scholarly journals Safe Route Discovery for Vehicles using VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3802-3805
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Alert Message ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Message Broadcasting ◽  
Road Side Units

People travelling by vehicles to reach their desired destination find difficult to choose the safe route. A road may be damaged due to natural calamities and not be safe for vehicles. Those who are travelling long distances will not have enough knowledge regarding the safety of the road. An IoT device monitors road conditions and generate an alert message. The message is generated when water level reaches threshold level. Data analysis algorithm is employed to detect the safe route using previous conditions. The message is transmitted to a Road Side Unit (RSU) which then broadcasts it to a vehicle. The vehicle then sends the message to next nearest vehicle. This broadcasting happens until all vehicles within a range receives the message. Other Road Side Units helps in improving the signal strength of the message. RSU’s can also send message to vehicle if there is failure in Vehicle-Vehicle Communication. Protocol used for message broadcasting is Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV). It is slightly modified to improve efficiency and accuracy. Based on the alert message received vehicular nodes can take different path that is safe to reach the destination.

An Enhanced Vehicular Information Dissemination Based on Back-Off Time Mechanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 973-977
Author(s):  
Jenq Muh Hsu ◽  
Wen Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
Off Time

Information dissemination in inter-vehicle communication is a main way to propagate and obtain the communicating messages among vehicles and infrastructures of road networks in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). However, a well-designed protocol for information dissemination would probably provide the higher performance of information dissemination in VANET. In this paper, we propose the improved information dissemination schemes for multi-hop broadcasting in VANET. Our proposed scheme will select a better message forwarder to forward the messages to its neighboring vehicles according to the back-off time for reducing the waiting time in the directional broadcasting. It will also adopt the road-side unit to keep the disseminated message at the intersection of the roads for waiting to disseminate the messages when the vehicle is crossing the intersection which may probably act as a message forwarder to forward the disseminated messages to the intersectional direction. In our simulation, the result indicates that our proposed scheme can efficiently disseminate the messages under the consideration of back-off time in VANET.

scholarly journals A Bio-Inspired Reward-Based Message Forwarding For Vehicular Social Network

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Aklilu Mandefro Messele
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Selfish Nodes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
Functional Software

The Ants capability of working together and their way of message transmission makes us inspired especially their cooperation for their common goal and dropping down pheromones which used as a trail for themselves and for others. We would use Ants broadcasting method for drivers‟ cooperation and message forwarding. Therefore if there were any driver who couldn‟t broadcast any emergency message related to car accident like Ants done to locate the food source, could be considered as a selfish node and couldn‟t be rewarded as cooperatives do. The previous vehicle to vehicle communication or message forwarding schemes that was tried to motivate cooperative drivers used incentive methods in which it is not motivating all participant nodes and some of them used punishment methods. These types of methods are not effective to stimulate selfish drivers. We conducted the research using embedded traffic simulation in which it includes mobility and network simulation capabilities merged together and served as multi-functional software. From the tools falling into the embedded category is National Chiao Tung University network simulator (NCTUns) which provides a full range of network stack simulation tools. Watchdog was our selfishness detection method, in which the RSU controls whether nodes are cooperative or not because the (Road Side Unit) RSU knows where the nodes were located and in which path they are drive and what messages they broadcasted. The rewarding model we used is paying per packet. The payment principle is for each successfully transmitted unit-sized packet, each of N intermediate nodes should receive λ credits, whereas the service provider (SP) would pay λ ∗ N in total. The proposed solution was evaluated by the three performance metrics which are dropped packets, selfishness detection method and delivery ratio. Based on our experiments result the number of accident increased as the number of total nodes increased in the same simulation area. As the number of nodes participated on the area increases the probability of having an accident increases and the probability of stimulating selfish nodes increased using the same incentive method and amount because there is a probability of accident commit increases and the rewarding and acknowledgement messages also increases in which it can stimulate the selfish nodes.

scholarly journals RCVC: RSU-Aided Cluster-Based Vehicular Clouds Architecture for Urban Areas

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ben bezziane ◽  
Ahmed Korichi ◽  
Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache ◽  
Mohamed el Amine Fekair
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
On The Road

As a promising topic of research, Vehicular Cloud (VC) incorporates cloud computing and ad-hoc vehicular network (VANET). In VC, supplier vehicles provide their services to consumer vehicles in real-time. These services have a significant impact on the applications of internet access, storage and data. Due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles, users in consumer vehicles need a mechanism to discover services in their vicinity. Besides this, quality of service varies from one supplier vehicle to another; thus, consumer vehicles attempt to pick out the most appropriate services. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol named RSU-aided Cluster-based Vehicular Clouds protocol (RCVC), which constructs the VC using the Road Side Unit (RSU) directory and Cluster Head (CH) directory to make the resources of supplier vehicles more visible. While clusters of vehicles that move on the same road form a mobile cloud, the remaining vehicles form a different cloud on the road side unit. Furthermore, the consumption operation is achieved via the service selection method, which is managed by the CHs and RSUs based on a mathematical model to select the best services. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of our protocol in terms of service discovery and end-to-end delay, where we achieved service discovery and end-to-end delay of 3 × 10−3 s and 13 × 10−2 s, respectively. Moreover, we carried out an experimental comparison, revealing that the proposed method outperformed several states of the art protocols.

scholarly journals Degradation Prediction Model for Friction of Road Pavements with Natural Aggregates and Steel Slags

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Crisman ◽  
Giulio Ossich ◽  
Paolo Bevilacqua ◽  
Roberto Roberti
Keyword(s):  
Residual Life ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Steel production wastes (steel slags) are used more often in asphalt concrete pavements as a valuable replacement for natural aggregates, which are becoming increasingly rare. In this paper authors investigate the polishing characteristics of aggregates, and in particular of steel slags, used in bituminous road surfacing, are a major factor in determining the resistance to skidding. The main purpose of the study is the identification of a suitable degradation model, based on friction indicators, in the laboratory, as well as the comparison of in-situ pavement skid resistance with the cumulative number of passing vehicles over the years. The model predicts the expected resistance to skidding of the road surface based on the knowledge of the polished stone value (PSV) of the aggregates and the expected traffic on the road. In this study, several types of aggregates were compared: steel slag, limestone, limestone and slag mixture, diabase, Criggion stone and basalt. Using a standard PSV test, it was found that the aggregates did not reach the lower value of skid resistance (equilibrium value). The analysis of the British Portable Number (BPN) data versus polishing time allowed to empirically derive a regression model for each investigated aggregate. Hence, it appears possible to define both an investigatory level and threshold level to predict the actual residual life of the pavement from the examination of skid resistance.

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