3 groups: mid-early, mid-season, and mid-late. Further involvement of new sterile lines in the hybridization process as parent components in development of heterotic tomato hybrids resistant to abiotic environmental factors will make it possible to develop hybrids of various purposes for growing in open ground in the soil and climatic conditions of southern Russia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

scholarly journals The use of the Ugandan initial grain sorghum forms in the hybridization of the sorghum varieties for forage and food

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kovtunov ◽  
Natalia Kovtunova
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The problem to develop new early maturing grain sorghum varieties adapted to mechanized harvesting with high productivity and feed advantages, is of great urgency. The purpose of the current work was to study the inheritance of the main economically valuable traits in the first generation hybrids developed in the hybridization between samples of different ecological and geographical origin. In the first generation hybrids Zernogradskoe 88 × Seso 1 and Zernogradskoe 88 × Narosorg 1, there was identified the improvement of 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and length of a peduncle in comparison with the initial parental forms. In the hybrid combination obtained as a result of hybridization of the varieties Zernogradskoe 88 and Seso 3 there was not identified any positive manifestation of heterosis for the breeding process in the main studied traits. According to the trait ‘plant height’ in all combinations, there was identified overdominance of high-growing forms. According to the protein percentage in grains there was established depression or dominance of lower values of the trait. The inheritance of the trait ‘length of vegetation period’ in the studied hybrids corresponded to the partial dominance of both lower and higher values of the trait.

scholarly journals NORTH-AMERICAN SPECIES OF ROWAN TREES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE SOUTH-URAL BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
R. G. Abdullina
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Species Characteristics

A brief description of three North-American species of rowan trees from the collection of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences (UFRC RAS): Sorbus decora, Sorbus americana and Sorbus scopulina is given. The climatic conditions of introduction area are similar in temperature to the parameters of the natural range of the North American S. decora: they are not optimal for it, but the plants bloom and give viable seeds. It can be assumed that vital signs of S. decora would be higher in milder climate and favorable water-physical soil conditions. According to the analysis of variance, it is revealed that the conditions of the year and species characteristics significantly affect all the phenological phases of development of North American rowan trees. At the same time, they are more dependent on the temperature conditions of the year (F=17.4 at p<0.001) and less on species characteristics (F=6.2, at p<0.001), although the sequence of phenophases is maintained from year to year. The average vegetation period of rowan trees is 154–163 days. S. decora growing in the Botanical Garden for a long time (planted in 1960–1974) and relatively new species for the collection – S. mericana and S. scopulina (2009–2013) can be considered promising decorative crops for growing in the climatic conditions of Ufa and the Bashkir Urals

scholarly journals Interrelations of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of productivity of the new peas lines

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin ◽  
M. V. Skulova ◽  
D. P. Dorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Biochemical Estimation ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Variety Testing

In 2016-2018 in the competitive variety testing there was conducted the study of peas on the fields of research crop rotation of the laboratory of legumes breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” located in the zone of unstable humidity of the Rostov region (Zernograd district). The analysis of the obtained seeds was carried out in the laboratory of biochemical estimation of breeding material and grain quality of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The objects of research were new pea lines of breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, which differed in their morphological, biological and economically valuable traits and properties. During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the vegetation period of peas were contrasting, which made it possible to objectively estimate the lines in the climatic conditions. In the competitive variety testing for the period of 2016-2018, the evaluation of new promising pea lines due to their productivity and protein percentage resulted in identification the leafless pea lines “G-1002” and “G-1003” which exceeded the standard variety “Aksaisky Usaty 5” in productivity (0.30 and 0.39 t/ha) and protein yield (0.08 and 0.10 t/ha, respectively). There is a high correlation between seed productivity and protein content (0.95). There is a low correlation between protein percentage in seeds and protein yield (0.35). There is no correlation between productivity and protein percentage in seeds (0.03). The analysis of correlations shows that pea breeding on productivity directly affects on protein yield, i. e. the larger seed productivity, the larger protein percentage. The most productive pea lines are going to be used in further breeding work.

scholarly journals Growth features of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. in the conditions of field vegetation experiment and in greenhouse on the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04047
Author(s):  
O Ilnitsky ◽  
Y Plugatar ◽  
A Pashtetsky ◽  
S Korsakova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Limiting Values

Different climatic conditions of the greenhouse and open ground determine the growth characteristics of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. During the studied vegetation period, three periods of trunk diameter growth were observed in the field vegetation experiment: in March–May, two growth peaks – at the first peak – 1% (0.68 mm), at the second one – 8.83% (3.72 mm). In July-August by 4.74% (1.69 mm), and in SeptemberOctober by 4.9% – (1.53 mm), the increase in the trunk diameter for 2019 was 18.96% or 7.62 mm. In greenhouse conditions, there were two growth peaks: in March-July, the first peak was an increase in d,% by 7.12% (1.11 mm) – while there was a slowdown in growth (April, 28 –May, 27) and (July, 13 – July, 25). The second peak is an increase in d,% by 5.06% and a slowdown in growth (November, 05 – November, 14). Total increase in d,% was 12.18% (1.899 mm). The increase in d,% in the conditions of vegetation experiment is 6.48% more than in the greenhouse conditions. Optimal and limiting values of the studied parameters of the environment and d,% for both research variants are found, and equations of nonlinear dependence between them are constructed. An increase in air temperature to 30-35°C causes a decrease in growth intensity. The research made it possible to determine the optimal and limiting conditions for the growth of this species in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea and the possibility of its introduction to other regions.

scholarly journals The nature of the manifestation of heterosis is a reliable indicator of a high specific combination ability in a cucumber of the bee-pollinated type

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
T. I. Mokryanskaya ◽  
V. F. Gorokhovsckyi
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
L 96 ◽  
Research Institute

Relevance. One of the most important stages in the selection of agricultural crops for heterosis is the determination of the combinational ability, in particular, the evaluation of the SCS constants of lines of promising hybrid combinations. Purpose: on the basis of the best hybrid combinations, create promising cucumber hybrids for open and protected ground, for various purposes, characterized by a complex of economically useful features, including high fruit yield. Objective: to evaluate the effects of true, hypothetical, competitive heterosis of hybrids and SCA line constants in the studied F1 hybrid combinations.Materials and methods.The research work was carried out in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014-2018 in greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground when growing in a spread and on a trellis. Much attention was paid to the degree and nature of the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids, which were evaluated by early and total yield, the yield of standard fruits, the yield of gherkins and greens. The degree of manifestation of true, hypothetical and competitive heterosis of hybrids is established and the SCA constants in the studied F1 combinations are evaluated. The standards were the F1 Zubrenok hybrids of selection the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture and Ajax of the Dutch selection. As testers, JL-6 and L.96 were used. In the studies, selection methods were used-pair and return crosses – backcrosses), self-pollination (incucht), selection (individual, group and mass).Results.With positive effects, all three types of heterosis (true, hypothetical and competitive) were observed in the spring-summer and summer rotations of film greenhouses and open ground when grown in a spread and on a trellis for most economically valuable traits in hybrid combinations 43x57 (seven traits); 71/55x41/86; 65x52 (six); 65x41/86, 65x96, 95x68 (five). High SCA constants were observed in film greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground (in the spread and on the trellis) lines in combinations 71/55x41/86 (early, general and standard fruit yield; gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 and 7.1-9.0 cm (+1.0; +0.9; +10.6; +1.2), (+1.8; +4.9; +39.8; +2.6), (+2.0; +4.4; +36.8; +2.6), (+1.1; +1.5; +12.9; +2.3); 65x52 (gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 cm) (+12.2; +7.2; +12.5; +7.0); 43x57 (yield of gherkins of the fraction 5.1-7.0 cm) (+1.0; +2.0; +6.7; +2.0).

scholarly journals Огурец на юге России

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chistyakova ◽  
I.V. Barbaritskaya ◽  
O.V. Baklanova ◽  
A.N. Khovrin
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Production Testing ◽  
The South ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

Представлены данные производственного испытания новых партенокарпических гибридов огурца F1 Экспресс, F1 Реванш, F1 Новатор и F1 Пилигрим в условиях Ростовской области. Описаны климатические условия в течение всего периода испытания, определена территория выращивания, технологические характеристики сооружений в которых возделывают культуру огурца в южном регионе России. Выделены два партенокарпических гибрида огурца по хозяйственно ценным признакам, которые рекомендованы для выращивания на юге России.The data of production testing of new parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Express, F1 Revаnsh, F1 Novator and F1 Pilgrim in the Rostov region are presented. The climatic conditions are described during the entire test period, the cultivation area is determined, the technological characteristics of the structures in which the culture of cucumber is cultivated in the southern region of Russia. The two parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids for economically valuable traits and recommended for cultivation in the South of Russia.

Селекция огурца для открытого грунта

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Vysochin ◽  
V.I. Leunov ◽  
Yu.V. Bortsova
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Promising Source

В России значительную долю культуры огурца традиционно выращивают в открытом грунте, откуда продукцию используют для потребления как в свежем, так и консервированном виде. Расширение сортимента огурца открытого грунта актуально в силу существенно различающихся по природно-климатическим условиям регионов страны, а также вкусов потребителей, технологий производства и переработки. В последние десятилетия большое значение приобретают сорта и гибриды интенсивного типа плодоношения, универсального назначения, устойчивые к основным болезням, с высокой товарностью и качеством плодов, обеспечивающие конкурентоспособность на рынке. Для регионов Сибири и сходных с ними по природно-климатическим условиям регионов большое значение имеет использование скороспелых сортов и гибридов. Цель исследований – создание новых сортов и гибридов огурца для открытого грунта с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков и свойств, способных стабильно плодоносить в регионах с неустойчивыми природно-климатическими условиями – в стрессовых условиях: с резкими перепадами температуры и влажности воздуха и почвы. Задачи: изучить и выявить перспективный исходный материал для селекции новых сортов и гибридов различного направления (универсального назначения, консервных, для механизированного возделывания и уборки, пригодных к относительно длительному хранению и транспортировке плодов). На Западно-Сибирской овощной опытной станции с 1968 года по настоящее время с использованием выделившихся из коллекции образцов огурца созданы новые исходные формы и на их основе – ряд новых сортов и гибридов различного морфобиологического типа с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков. Выведенные в последние 20 лет скороспелые сорта и гибриды обладают высокой стабильной урожайностью 35,1–46,2 т/га, а среднеранние – урожайностью 30,8–32,7 т/га. Специально созданные сорта и гибриды при одноразовой уборке позволяют получать урожайность 17,4–22,9 т/га. Новые сорта и гибриды отличаются относительно высокой устойчивостью к основным болезням и хорошим качеством плодов. В Кировской области получены новые женские линии, на базе которых выведены перспективные гетерозисные гибриды F1 наиболее приспособленные для условий региона.In Russia a significant proportion of cucumber crop is traditionally cultivated in the open ground, where the products are used for consumption both in fresh and canned form. The expansion of the assortment of cucumbers open ground is important due to significantly different climatic conditions of the regions of the country and tastes of consumers, technology of production and processing. In recent decades, great importance attaches to the varieties and hybrids of intensive type of fruiting, multi-purpose, resistant to the main diseases, with high marketability and quality of fruits to ensure competitiveness on the market. For the regions of Siberia and similar natural and climatic conditions of the regions the great value has use of early-maturing varieties and hybrids. The purpose of the research is the creation of new varieties and hybrids of cucumber for open ground with a complex of economic valuable traits and properties that are able to consistently bear fruit in regions with unstable climatic conditions in a stressful environment: with the rapid changes in temperature and humidity of the air and soil. Objectives: to examine and identify promising source material for breeding new varieties and hybrids of different directions (multi-purpose, can, for mechanized cultivation and harvesting suitable for relatively long-term storage and transportation of fruit). On the West-Siberian vegetable experimental station from 1968 to the present, using the evolved from the collection of the samples of cucumber created new original forms and on the basis of a number of new varieties and hybrids of different morphological type with the complex of economically valuable traits. Bred in past 20 years, early maturing varieties and hybrids possess high stable yield of 35.1–46.2 t/ha and mid – yield of 30.8–32.7 t/ha. a specially created varieties and hybrids with disposable cleaning allow to 17,4 yield of 22.9 t/ha. New varieties and hybrids feature a relatively high resistance to main diseases and good quality fruit. In Kirov region received a new women's line, on the basis of which display promising heterotic hybrids F1 the most adapted for conditions of the region.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis of collection material of peas with genes of leafletless type (af) and non-shedding seeds (def)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin ◽  
M. V. Skulova ◽  
A. V. Chegunova
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Technological Effectiveness ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Data Processing

In the conditions of the south of the Rostov region, there was carried out a comprehensive estimation of 242 collection peas samples of various ecological and geographical origin selected in the world collection of the Vavilov’s ARIPG and other research breeding institutions, and there have been selected 31 samples with a leafletless type (af) and non-shedding seeds (def). The study was carried out in the collection nursery in the fields of the laboratory for legumes breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2017–2020. The meteorological conditions during the years of study were different during the vegetation period, which made it possible to objectively evaluate the collection samples according to the studied traits. In order to identify the similarities and differences between the samples, there was made cluster analysis. Mathematical data processing and cluster analysis were performed using the software Excel and Statistica 10. Euclidean distance was used as a measure of similarity. On the basis of clustering there was build a hierarchy. As a result, there were identified the varieties ‘Demos’ (Russia), ‘Korall’ (Ukraine), lL-27287l (Russia), ‘Stoik’ (Russia), ‘Stepnyak’ (Ukraine), ‘Priazovsky’ (Russia), ‘Kharvus-3’ (Ukraine), ‘Multik’ (Russia) as the sources of resistance to lodging. According to ‘number of beans per plant’ there were identified the varieties ‘Samarius’ (Russia), ‘OR-2154’ (Russia), ‘L-27287’ (Russia), ‘Aksaysky usaty’ (Russia), ‘Vatan’ (Russia). According to ‘number of seeds per plant’ there were identified the varieties ‘L.176/2000’ (Russia), ‘OR-2157’ (Russia), ‘Pamyati Khangildina’ (Russia), ‘Chernigovsky’ (Ukraine), ‘L-27287’ (Russia), ‘Aksaysky usaty’ (Russia), ‘Vatan’ (Russia). According to ‘seed size’ there was identified the variety ‘Multik’ (Russia). According to high productivity there were identified the varieties ‘L-27287’ (Russia), ‘Aksaysky usaty’ (Russia), ‘Vatan’ (Russia). The study of the collection peas material has identified the sources of economically valuable traits for their use in further breeding for seed productivity and technological effectiveness.

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