scholarly journals The State of Crime in Bratsk in 1955–1991 According to the Prosecutors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lyakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The City

This article presents and analyzes data on the dynamics of crime, presents the General directions of criminal activity in the city of Bratsk in 1955–1991. Also, the causes of the growth of crimes are considered. The study of regional indicators of crime dynamics in the Irkutsk region at the present stage is a significant step in the formation of ideas about the spread of social anomalies in the Soviet period. The archival materials of the Prosecutor’s office not previously used in publications have been introduced into scientific circulation.

scholarly journals Without Leaders, Mottos or Billboards: Fight for the City and Routine Resistance in the Private Sector of Cities in East Russia (Case of Khabarovsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
L.E. Bliakher ◽  
A.V. Kovalevsky
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The article examines the forms of routine resistance of the community that was established within the space of the Soviet private sector in the cities located in the eastern part of Russia. Despite active regular construction, these spaces still make up a significant part of cities. However, in contrast to the Soviet period, when living there was perceived as forced and temporary, today this form of residence is a conscious choice. The former private sector witnesses the emergence of the community, whose existence is based on values, social and communicative practices, and forms of economic activity that are noticeably different from the official ones. This community “produces space” that is appropriate to its lifestyle. For the official authorities (at the state and city levels), this space turns out to be “empty”, representing “promising areas of development”. Its population remains invisible to these authorities. This creates a latent conflict that gives rise to the forms of re sistance described in the article. With all the variety of such forms, there is one main thing that unites them — people’s desire to distance from the state and the city it regulates. The authors find out that another group of city dwellers with a much higher socio-economic status — residents of urban mansion districts — share the same aspiration. According to the authors, this desire can be explained by the fact that a resident of a Russian city has few opportunities to find soli da rity community within the existing urban structures and therefore builds his/her life “outside the city wall”, creating analogs of the pre-modern Euro pean municipalities. The remaining “urban” part of the city is increasingly turning into a feudal lord’s castle that from time to time sends troops to punish the “rebels”. As long as a feudal lord has an understanding that he really needs townspeople, and they have the opportunity to “escape” from the raid, the situation seems stable. When the raids become too frequent, and it is impossible to escape from them, the population will attack. At the moment, judging by the attitude of the group studied in the article to the rallies in defense of S.Furgal, ex-governor of Khabarovsk region, the authorities still have room for maneuver. However, for how long this situation will last remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Institute of Oriental Languages (Lazarevsky Institute) in the works of the Soviet historian and orientalist A.P. Baziyants

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rudolfovich Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
First Person ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
State Archives

The author of the paper examines the contribution of the Soviet historian-orientalist Ashot Patvakanovich Baziyants to the study of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. In the Soviet period, historians repeatedly touched upon this topic. However, they carried out the studies of the educational institution exclusively from certain aspects: financial and economic, pedagogical, educational, etc. The first person in historiography, who studied the subject in a comprehensive manner, was A.P. Baziyants. The result of his work was the writing of a number of works based on the study of a significant layer of archival materials from the state archives of the USSR. In his works he was one of the first to analyze the problems of Russian-Armenian relations on the example of an educational institution in the context of rapprochement of Russian and Armenian cultures, familiarizing Armenian youth with the advanced European culture and adaptation to Russian society. The historian touched on this topic in all his key works. Subsequently, all subsequent studies of the activities of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages were based on the results of scientific works by A.P. Baziyants. In addition, the experience of the educational institution in the processes of adaptation of migrants to Russian society, disclosed in his works, at the present stage acquires a particular urgency.

scholarly journals Fonds of Regional Planning Agencies as a Most Valuable Source on the Dynamics and Standards of Living of the Urban Population of Eastern Siberia: 1954–84

2021 ◽  
pp. 1088-1105
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Gonina ◽  
◽  
Ruslan V. Pavlyukevich ◽  
Lyudmila N. Slavina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Administrative Unit

The article reviews archival fonds containing collections of the planning committees in three biggest Siberian cities: Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Novosibirsk. The Gosplan of the USSR acted as one of the pillars of the Soviet economic system, and hence of the Soviet society. This organization, by virtue of its official duties, was to possess the most complete information on the state of national economy, as well as on characteristics, needs, and requirements of the population living in towns and villages of the vast country. Despite the importance of this organization, which had its cells in every administrative unit of the country, its activities have been poorly studied by historians and urbanists. This is especially true of the territory of Eastern Siberia. This situation is due to the fact that its fonds have been classified until recently when most archives have lifted these restrictions. However, the huge volume of the fonds (fonds 1478 and 1300 of the State Archive of the Krasoyarsk Krai are among the largest in the region) and their poor organization complicate working with these collections. Nevertheless, they allow a comprehensive disclosure of the issues of the Soviet city. Turning to urban studies, a historian may feel lost in front of the huge volume of dynamically changing facts, phenomena, processes. Despite rigid unified structure of the Gosplan, the quality of its collections in the local archives depended largely on local managers and employees. Among three largest cities of Siberia (Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk), only Novosibirsk possesses a great number of documents, well sorted and organized, supplied with reference material. The Krasnoyarsk fond is rich in information, especially analytical. However, its organization is chaotic, collections remaining as they was transferred to the archive. Irkutsk has the poorest collection and, being scattered over several archives, it is poorly accessible to researchers. Moreover, the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region has no modern digitized guide to its Soviet period fonds. In general, given the informational value of the planning agencies fonds in the cities of Eastern Siberia, two things should be noted. First, it is necessary to make them more accessible to researchers through transfer and digitization. Second, it is necessary to write a history of regional planning commissions and biographies of their leaders. Working with materials of these fonds should be the first step for any researcher concerned with socio-economic development of Eastern Siberia.

The Birth of Soviet Biopolitics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The City ◽  
Soviet Planning

This chapter outlines the developments against which one can understand the emergence of Soviet city-building—painting a picture of successive formations of government from Petrine absolutism to Soviet total planning. In the Soviet period, the city emerges precisely as that space in which large-scale readjustments of the population's distribution and way of life can be governmentally managed. The chapter then traces the articulation and subsequent redeployment of two critical instruments of government—budgets and infrastructures. Initially developed in the state-building and modernizing projects of the Russian absolutist state, these instruments were turned—first in the late tsarist period, then in the Soviet period—to various subsequent tasks of development and social welfare, and embedded in the mechanisms of Soviet planning. Their present significance lies, in part, in the fact that they were identified as critical targets of neoliberal reform after Soviet breakup, and will thus be crucial for assessing the postsocialist fate of Soviet social modernity.

scholarly journals POS Materials as an Instrument for Forming Visions of Kharkiv in the Second Half of the 20th – the Early 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
National University ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of POS materials as a tool for shaping the visions of Kharkiv in the second half of the 20th – the early 21st century. The primary sources are Soviet and modern envelopes, stamps and coins dedicated to Kharkiv. It was found that in the Soviet times, several key images of the city were shown by means of the visual culture: industrial and theatrical images of Kharkiv together with Kharkiv as a university city. Such architectural structures and monuments as the main building of O. M. Horkiy Kharkiv State University, T. G. Shevchenko monument, the South Railway Station and the Railway Station, etc. tended to appear on the soviet envelopes, stamps and coins. At the present stage the images of the city are being transformed in some ways on the envelopes, stamps and coins, in contrast to the Soviet visions which remained unchanged for decades. Above all, Kharkiv is losing its image of a large industrial city due to the economic crisis which has caused a significant decline in the capacity of the plants in the city. Today, the dominating images on the envelopes, stamps and coins give us an idea of Kharkiv as one of the largest educational and tourist centers in Eastern Ukraine. Especially, one of the main business cards of Kharkiv on coins, envelopes and stamps are Assumption, Annunciation, Intercession Cathedrals, Derzhprom (the House of State Industry), the fountain «Mirror Stream». An analysis that was aimed to measure the dynamic of the appearance of the envelopes, stamps and coins dedicated to Kharkiv self-presentation showed that the increase in the image numbers is associated with the anniversary celebrations. During the Soviet period, in particular, 1954, which was the year of the 300th anniversary of Kharkiv, became such a date. At the present stage, the sharp increase in the appearance of coins, stamps and envelopes happened in 2004 as it was the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Kharkiv National University and the 350th anniversary of Kharkiv.

scholarly journals Scientific Publishing Activities in the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region: Pages of History

2018 ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Ilyina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The article follows history of formation and development of scientific publishing in the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region over almost a century. Having analyzed the available documentary and historiographic sources, the authors conclude that publishing in the archive began in mid-1920s, initiated by its first directors, most of whom were professional historians directly connected with the Irkutsk State University. The 1920s–1930s publications of the archive were devoted to study and promotion of the history of the Bolshevik party and revolutions of 1905 and 1917. In late 1930s the archives were subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, becoming a part of state machinery that served interests of the ruling party. In early 1960s the situation changed, as the archives were transferred under the government agencies’ management; their research and publishing activities grew more scientific. At that period the archive published anthologies, which contained materials not only of the Bolshevik party, but also of the Social Revolutionaries, anarchist, and monarchist organizations that flourish in early 20th century Siberia. The archive’s publishing was on the increase, the number and quality of its publication grew, interactions between archival workers and professional historians of the region strengthened. In late 1980s scientific work of the archive rose to new level; several anthologies were published that comprehensively encapsulated the history of government and public institutions in the region throughout Soviet and post-Soviet period. Publication of documents collections series ‘Siberian Archive’ became a milestone in the work of the archive. Over the last 10 years the archive has published more actively than ever: materials from personal fonds, documents on participation of the Irkutsk region inhabitants in the World Wars I and II, memoirs on contemporary history. The article concludes that scientific and publishing work of the archive has always met the demands of the time; the archive has accumulated a huge experience which allows to continue its large-scale scientific projects.

scholarly journals HE PROCESS OF INTERNAL MIGRATION OF THE ADJARIAN HIGHLANDS TO THE MODERN STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Natela Tsiklashvili ◽  
Ketevan Chanidze ◽  
Zeinab Surmanidze
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
First Case ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Internal migration is an important demographic process that negatively affects a country›s demographic balance. It can be both voluntary and forced. In the first case, the migration of people from the village to the city is due to socio- economic reasons. In the second case, people are forced to leave their homes and move during natural disasters and conflicts (eco-migrants and displaced persons). The problem can be considered in a regional context and highlight a number of trends that are relevant for the Autonomous Republic of Adjara. The reduction of the population of regions is importance for ensuring demographic security, both for using the potential of economic development and for the population in the regions adjacent to the state border. Since the internal migration flows are large, this can lead to an increase in labor flows from the regions. In addition, in the case of vulnerable groups, such as displaced persons and eco-migrants who live in different municipalities, additional problems arise in terms of integration resettlement. According to experts, the control of internal migration processes was practically destroyed in the post- Soviet period. The movement of the population within the country is no longer controlled; accordingly, the issue is less studied in the scientific direction. Management of internal population flows caused by armed conflict, socio-economic and environmental problems requires more attention from the state. It is especially important to develop and implement policies that encourage the use of accumulated human and financial resources for sustainable development, which will allow local residents to stay in their places of residence. This will affect not only urbanization / emigration trends, but also general macroeconomic indicators, income levels and living standards.

scholarly journals Deposit of Alexander Vasilievich Rudakov (1905–1969) in the Improvement of Irkutsk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Shalamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
City Council ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The City

The article analyzes the materials from the personal fund of A.V. Rudakova (1905–1969) — Chairman of the Irkutsk City Council of Workers’ Deputies, deposited in the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region. The author considers the main stages of the biography and life of A.V. Rudakova, characterizes his contribution to the development of urban construction and improvement of the city of Irkutsk in the 30s–50s. XX century.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Reconstruction Of Urban Parks Of Culture And Rest Of The Soviet Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

This article analyzes the main problems of urban public spaces, because today public spaces can determine the future of cities. It is noted that parks are multifunctional public spaces in the urban environment, as they are an important element of the citywide system of landscaping and recreation, perform health, cultural, educational, aesthetic and environmental functions. The article notes that the need for easily accessible and well-maintained urban parks remains, however, the state of parks in many cities of Russia remains unsatisfactory, requiring reconstruction. A brief historical background of the Park of Culture and Rest of the Soviet period in Omsk is expounded, the analysis of the existing territory of the Park is presented. It is revealed that the Park, being the largest public space in Omsk, does not meet the requirements of modern urbanism, although it represents a great potential for designing the space for the purpose of recreation of citizens. Performed functional zoning scheme of the territory of the Park in question, where its division into functional areas destined for active recreational users of the Park is presented, considered the interests of senior citizens, people with limited mobility, etc. Reconstruction of Parks of the Soviet period can provide the city with additional recreational opportunities, as well as increase its tourist attractiveness.

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