scholarly journals Consumer Perceived Risk and Technology Tools: the Reliability and Validity of Instrument

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1014
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Online Buying

In the current era of the transition of technology, there have been changes in the way purchases are made by physical stores, but nowadays consumers are increasingly using online purchases that can be made anywhere. However, limited attention was paid to study the behaviour of online purchases which mainly focuses on young consumers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Therefore, using a quantitative approach, the currentpreliminaryresearchwas aimed atevaluating the soundness and consistency of the instruments used tomeasure the risk perception factors of online buying behaviour in Kota Bharu. A total of 100 samples were analysed using SPSS statistical software version 24. Precedingthe result, content and face validity, reliability, and normality data were checked by an expert. The result of the pilot study indicated that the measuring tools are consistentto be usedin this research, since rational normality has been proven by the data. The resultfrom the currentresearch presentedcompletebacking for the propositionedgaugingtoolsto be applied in futuresupplementarystudies

scholarly journals Determinants of residents’ support for Tourism development- A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mubashir Ali Khan ◽  
Zaibunnisa Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal Construct Validity

The aim of this pilot study is to test the reliability and validity of the survey instrument designed to measure the residents’ support for tourism. Since the study uses an adapted questionnaire the need to assess the reliability and validity appears to be desirable. The questionnaire was distributed to altogether 70 residents of Huna Valley. Initially the content and face validity was authenticated by field experts and later on the internal construct validity was calculated through various measures. Hence inter-item correlation shows that all the variables are correlated to each other at significant level. Secondly, construct validity results show that all the constructs used by study are reliable and met the level of acceptability. Therefore, the results validated that modified instrument is valid and reliable in the context of the social lab selected i.e. residents of Huna Velly and a full large scale study can be carried out using this instrument.

scholarly journals The impact of perceived risk on on-line purchase behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Charlene Gerber ◽  
Shannon Ward ◽  
Leila Goedhals-Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Online Retailers ◽  
On Line ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Buying

To avoid risks, consumers tend to be failry thoughtful decision makers. Research has shown that consumers perceive risks associated with purchasing online and as a result online purchasing has not yet reached the numbers that were projected. In order for e-commerce to live up to its full potential, online retailers should gain an understanding of which perceived risks online purchasing consumers are most concerned with. This study aimed to assess the impact of perceived risk on online buying behaviour. Personal interview surveys were conducted in an emerging market whereby 200 respondents that have access to the internet were interviewed in selected malls with regards to their perceived risks when buying online. The results showed that perceived risk does have an impact on online buying behaviour, and that consumers that have not bought online in the past are likely not to do so in the future. The results show that characteristics of emerging markets are sufficiently distinct from developed markets in that consumers in developed markets seem to be more conservative when buying online. Marketers should therefore developed alternative marketing programs when communicating to these markets in an attempt to persuade consumers to buy online.

Factors influencing cloud computing adoption for e-government implementation in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathey Mohammed ◽  
Othman Ibrahim ◽  
Norafida Ithnin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cloud Computing Adoption ◽  
Proposed Model

Purpose This paper aims to develop a model and measurement to investigate the factors influencing cloud computing adoption as a part of developing countries’ alternatives to implement e-government services. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a theoretical model based on the literature of technology adoption models. It constructs scale measurements for the proposed model constructs by extracting and adapting the items from the literature. The authors verify the scales’ content validity and reliability by applying face validity, pre-testing and pilot study. For the pilot study, the authors collect the data from 26 information technology staff in five public organizations in Yemen. The authors test the reliability of the scales using Cronbach’s alpha criterion, and then conduct exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the validity of the scales. Findings The results show that the scale measurements meet the conventional criteria of reliability and validity. Originality/value Theoretically, this paper provides an integrated model for examining cloud computing adoption for e-government implementation in developing countries. In addition, it develops an instrument to empirically investigate the influencing factors of cloud computing adoption in the context of developing countries’ e-government initiatives.

scholarly journals Development and preliminary validation of the competency model for rural general practitioner in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Wei ◽  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Xuexue Zhao ◽  
Guanghui Jin ◽  
Yali Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Reliability

Abstract Background There is a shortage of rural general practitioners (GPs) in China. Training programs have been initiated to meet the needs of GP workforce in the rural areas; however, there is an absence of validated tool to assess their competencies. Objective This study aimed to develop a competency model for rural general practitioner (CMRGP) after training in China and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods A multistage process was adopted to develop the CMRGP comprised literature review, panel discussion and expert consultation, and the initial version of CMRGP was reduced from 10 domains and 77 items to 7 domains and 54 items. A pilot study was conducted among 202 rural GPs for the psychometric evaluation and application of the initial version of CMRGP, in which a questionnaire on the importance of items and self-evaluation was completed by the GPs. Results In the pilot study, 132 completed questionnaires (65.3%) were returned. Acceptability and face validity of the CMRGP were supported by high importance scores of the items, in which 52 out of 54 items achieved score higher than 4.00 (possible score from 0 to 5). Factor analysis supported the construct validity. After the modification, the final version of CMRGP contained 6 domains and 47 items. Good reliability was supported by internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α was 0.98) and split-half reliability (Spearman–Brown coefficient was 0.99). Conclusions The CMRGP demonstrated good reliability and validity. Pilot study showed its potential for application in the rural general practice and training program.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS IN ABUJA METROPOLIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Online Buying ◽  
On Time Delivery

The internet has undoubtedly become crucial to global growth as it vectors lots of opportunities. This study was motivated by the perception that Nigerian consumers prefer traditional over virtual shopping despite having internet access. This study sought to investigate the factors affecting the online buying behaviour of consumers in Abuja Metropolis. The study used purposive and convenience sampling technique to select 352 respondents. Primary data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed using multiple regression analysis with the aid of the SPSS statistical tool. The study found that while on-time delivery has a positive and significant effect on the online buying behaviour of consumers in Abuja Metropolis, product quality was found to have a positive and insignificant effect on the online buying behaviour of consumers in Abuja Metropolis while the perceived risk was found to have a negative and significant effect on the online buying behaviour of consumers in Abuja Metropolis. The study concludes that on-time delivery, product quality, and perceived risk are the major factors affecting the online buying behaviour of consumers in Abuja Metropolis. The study, therefore, recommends that there is a need for companies utilizing online platforms for business operations to align the advantages of online shopping with traditional means of purchase, speed up the delivery processes, and as much as maintaining a high degree of confidentiality regarding their customer’s information during the process of online payment. Keywords: online buying behaviour, product quality, on-time delivery, perceived risk.

scholarly journals Business Transformation on Retail Operations Due to COVID-19 and Its Impact on Indian Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Bidhan Datta ◽  
Banantika Datta
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Retail Operations ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
The World ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Buying

Year 2020 brought a huge challenge in business environment all over the world due to COVID-19. India is not an exception and faced similar challenges which impacted heavily on the economy. India has a huge retail market being the second largest populous country in the world with huge potential and young workforce. It is an important factor for the GDP growth of any country. The aim of this paper is to compare the past, present and predict the future economic scenario by considering various factors which majorly impacted the retail market due to COVID-19. A huge transformation observed in the retail business. Buyers’ choices shifted away from local retail purchases to online. Buying behaviour and consumer spending have shifted towards online purchases and also card transactions. This research also aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on Indian economy and way out of the downfall. Keywords: Buying Behaviour, Economic Growth, India, Pandemic, Retail Business.

A Study on Online Buying Behaviour of Consumers at Bhopal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Mishra ◽  
Dr. P. K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Young Generation ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Product Pricing ◽  
Online Retailers ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Online Buying

Internet and its growing usage by young generation in India have changed the way consumers shop and buy goods and services. The Indian retail market is witnessing a revolution i.e. young consumers are playing important role in online shopping and looking towards Internet as a unique platform for selling online. In India the visitors of e-tailing sites are accounted to be 40% of youth population, which comprises of youngsters between 15 to 34 years of age. These visitors are part of Indian Internet Population. Not only metros but tier II and III cities are also attracting online retailers. Brand awareness and gap in demand and supply are the main reasons for popularity of online retailers in small cities like Bhopal in India. The study focuses on factors that online buyers consider while shopping online. Some of the factors identified in this research are; scarcity of time with the buyer, availability of payment options like COD, variety of products availability, product pricing, discounts and offers etc. The data is collected using a questionnaire on the sample of 100 people in the age bracket of 15 to 60 years and percentage analysis is done for analyzing the collected data.

RECYCLED WATER RISK PERCEPTION - A COMPARISON OF TWO CASE STUDIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hurlimann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
Water Uses

This paper reports results from a study comparing perceived risk associated with various recycled water uses in two Australian locations, both in the state of Victoria: the capital city Melbourne, and Bendigo a regional urban centre. Both locations are experiencing ‘drought’, but Bendigo is experiencing this in a more acute manner. A case study is used in each location. Both case studies involve future use of recycled water in new commercial buildings. An on-line survey was used to measure attitudes to recycled water of the future occupants of both buildings. The study found perceived risk associated with 11 uses of recycled water increased as the use became increasingly personal. Interestingly, no difference in perceived risk associated with 11 uses of recycled water was found between locations. Prior experience (use) of recycled water was found to be a significant and positive factor in reducing risk perception. Various attitudinal variables were found to be significant influences on perceived risk. Results indicate that reducing perceived risk of recycled water use may increase satisfaction with its use.

scholarly journals The Multifocal Approach to Sharing in Shared Decision Making: A Critical Appraisal of the MAPPIN’SDM

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110107
Author(s):  
David Forner ◽  
Christopher W. Noel ◽  
Laura Boland ◽  
Arwen H. Pieterse ◽  
Cornelia M. Borkhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Property Assessment

Objective Shared decision making integrates health care provider expertise with patient values and preferences. The MAPPIN’SDM is a recently developed measurement instrument that incorporates physician, patient, and observer perspectives during medical consultations. This review sought to critically appraise the development, sensibility, reliability, and validity of the MAPPIN’SDM and to determine in which settings it has been used. Methods This critical appraisal was performed through a targeted review of the literature. Articles outlining the development or measurement property assessment of the MAPPIN’SDM or that used the instrument for predictor or outcome purposes were identified. Results Thirteen studies were included. The MAPPIN’SDM was developed by both adapting and building on previous shared decision making measurement instruments, as well as through creation of novel items. Content validity, face validity, and item quality of the MAPPIN’SDM are adequate. Internal consistency ranged from 0.91 to 0.94 and agreement statistics from 0.41 to 0.92. The MAPPIN’SDM has been evaluated in several populations and settings, ranging from chronic disease to acute oncological settings. Limitations include high reading levels required for self-administered patient questionnaires and the small number of studies that have employed the instrument to date. Conclusion The MAPPIN’SDM generally shows adequate development, sensibility, reliability, and validity in preliminary testing and holds promise for shared decision making research integrating multiple perspectives. Further research is needed to develop its use in other patient populations and to assess patient understanding of complex item wording.

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