scholarly journals Low Cost Automatic Street Light Control System With and Without Relay

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3790-3794
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Light Control ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

modern society entirely depends on electricity for daily life. It has become the key component for modern technology, without electricity most of the equipments which we are using daily will not work at all. Internet is our gateway for knowledge and we also depend on it a lot to get the things which are surrounding us very easily. Under this situation we are not using proper electrical energy in case of street lights. Street lights are perfect solution for night base loads at most of the utility companies during 1930’s were seeking for night timed base loads especially coal based power plants. In India approximately 40 million street lights are there which will generates a total demand of 4000 MW. The cost required to satisfy this demand will also very high. In most of the places maintenance of street lights is very poor. Even though several technologies have used to automatic control of street light but they may turn into several failures because of high cost, improper maintenance, environmental effects on the components or some other major issues. In this paper a low cost maintenance free automatic street light control system is proposed which can be used with relay al well as without relay by using basic electronics components. A small experimental set up has done in laboratory and it can be concluded that the street light automatically turns on and off depends on the darkness of the environment. It can be implemented anywhere irrespective of environmental conditions without any maintenance

A Low-Cost, Flexible, Lightweight Video Recording System for Task Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Coles ◽  
Cedric Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Video Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

The authors report their experience from various task analysis projects in which users have been observed in situ. Solutions for simultaneous video recording, often needed to adequately observe and analyze a workspace, are discussed. Of the various analog- and digital-based solutions, the authors deem a low-cost solution using entry-level computer hardware to produce sufficiently high-fidelity feedback for most task analysis purposes. Such systems can be acquired and set up by novice computer users for a fraction of the cost of broadcast video systems. A case study demonstrates the application of one such inexpensive solution.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Energy Sources to Generate Electricity (Application of Fuzzy Logic)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Bahareh Hashemlou ◽  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Arashk Masaeli ◽  
Mohammadhadi Hajian ◽  
Shima Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Day By Day

Organizations, institutions, and different sectors of manufacturing, services and agriculture are constantly making decisions. Each of the aforementioned sectors, have strategies, tactics, and various functions that play a basic role in reaching the objectives. On the other hand, energy demand in developing countries is increasing day by day. The exact calculation of the cost per unit of electricity generated by power plants is not easy. Therefore, this study according to four sources of natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy and other fossil fuels other than natural gas that are used in a variety of electricity production plants is trying to clarify the ranking of generation electricity approach using "fuzzy preference relations" analysis. Accordingly, three models were used and the results showed that natural gas, with regard to the four criteria of low investment cost, low power, lack of pollution and the safety and reliability of electrical energy has priority over other alternatives. Full preferred model results also suggested that the energy of natural gas, renewable energies, nuclear and other fossil fuels should be considered in a priority for power generation. Sensitivity analysis results moreover demonstrated that the above models are not affected by the threshold values ​​and the full stability of the models is observed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Susut Energi (Losses) Pada Jaringan Distribusi (Studi Kasus: di PT. Krakatau Daya listrik)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Desmira Desmira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
A Company ◽  
Research Stage

PT. Krakatau Daya Listrik is a company that distributes electricity. In the distribution process of electricity distribution from generators to consumers, there is an inconsistency with the data on electrical energy supplied from power plants to the energy that is consumed. consumers are also the background of this research. The research objective is how much energy losses (losses) in the conductor that flows from the generator to the maximum and minimum consumer consumption during 2018. This research method is 1. Preparation stage by identifying problems with energy loss (Losess), 2. Pre-Research Stage This stage is looking for reference sources that will be used either from books, internet, thesis results or practical work related to the theme taken namely energy loss, 3. Data Selection Stage This stage is data collection in accordance with the targets and objectives of this study. The results of the study were the minimum losses recorded during 2018, which was (-2.041%), and the maximum value was (1.588%). The conclusion of this research is that the smaller the size of the carrier, it means that the lower the cost of distribution. And if the smaller the size that is on the conductor, it means that the voltage drop and the average total value of distribution losses per year will be even greater.

scholarly journals Application of soft sensors in the automated process control of different industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Savytskyi ◽  
Maksym Tymoshenko ◽  
Oleksandr Hramm ◽  
Serhii Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Virtual Data

Sustainable development of industry is closely related with tries to automate industrial processes in all possible ways. Recent advances in automated control systems have led to decreasing the cost of hardware and energy consumption. This article describes examples of soft sensors using in various industries. The main advantages of soft sensors are low cost, flexibility and versatility. In addition, the soft sensors are environmentally friendly as they significantly reduce the amount of equipment and do not require utilization. Despite these benefits, there are some problems with using them. First problem consists in what information and how needs to be measured to use received data in calculation of another virtual data. Second problem is using proper software and the time of mathematical calculations. The goal of the soft sensors is generation of valid virtual data for the controller to increase the accuracy and quality of the automated control. The article is of interest from the point of view of possibilities to applicate modern technology in solving various tasks of automated control.

scholarly journals A New Method for Peer-to-Peer Energy Exchange in Distribution Grids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Reihani ◽  
Pierluigi Siano ◽  
Michael Genova
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Market Clearing ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Distribution Grids

In this paper, distribution-level peer-to-peer energy exchange is proposed that allows increased matching between load and generation nodes. Contributions of the proposed improved matching system between the local load and generation nodes aim at making efficient use of unused power generation, reducing the cost of electrical energy for consumers, and assisting utility companies by reducing transmission line congestion. The proposed system for matching the load and generation nodes consists of a financial layer and technical layer. In the financial layer, nodes with an excess of energy provide a price to sell energy, while the nodes needing energy bid on a price to purchase energy. A market-clearing mechanism using pool clearing is applied to determine a final price for peer-to-peer exchange. The technical layer determines the connection of energy transfer between the generation and load nodes while considering the distance, power flow constraints, and specified time windows. The proposed approach is verified in a five-node system and the results are discussed.

Virtual Telemedicine and Virtual Telehealth

2012 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Shazia Kareem ◽  
Imran Sarwar Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Store And Forward ◽  
Set Up

Telemedicine is modern technology that is employed to provide low cost, high standard medical facilities to the people of remote areas. Store-and-Forward method of telemedicine suits more to the progressive countries like Pakistan as not only is it easy to set up but it also has a very cheap operating cost. However, the high response time taken by store & forward telemedicine becomes a critical factor in emergency cases, where each minute has a price. The response time factor can be overcome by using virtual telemedicine approach. In virtual telemedicine, a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is deployed at rural station. The CDSS is intelligent enough to diagnose a patient’s disease and prescribe proper medication. In case the CDSS cannot answer a query, the CDSS immediately sends an e-mail to a medical expert (doctor), and when the response is received, the CDSS knowledge-base is updated for future queries. In this chapter, the authors not only report a NL-based CDSS that can answer NL queries, but also present a complete architecture of a virtual telemedicine setup.

scholarly journals Tracking the Adoption of Electric Pressure Cookers among Mini-Grid Customers in Tanzania

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Ansila Kweka ◽  
Anna Clements ◽  
Megan Bomba ◽  
Nora Schürhoff ◽  
Joseph Bundala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Electric Pressure ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
Set Up

“Are electric cooking appliances viable clean cooking solutions for mini-grids?” To help answer this question, the Access to Energy Institute (A2EI) set up a pilot project in six different mini-grid locations around Lake Victoria in Tanzania and gave 100 households an electric pressure cooker (EPC) to use in their homes. Each EPC was connected to a smart meter to collect data on how the EPCs were used. The paper presents findings from a study designed around the A2EI pilot project that aims to provide an understanding of cooking practices, the adoption of electric cooking over time, and to assess the potential for electric cooking to substitute traditional cooking fuels. Through collaboration with the Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) program, Nexleaf Analytics, and PowerGen, the pilot has generated data on electrical energy consumption from 92 households in six remote areas as well as a comprehensive range of other datasets gathered from 28 households in two of the locations. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of this data. It starts with an analysis of cooking practices in these communities—dishes cooked, utensils used for cooking, and choice of fuels. It goes on to examine fuel stacking behavior, and finally, it examines how people have integrated EPCs into their cooking practices before the highlighting key impacts associated with using EPCs. The answer to the original research question will be useful for different stakeholders such as utility companies, mini-grid operators, electric cooking appliance manufacturers, the clean cooking sector, and international organizations.

scholarly journals Penerapan Internet of Things (IoT) Kontrol Lampu Menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266 dan Smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Yulisman Yulisman ◽  
Ikhwanul Ikhsan ◽  
Anita Febriani ◽  
Rika Melyanti
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Light Control ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
C Language ◽  
Remote Controller

Abstract The development of smartphones is so rapid, so that many smartphone functions can be used to help humans, one of the functions of smartphones is to control electronic devices with bluetooth or wireless transmission, with the aim that electronic devices can be integrated in the application of IoT (Internet of Things). Workspace for employees of the Regional Personnel Agency (BKD) of Riau Province in turning off and turning on the lights using a manual switch. The problem is when the employee finishes work and the office room is locked and the room lights forget to be turned off by the employee, and the office security has difficulty turning off the lights because the room is locked, if the lights are left on, there will be a waste of electrical energy and damage to the light bulb because it is on continuously. This study aims to build a system that can control the workspace lights at the IoT-based BKD office in Riau Province using the NodeMCU ESP8266 module as a sensor, a 5V Relay module and a Smartphone as a remote controller as well as a model for building a lamp control system using the Prototype method. The programming language used is C language and Arduino IDE which is Open Source. The results of this study are in the form of a lamp control system device with an IoT-based smartphone in the form of a prototype and based on these results it can be concluded that the lamp control system device with an IoT-based smartphone can work well, making it easier for officers to control the lights, and can reduce the risk of lamp damage and wasteful. the electrical energy caused by the lamp burning continuously. Keywords: Android, Internet of Things (IoT), Light Control, NodeMCU ESP8266, Smartphone   Abstrak Perkembangan telepon cerdas (Smartphone) begitu pesat, sehingga banyak fungsi smartphone yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk membantu manusia, salah satu fungsi smartphone untuk mengendalikan perangkat elektronik dengan transmisi bluetooth atau wireless, dengan tujuan agar perangkat elektronik dapat terintegrasi dalam penerapan IoT (Internet of Things). Ruangan kerja pada pegawai Badan Kepegawaian Daerah (BKD) Provinsi Riau dalam mematikan dan menyalakan lampu menggunakan saklar manual. Permasalahannya ketika pegawai selesai bekerja dan ruangan kantor sudah terkunci dan lampu ruangan lupa dimatikan oleh pegawai, dan keamanan kantor kesulitan untuk mematikan lampu karena ruangan terkunci, jika dibiarkan lampu terus menyala sehingga akan terjadinya pemborosan energi listrik dan kerusakan pada bola lampu karena menyala terus menerus. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sistem yang dapat mengendalikan lampu ruangan kerja dikantor BKD Provinsi Riau berbasis IoT menggunakan modul NodeMCU ESP8266 sebagai sensor, modul Relay 5V dan Smartphone sebagai remot kontrol serta untuk model membangun sistem kontrol lampu menggunakan metode Prototype. Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan Bahasa C dan Arduino IDE yang bersifat Open Source. Hasil penelitian ini berupa perangkat sistem pengontrol lampu dengan smartphone berbasis IoT dalam bentuk prototipe dan berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diperoleh kesimpulan perangkat sistem pengontrol lampu dengan smartphone berbasis IoT  dapat bekerja dengan baik, sehingga memudahkan petugas dalam mengotrol lampu, dan dapat mengurangi resiko kerusakan lampu dan boros energi listrik yang diakibatkan lampu menyala terus menerus. Kata Kunci : Android, Internet of Things (IoT), Kontrol Lampu, NodeMCU ESP8266, Smartphone

scholarly journals Automatic Control System for Hybrid Electrical Energy Supply Based on Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
M. Edwin Syah Effendy ◽  
RD Kusumanto ◽  
Carlos RS
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Electric Source ◽  
Different Sources

The utilization of renewable energy is slowly starting to become one thing that to be interesting inside the development of science technology. The utilization of renewable energy is from at least two renewable energy (Solar Power Plants and Wind Power Plants), State Electricity Enterprise (PLN), and Generator Sources. This device could be operated automatically and integrated on the internet, which has a monitoring system such as voltage, inside which will be used to control everything inside that system. This device is designed to be operated in a combinational manner. This means to be operated based on the voltage value which qualified to activate the load. The utilization of the 3.3V microcontroller is able to design an efficient and low-cost board. Besides that, the device also uses the PLN and Generator set sources as the power backup when the main power runs out. Base on the research noted, this device will distribute the electric source to the houses, which means beneficial for the local society. This device might be applied automatically to four different sources with C++ Programming language to set the point value.

scholarly journals OTIMIZAÇÃO DE CÉLULAS FOTOVOLTAICAS ORGÂNICAS

e-xacta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Silva ◽  
Allan Douglas Martins ◽  
Camila C. S. Braga ◽  
Carolina Cardoso Franco ◽  
Dyeice Amélia Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Nanocrystalline Titanium ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High ◽  
Energy Converting

<p align="justify">Com a previsível escassez dos recursos energéticos, as preocupações com as questões ambientais se tornam cada vez mais evidentes. Com isso, houve um incremento na busca de recursos alternativos para a produção de energia elétrica, principalmente aqueles baseados em fontes limpas e renováveis, como a energia solar. Para a conversão de energia solar em energia elétrica são utilizadas, na maioria das vezes, células solares fotovoltaicas, que se baseiam na propriedade semicondutora de silício. Como o custo dessa tecnologia ainda é muito alto, são propostos novos materiais para a substituição desse cristal, com destaque para a célula solar nanocristalina de dióxido de titânio (TiO2), acrescida de moléculas orgânicas de corantes. Essa célula apresenta vantagens em relação às células convencionais de silício, pois, na sua fabricação, são utilizados materiais disponíveis no mercado e corantes extraídos de plantas, modelo proposto por Gratzël, além de ser preparada através de processos simples e não poluentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é recriar as células solares nanocristalinas de dióxido de titânio, otimizando-a para a utilização de materiais com baixo custo, de modo que se obtenha a maior eficiência energética possível.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">With the expected shortage of energy resources, the concerns about environmental issues are becoming increasingly evident. Thus, there was an increase in search for alternative resources for energy production power, especially those based on clean sources and renewable energies such as solar energy. Converting solar energy into electrical energy, in most cases, solar cells photovoltaics, which based on property semiconductor silicon are used. As the cost of this technology is still very high, new materials are proposed for substitution this crystal, with emphasis on the cell nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) solar plus molecules organic dyes. This cell has advantages compared to conventional silicon cells, because in his manufacturing, available materials are used in the market and extracted dyes from plants, the model proposed its by Grätzel, besides being prepared through Simple and clean process. The goal of this essay is to recreate the nanocrystalline solar cells titanium dioxide, optimizing it to the use of materials with low cost, so as to obtain the energy efficient as possible.</p>

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