scholarly journals HE PROCESS OF INTERNAL MIGRATION OF THE ADJARIAN HIGHLANDS TO THE MODERN STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Natela Tsiklashvili ◽  
Ketevan Chanidze ◽  
Zeinab Surmanidze
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
First Case ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Internal migration is an important demographic process that negatively affects a country›s demographic balance. It can be both voluntary and forced. In the first case, the migration of people from the village to the city is due to socio- economic reasons. In the second case, people are forced to leave their homes and move during natural disasters and conflicts (eco-migrants and displaced persons). The problem can be considered in a regional context and highlight a number of trends that are relevant for the Autonomous Republic of Adjara. The reduction of the population of regions is importance for ensuring demographic security, both for using the potential of economic development and for the population in the regions adjacent to the state border. Since the internal migration flows are large, this can lead to an increase in labor flows from the regions. In addition, in the case of vulnerable groups, such as displaced persons and eco-migrants who live in different municipalities, additional problems arise in terms of integration resettlement. According to experts, the control of internal migration processes was practically destroyed in the post- Soviet period. The movement of the population within the country is no longer controlled; accordingly, the issue is less studied in the scientific direction. Management of internal population flows caused by armed conflict, socio-economic and environmental problems requires more attention from the state. It is especially important to develop and implement policies that encourage the use of accumulated human and financial resources for sustainable development, which will allow local residents to stay in their places of residence. This will affect not only urbanization / emigration trends, but also general macroeconomic indicators, income levels and living standards.

scholarly journals Without Leaders, Mottos or Billboards: Fight for the City and Routine Resistance in the Private Sector of Cities in East Russia (Case of Khabarovsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
L.E. Bliakher ◽  
A.V. Kovalevsky
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The article examines the forms of routine resistance of the community that was established within the space of the Soviet private sector in the cities located in the eastern part of Russia. Despite active regular construction, these spaces still make up a significant part of cities. However, in contrast to the Soviet period, when living there was perceived as forced and temporary, today this form of residence is a conscious choice. The former private sector witnesses the emergence of the community, whose existence is based on values, social and communicative practices, and forms of economic activity that are noticeably different from the official ones. This community “produces space” that is appropriate to its lifestyle. For the official authorities (at the state and city levels), this space turns out to be “empty”, representing “promising areas of development”. Its population remains invisible to these authorities. This creates a latent conflict that gives rise to the forms of re sistance described in the article. With all the variety of such forms, there is one main thing that unites them — people’s desire to distance from the state and the city it regulates. The authors find out that another group of city dwellers with a much higher socio-economic status — residents of urban mansion districts — share the same aspiration. According to the authors, this desire can be explained by the fact that a resident of a Russian city has few opportunities to find soli da rity community within the existing urban structures and therefore builds his/her life “outside the city wall”, creating analogs of the pre-modern Euro pean municipalities. The remaining “urban” part of the city is increasingly turning into a feudal lord’s castle that from time to time sends troops to punish the “rebels”. As long as a feudal lord has an understanding that he really needs townspeople, and they have the opportunity to “escape” from the raid, the situation seems stable. When the raids become too frequent, and it is impossible to escape from them, the population will attack. At the moment, judging by the attitude of the group studied in the article to the rallies in defense of S.Furgal, ex-governor of Khabarovsk region, the authorities still have room for maneuver. However, for how long this situation will last remains to be seen.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FORCED MIGRATION ON THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Valeriia G. Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The State ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Significant geopolitical transformations, the annexation of the Crimea, and the conflict in the Donbass affect the functioning of the Ukrainian economy. These processes provoked a profound and only political but also socio-economic crisis, intensification of labor migration, massive forced displacement of the population: the emergence of the category of forced migrants – internally displaced persons (IDP). IDPs are citizens of a country that does not cross borders and migrate within their own country for compelled reasons (similar to the case with refugees). In Ukraine, they are called forced migrants.The hypothesis of scientific research is to find out how the emergence of regional migration asymmetry, in particular the emergence of a significant number of IDP, affects the asymmetry of migration processes in Ukraine, the economy and welfare of the population, and the level of socio-economic development of the country.The aim is to diagnose the existing processes of domestic forced migration processes in Ukraine, including the asymmetry of migratory flows, the impact of the movement of internally displaced persons on the level of development of regional economies.The research methodology is fundamental and applied research in the field of forced internal migration, the demographic situation and the state of the labor market, UN materials, the ILO, UNESCO, the bodies of the state statistics service, materials from other official sources and Internet resources. During the study, methods of systematization, theoretical generalization, scientific classification, comparative analysis, statistical methods were used.Results: the main factors determining the conditions and nature of forced internal migration in Ukraine in 2014–2017 were determined. The main directions of forced internal migration since the beginning of hostilities in the Donbass were determined. The emergence of regional asymmetry of migration processes at the level of aggregate migratory flows is investigated.Conclusions: it is proved that all regions of Ukraine have a significant right-side asymmetry of balance in the direction of arrivals in the region, which manifests itself in the concentration of refugees in the presence of a relatively small number of most mass flows. HPE is perceived in their places of residence as an additional resource for the development of a regional economy: the emergence of new opportunities for increasing social activity by refugees; the opening of new businesses; a strong motivation to succeed; intensification of production and provision of services; filling jobs that were not in demand by the local population.

The Birth of Soviet Biopolitics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The City ◽  
Soviet Planning

This chapter outlines the developments against which one can understand the emergence of Soviet city-building—painting a picture of successive formations of government from Petrine absolutism to Soviet total planning. In the Soviet period, the city emerges precisely as that space in which large-scale readjustments of the population's distribution and way of life can be governmentally managed. The chapter then traces the articulation and subsequent redeployment of two critical instruments of government—budgets and infrastructures. Initially developed in the state-building and modernizing projects of the Russian absolutist state, these instruments were turned—first in the late tsarist period, then in the Soviet period—to various subsequent tasks of development and social welfare, and embedded in the mechanisms of Soviet planning. Their present significance lies, in part, in the fact that they were identified as critical targets of neoliberal reform after Soviet breakup, and will thus be crucial for assessing the postsocialist fate of Soviet social modernity.

Modern Villagers

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-80
Author(s):  
Marcel Thomas
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Inherent Characteristic ◽  
German States ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Village ◽  
Divided Germany

The first chapter provides an introduction to the postwar remodelling of Neukirch and Ebersbach and examines how this process was informed by shifting notions of what it meant to be rural in postwar society. Rather than understanding ‘rurality’ as an inherent characteristic of localities at the periphery of society, the chapter shows that the remaking of the village in East and West was shaped by a similar chronology of a departure from, and subsequent return to, the rural. In the first two decades after the war, the state as well as local residents in both Germanies primarily envisioned the rural as backwards and in need of modernization. The modernization attempts of planning elites and the belief of villagers in a modern future culminated in the ‘planning euphoria’ of the 1970s. From the end of the decade onwards, however, experiences of crisis and a fading belief in progress led to a rediscovery of the rural in which traditional characteristics of rurality became reconciled with modernity. The chapter thus demonstrates that what it meant to be ‘rural’ became a key question in debates over the direction and outcomes of social and political renewal in both German states. It adds to our understanding of how the establishment of two very different societies in the divided Germany was debated and contested through peculiarly local meanings.

Privilege was given to Kamiаnets City by Princes Yuri (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374: Lists and Interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Dmytro Vashchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
First Case ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.

scholarly journals First outbreak and subsequent cases of Trypanosoma vivax in the state of Goiás, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos ◽  
Adriana Marques Faria ◽  
Darling Mélany de Carvalho Madrid ◽  
Luciana Cardoso de Bessa ◽  
Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Iatrogenic Transmission ◽  
The City

Abstract Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax has increased the reports in Brazil in the last decade. An outbreak is herein first reported in the state of Goiás, from May 2016 to January 2017. The outbreak start occurred in the city of Ipameri (Goiás) after the introduction of 18 auctioned cows from the state of Minas Gerais. Direct parasitological test (blood smears) and polymerase chain reactions targeting the catL genes diagnosed T. vivax infection. Fifty six cows from a herd of 161 were infected; 12 died during the outbreak and 44 animals persistently positive (by blood smears) even after chemical treatment were discarded. After this first case, five other cases were detected in state of Goiás. The spread of this disease can be linked to the commercialization of animals carrying T. vivax, allied to the iatrogenic transmission practice, using a single needle and syringe for all cows, during oxytocin administration before each milking.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTANDESTABLISHMENTTHEARCHITECTURE OF THE HELLENIC THEATER FROM FOIKDANCE TO THEATER BUILDINGS, VII-II beforec.b.

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
A. B. Vasilenko ◽  
◽  
N. V. Polshchikova ◽  
O. I. Marceniuk ◽  
А. V. Namchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Mass Entertainment ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The tradition of the holidayswhich dedicatedtotheendof the grape harvest, was born in Hellada in ancient times, in the countryside and gradually moved to the cities. This process began in the VIII century BC. Holidays were dedicated to God Dionysus, he was responsible about the natural forces of the earth and vegetation, the mastery of viticulture and winemaking. The holiday started to name Dionysuy. One of the most important action –dance around a circle. Then it becamenational, it conducted in cities, where was taken the new forms. Actors or other free citizens of the city performed on the level of the round plan as a symbol (similar to the village dance in a circle) citywide holiday, the audience were also residents of the city, seats for which came down to the playground of actors in the form of a semicircular funnel. Initially, such places were arranged on artificial sub-constructions of wood. Such structures were prefabricated and were used many times. There have been cases of their collapse. Only after being in Athens to the second part of VI century BC such structures collapsed during the performance, it was decided more of this type of sub-exercise not to be used. From the end of the VI century BC, places for spectators were cut downin the natural hills. And the theaters themselves turned into stationary facilities, which contributed to many spectacular innovations and conveniences of actors -all this increased the visual efficiency of performances. From a simple place of national celebration gradually theaters turned into city-wide centers of state-political information (where the words of the actors conveyed to the audience the general provisions of state policy). For example, in the time of Pericles (444-429 BC), the poor free citizens of Athens were given theatrical money from the state treasury, which they had the right to spend solely on watching theatrical productions. Taking into account the fact that the theaters gathered several thousand spectators at the same time, the performances contributed to the dissemination of state information at a time for a large number of residents of the city. The Theatre of Deonis in Athens under the acropolis of the Acropolis accommodated 17,000 spectators from the total number of citizens in the heyday of 100,000. In addition, it was noticed that certain performances contribute to the optimistic mood of the ISSN 2519–4208. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРИИ И ИСТОРИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ УКРАИНЫ.2020. No 20142audience, and this has a beneficial effect on their health. Therefore, it is no coincidence that theatrical productions (late classics of Hellas) were provided among the medical and recreational procedures in the “Asclepius” treatment and health procedures at VI C. in B.C.). The “Asclepius” architectural ensemble has a theatre as part of a medical and recreational center.Theatrical actions carried to the masses the state lines of ideology and politics, increased the general culture of the population while influencing the audience as wellness procedures. Theatrical performances were more effective than temple services. This is the need for the construction of theaters throughout Hellenism, where there was no city within Hellenistic borders, where there would be no theater. By the end of the III century BC, when the entire East Mediterranean world was subordinated to the Roman Republic, the type of theatrical construction of Hellas was completely formed. This was accepted by the Romans for their theatrical productions, gradually adapting it to the features of their mass-entertainment culture.

ASPECTOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. ASPECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS: A LITERATURE REVIEW.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Wanessa Abreu de Resende ◽  
Julia Lima Baia ◽  
Maria Angela De Mattos Saboia Peixoto Franco ◽  
Murilo Labre Tavares ◽  
Ronaldo Luís Oliveira Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Central China ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
First Case ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Management

RESUMO Introdução: O novo coronavírus surgiu na cidade de Wuhan, na China central, através da comercialização de animais selvagens. Ele pode ser disseminado entre os indivíduos não só pelas vias respiratórias, mas também por exposição direta ou indireta com as mucosas ocular, bucal e nasal. No estado do Tocantins, em virtude da baixa adesão ao isolamento social e insuficiência de leitos hospitalares, associados à posição geográfica que promove interações entre regiões, lugares, cidades e pessoas, facilitando a propagação da Covid-19, ocorreu em Palmas a primeira notificação, em 18 de março de 2020. Já no interior do estado, a primeira ocorreu em 27 de março de 2020 em Araguaína, que exerce a segunda principal centralidade urbana no estado. Objetivos: Avaliar a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos no controle, manejo e resolução dos casos de Covid-19 do Estado do Tocantins. Metodologia: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados eletrônicos do Google Scholar, utilizando-se os descritores “Covid-19”, “epidemiologia”, “pandemia” e “Tocantins”. Resultados:  Notou-se que os casos se concentram principalmente em polos regionais, onde rodovias e o movimento de pessoas contribuem de forma significativa para haver disseminação do coronavírus, sobretudo no Médio Norte do Araguaia, sendo Araguaína a cidade com a maior porcentagem de óbitos, a maioria do sexo masculino. Importante lembrar que os diferentes níveis socioeconômicos entre as populações do Tocantins exemplificados pela dificuldade de acesso à informação têm contribuído para o aumento do número de casos. Além disso, destaca-se a questão da subnotificação de casos assintomáticos e a insuficiência da distribuição de testes para todos. Conclusão: A circulação interestadual e internacional implicou na entrada e na disseminação da pandemia de Covid-19 no Tocantins, seguindo curvas ascendentes sobretudo em municípios sem nenhuma condição para o atendimento médico-hospitalar de casos graves, implicando, portanto, em maior demora para a flexibilização das atividades econômicas. Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Epidemiologia; Pandemia; Tocantins.   ABSTRACT Introduction: The new coronavirus first appeared in the city of Wuhan, in Central China, through the commercialization of wild animals. It can be disseminated not only through the airways, but also through direct or indirect exposure to the ocular, oral and nasal mucosa. In the state of Tocantins, due to low acceptence to social isolation and insufficient number of hospital beds, associated with the geographical position which promotes interactions between regions, places, cities and people, facilitating the spread of Covid-19, the first notification occurred in the capital Palmas, on March 18, 2020. In the other parts of the state, the first case was on March 27, 2020 in Araguaína, which represents the second main urban centrality in the state. Objectives: to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic and demographic aspects in the control, management and resolution of Covid-19 cases in the State of Tocantins. Methodology: A bibliographic survey was carried out on Google Scholar electronic database, using the descriptors "Covid-19", "epidemiology", "pandemic" and "Tocantins". Results: It was noted that the cases are mainly concentrated in regional centers, where highways and the mass movement of people contribute to spread the coronavirus, especially in the Middle North of Araguaia, with Araguaína being the city with the highest percentage of deaths, most male. It is important to remember that the different socioeconomic levels among the populations of Tocantins, exemplified by the difficulty in accessing information, have contributed to increase the number of cases. Moreover, the underreporting of asymptomatic cases and the insufficient distribution of tests to everyone are highlighted. Conclusion: The interstate and international circulation resulted in the entrance and dissemination of the Covid-19 pandemic in Tocantins, following upward curves, especially in municipalities without any condition for medical and hospital care of serious cases, thus implying a delay in flexibilization of the economic activities. Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; Pandemic; Tocantins.

scholarly journals THE FATE OF THE INKERMAN MONASTERY IN THE 1920S IN THE ARCHIVAL SOURCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (05) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
I.V. Nikitina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Final Closure ◽  
Cultural Structures

The article considers the reflection in the documents of the State Institution “Archive of the city of Sevastopol" of the history of the Inkerman Monastery (now St. Klimentovsky Monastery) in the 1920s. It is established that this period in its history was one of the most difficult. By the end of the 1920s. The Inkerman Monastery was liquidated in connection with the course of the atheist state. The process of its liquidation can be described as “creeping liquidation". The brethren of the monastery went from a partial permission to continue their ministry to the final closure of the churches. Most of the buildings of the monastery after its abolition were adapted for the needs of the community of the village of Inkerman. The analysis of the documents showed that they are fragmentary, at the same time; they make it possible to understand the processes that took place with the cultural structures of the Sevastopol region in the 1920s. They contain information about churches.

scholarly journals The State of Crime in Bratsk in 1955–1991 According to the Prosecutors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lyakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The City

This article presents and analyzes data on the dynamics of crime, presents the General directions of criminal activity in the city of Bratsk in 1955–1991. Also, the causes of the growth of crimes are considered. The study of regional indicators of crime dynamics in the Irkutsk region at the present stage is a significant step in the formation of ideas about the spread of social anomalies in the Soviet period. The archival materials of the Prosecutor’s office not previously used in publications have been introduced into scientific circulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document