scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Halus Dalam Pembuatan Paving Block

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
Andika Surya ◽  
Dedi Arham Al Anzari ◽  
Ana Juniarti ◽  
Arman Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Made In

Penelitian ini mempunyai kelebihan diantaranya mampu menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah plastik jenis PET sebagai salah satu bahan kontruksi yaitu paving block yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat digunakan sebagai pengerasan jalan, taman maupun pelataran parkir. Paving block adalah suatu komposisi bahan bangunan yang terbuat dari campuran semen portland atau bahan perekat hidrolis lainnya, air dan agregat dengan atau tanpa bahan tambahan lainnya yang tidak mengurangi mutu beton tersebut (SNI 03-0691-1996). Komposisi paving block yang akan dibuat pada karya ini terdiri dari semen portland,pasir,limbah plastik dan air sebagai campuran yang akan direncanakan pada perancangan pembuatan paving block. Masyarakat belum banyak mengetahui bahwasanya plastik juga bisa dijadikan salah satu bahan kontruksi dengan menjadi bahan tambahan. Paving block dengan plastik ini tidak bisa diragukan kekuatannya seperti paving block pada umumnya. Karena dari penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa paving block dengan menggunakan serat yang terdapat pada plastik dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan pada paving. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa hasil paving block campuran 1: 3 dengan kuat tekan paving normal 18.07 Mpa dan paving block campuran 1:6 dengan kuat tekan paving normal 11.32 MPa maka dapat diperkirakan hasil narrative review yang sesuai penelitian kami adalah sebagai berikut, pada paving block komposisi 1: 4, kuat tekan target yang terjadi direncanakan sebesar 15 Mpa dan paving block kompisisi 1:5 kuat tekan target rencana direncanakan sebesar 13 Mpa dengan tingkat kepercayaan data R = 0.9798 dari penggambungan data sebelumnya,Dengan penggunaan subtitusi plastic terhadap pasir, maka ditargetkan akan terjadi peningkatan kuat tekan sebesar 30% dari paving block tanpa penggunaan plastic di komposisi subtitusi plastic sebesar 40%.Berdasarkan SNI 03-0691-1996 tentang klarifikasi mutu paving block, komposisi paving dengan subtitusi plastic 1 : 4 dan 1 : 5 cocok untuk digunakan pada taman kota dan pedestrian untuk pejalan kaki. Then, what if the plastic waste can be used. This research has advantages such as being able to be an alternative to reduce the amount of PET plastic waste as a construction material, namely paving blocks that are environmentally friendly and can be used as paving roads, parks and parking lots. Paving block is a building material composition made of a mixture of portland cement or other hydraulic adhesives, water and aggregates with or without other additives that do not reduce the quality of the concrete (SNI 03-0691-1996). The composition of the paving blocks that will be made in this work consists of portland cement, sand, plastic waste and water as a mixture that will be planned in the design of making paving blocks. People don't know much that plastic can also be used as a construction material by becoming an additional material. Paving blocks with plastic cannot be doubted as strong as paving blocks in general. This is because previous research shows that paving blocks using fibers found in plastic can increase the compressive strength of paving. The test results show that the results of a 1:3 mixed paving block with a normal compressive strength of 18.07 MPa and a mixed paving block of 1:6 with a normal compressive strength of 11.32 MPa can then be estimated that the results of a narrative review according to our research are as follows, on the paving block composition. 1: 4, the planned target compressive strength is 15 MPa and the paving block composition 1:5 is the planned target compressive strength is 13 MPa with a data confidence level of R = 0.9798 from combining the previous data. With the use of plastic substitution for sand, it is targeted to there is an increase in compressive strength of 30% from paving blocks without the use of plastic in the composition of plastic substitution by 40%. city parks and pedestrians for pedestrians.

scholarly journals KAJIAN HUBUNGAN KUAT LENTUR DENGAN KUAT TEKAN BETON

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Suhendra Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Specification ◽  
Made In

Currently, rigid pavement in almost all national, provincial and district roads is used instead of flexible pavement. One of the rigid concrete pavement quality controls is the flexural strength (fr = 45 kg / cm2 at 28 days) as stated in the General Specification of Binamarga year 2010 revision 3. This specification no longer regulates the value of compressive strength of the rigid pavement. This is a challenge for the construction’s practicians in implementation of the specification, because during this time the procurement of cement concrete is based on the compressive strength. The formula is in SNI 2847: 2013 on concrete that fr = 0,62Öfc’. While the construction practitioners generally still use the binamarga specifications of previous revisions that contain the quality of concrete (K-350), so that the quality of bending in general is not achieved. This research covers the value of bending test results conducted in the Engineering Laboratory on beams provided by third parties using lab services, as well as test specimens made in the laboratory. The test results show that there is a correlation between the flexure strength to the compressive strength of the concrete. The relationship is more or less the same as the formula contained in SNI concrete.Keywords: Concrete, Flexure strength, compressive strength, Binamarga Specs 2010 rev. 3

The Effect of Nanoparticles of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on Compressive Strength of Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Abdoullah Namdar ◽  
Fadzil Mat Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Stability Of Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

The quality of a construction material satisfies stability of structure. Several additives have been innovated for improve quality of compressive strength of concrete. In this paper for enhancement of compressive strength of concrete, a simple method has been proposed. The kaolin and bentonite have been treated by heat for duration of 1 hour, with constant temperature. For kaolin 200 oC, 400 oC, 600 oC, 800 oC, 1000 oC and 1200 oC of heat, and for bentonite 200 oC, 400 oC, 600 oC, 800 oC of heat has been subjected. The kaolin and bentonite treated by heat have been proposed as additive for concrete. The objective is to introduce an additive to improve compressive strength of concrete. The microstructure of modified Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) paste has been investigated by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results indicate that the best level of heat for produce additives from kaolin and bentonite, and illustrate quantity of additives for replace a portion of cement in concrete application. Modification of nanoparticles of cement paste during hydration has been discussed.

scholarly journals Improving the Properties of Clay Soil by Using Literate Soil for Production of Bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Anteneh Geremew ◽  
Yibas Mamuye
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Water ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimum Firing ◽  
Temperature Furnace ◽  
Optimum Firing Temperature

Know a day’s utilization of local accessible materials is an important stage for sustainable, economic building material on the earth surface. Within them Brick is one of the commonly used construction material around Jimma town due to the availability of clay soil. But brick produced by small micros un-skill enterprises rather than by traditional method, its quantity was small and its quality was unsatisfactory, because it can easily break and it has high water absorbing conduct. The purpose of investigation was be to improving the properties of clay soil properties by using Literate soil for in the manufacturing of bricks for masonry units. In order to achieve this researches include, non-probability sampling techniques was be used to collect samples in Jimma area, then collected of samples prepared for different laboratory test and by partially replacing literate soil by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% on a clay soil in order to get optimum property by different mix ration for different laboratories. Test results indicated that shows that the lightweight bricks could be made from this study without any deterioration in the quality of bricks. Additionally, the compressive strength of the blocks optimum at 15% lateritic soil replace in clay soil contents. The optimum firing temperature furnace at a duration burning of brick was at 1000°C. It’s shown that bricks prepared of clay-laterite earth capable for high resisting capacity rather than for beauty. Key words: Literate soil, Brick, Clay soil, Compressive strength, Water absorption, sustainable, Density, Construction material.

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene-Portland Cement Composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivas-Vázquez L.P. ◽  
Suárez-Orduña R. ◽  
Valera-Zaragoza M. ◽  
Máas-Díaz A. De la L. ◽  
Ramírez-Vargas E.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
Waste Polyethylene

ABSTRACTThe effects of waste polyethylene aggregate as admixture agent in Portland cement at different addition polyethylene/cement ratios from 0.0156 to 0.3903 were investigated. The reinforced samples were prepared according the ASTM C 150 Standard (samples of 5 × 5 × 5 cm). The reinforcing fibers were milling at a size of 1/25 in diameter, form waste and used them to evaluate the effects in mechanical properties in cement-based composites. The evaluation of polyethylene as additive was based on results of density and compression tests. The 28-day compressive strength of cement reforced with plastic waste at a replacement polyethylene/cement ratio of 0.0468 was 23.5 MPa compared to the control concrete (7.5 MPa). The density of cement replaced with polyethylene varies from 2.114 (0% polyethylene) to 1.83 g/cm3 by the influence of polyethylene.

scholarly journals BATAKO LUMPUR LAPINDO SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MATERIAL PASANGAN DINDING

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rofikatul Karimah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Class I ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Made In

Block made of mud is a building material used in making wall for building that is made fromsand, cement, and fly ash using certain percentage mud in sand. This research aimed to know theeffect of the use of lapindo mud towards the compressive strength, the absorption of block waterwith the mud dosage in sand are: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. This research was an experimentalresearch; each design was made in size 10x20x40 cm using 5% of fly ash and without fly ash.The result of this research showed that the highest compressive strength was raised in 10%mud in sand with 5% fly ash that was 195 kg/cm2 or increased about 3.44 kg/cm2 within increasingpercentage about 10.651% towards the compressive of block without lapindo mud with 5% of flyash, and was included in class I quality of block. While for the 30% and 40% mud percentage islower compared with normal compressive strength of block. The test result of water absorption oflapindo mud block showed the higher value than 20% for lapindo mud block with 5% fly ash, inframing the mud blocks as the wall, those blocks need to be soaked first because the absorptionvalue of block is higher than 20%. Lapindo mud block without 5% fly ash has bricks water absorptionless than 20%, while in framing those bricks, they don’t need to be soaked because the absorptionof brick if lower than 20%. By using fly ash in mud block, we can get the higher compressivestrength and the lower water absorption.Keyword: Porong Mud, Block, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Absorption

scholarly journals Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash from Power Co-generation Boilers as a Supplementary Cementitious Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiki Ainomugisha ◽  
Bisaso Edwin ◽  
Bazairwe Annet
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Concrete has been the world’s most consumed construction material, with over 10 billion tons of concrete annually. This is mainly due to its excellent mechanical and durability properties plus high mouldability. However, one of its major constituents; Ordinary Portland Cement is reported to be expensive and unaffordable by most low-income earners. Its production contributes about 5%–8% of global CO2 greenhouse emissions. This is most likely to increase exponentially with the demand of Ordinary Portland Cement estimated to rise by 200%, reaching 6000 million tons/year by 2050.  Therefore, different countries are aiming at finding alternative sustainable construction materials that are more affordable and offer greener options reducing reliance on non-renewable sources. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the possibility of utilizing sugarcane bagasse ash from co-generation in sugar factories as supplementary material in concrete. Physical and chemical properties of this sugarcane bagasse ash were obtained plus physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Cost-benefit analysis of concrete was also assessed. The study was carried using 63 concrete cubes of size 150cm3 with water absorption studied as per BS 1881-122; slump test to BS 1881-102; and compressive strength and density of concrete according to BS 1881-116. The cement binder was replaced with sugarcane bagasse ash 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by proportion of weight. Results showed the bulk density of sugarcane bagasse ash at 474.33kg/m3, the specific gravity of 1.81, and 65% of bagasse ash has a particle size of less than 0.28mm. Chemically, sugarcane bagasse ash contained SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 at 63.59%, 3.39%, and 5.66% respectively. A 10% replacement of cement gave optimum compressive strength of 26.17MPa. This 10% replacement demonstrated a cost saving of 5.65% compared with conventional concrete. 

scholarly journals Characteristics of Hollow Compressed Earth Block Stabilized Using Cement, Lime, and Sodium Silicate

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Edris ◽  
Faris Matalkah ◽  
Bara’ah Rbabah ◽  
Ahmad Abu Sbaih ◽  
Reham Hailat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Northern Jordan

Abstract This research aims to produce a Compressed Earth Block (CEB) product using locally available soil collected from northern Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using Portland cement, lime, and sodium silicate. The research significance is based upon the urgent need of most developing countries (e.g. Jordan, Egypt…etc) to build more durable and low-cost houses by using locally available materials. As a result, CEB was identified as a cheap and environmentally friendly construction material. CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying the mechanical properties and durability characteristics. Blocks of 30 x 15 x 8 cm with two holes of 7.5 cm in diameter have a potential for higher enduring, higher compressive strength, better thermal insulation, and lower production cost. Blocks were manufactured with an addition of 8 % for either Portland cement or lime, as well as 2 % of sodium silicate to the soil. The results showed that the addition of 8 % of cement to the CEB achieves satisfactory results in both mechanical and durability properties. Also, the addition of sodium silicate was found to enhance the early-age compressive strength however it affected negatively the durable properties of blocks by increasing the erosion rate and deterioration when exposed to water.

A Quantitative Evaluation of the Quality of Recycled Steel in Uganda

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Senfuka ◽  
J. B. Kirabira ◽  
J. K. Byaruhanga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recycled Steel ◽  
Made In

All steel made in Uganda is currently manufactured from scrap. Such steel has often been characterized by unpredictable performance in consonance with its inconsistent raw material inputs. This study evaluates and relates the mechanical, metallurgical and geometrical properties of these bars in order to identify the factors underlying the performance of the products from this steel and examine the relationship with their scrap content. In order to study the steels, tensile, torsion and micrographic tests have been carried out together with spark emission spectrometry on samples collected from different plants. The test results generally indicate impressive steel resilience, strength and metallographic properties in spite of relatively high and irregular carbon content. Limited weldability, uniaxiality of properties, uneven scatter of microelements and substantial non-uniformity of longitudinal mechanical properties have been observed. Rolling and post rolling defects have been noted. The geometric reliability of the bars has also been found generally low. Improvement of secondary refinement, use of direct reduced iron (DRI) diluent and more diligent sorting have suggested as solutions.

scholarly journals Condensation of refrigerant R407C in multiport minichannel section

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Bohdal ◽  
Henryk Charun ◽  
Małgorzata Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

AbstractAnalysis of the state of-the-art in research of refrigerant condensation in miniature heat exchangers, so-called multiports, was made. Results of refrigerant R407C condensation in a mini condenser made in the form of two bundles of tubular minichannels from stainless steel with an inside diameter 0.64 mm and length 100 mm have been presented. Two exchangers consisted of four minichannels and 8 minichannels have been investigated. The values of average heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drops throughout the condensation process were designated. The impact of the vapor quality of refrigerant and the mass flux density on the intensity of heat transfer and flow resistance were illustrated. A comparative analysis of test results for various refrigerants in both mini heat exchangers were made.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADDING CEMENT WASTE ON THE QUALITY OF CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE

Jurnal CIVILA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Asrul Majid ◽  
Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Test Objects

Infrastructure development is one of the important aspects of the progress of a country where most of the constituents of infrastructure are concrete. The most important constituent of concrete is cement because its function is to bind other concrete materials so that it can form a hard mass. The large number of developments using cement as a building material will leave quite a lot of cement bags.In this study, the authors conducted research on the effect of adding cement waste to the compressive strength of concrete. This study used an experimental method with a total of 24 test objects. The test object is in the form of a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm and uses variations in the composition of the addition of cement waste cement as a substitute for fine aggregate, namely 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%. K200). The compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 7 days and 28 days.The test results show that the use of waste as a partial substitute for fine aggregate results in a decrease in the compressive strength of each mixture. at the age of 7 days the variation of 2% is 16.84 MPa, 4% is 11.32 MPa and for a mixture of 6% is 6.68 MPa. Meanwhile, the compressive strength test value of 28 days old concrete in each mixture decreased by ± 6 MPa. So the conclusion is cement cement waste cannot be used as a substitute for fine aggregate in fc 16.6 (K200) quality concrete because the value is lower than the specified minimum of 16.6 MPa.

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