scholarly journals Remote monitoring of the state of winter wheat during the spring-summer vegetation of 2016 year, by using vegetation indices of Sentinel-2A satellite (case study by foreststeppe area of Ukraine)

Author(s):  
Galina Zholobak ◽  
Oksana Sybirtseva ◽  
Mariana Vakolyuk ◽  
Yuliia Zakharchyk

The spectral vegetation indices NDVI (842, 665), NDVI (740, 665) and GreenNDVI received from the survey data of new generation satellite Sentinel2A, were analyzed in publication for studying the vegetation of two cultivars of winter wheat, grown up of crops production for the harvest in 2016 year of Grain Alliance Ukraine (Berezan, Kyiv oblast, Ukraine).

Author(s):  
Galina Zholobak ◽  
Oksana Sybirtseva ◽  
Mariana Vakolyuk ◽  
Inna Romanciuc

Dynamics of 15 vegetation indices estimated from the Sentinel-2A images within two test sites with the area of 1 ha for the production crops of two winter wheat cultivars (Bohdana and Skagen) are analyzed for winter dormancy and spring-early summer in 2016. The decrease of total nitrogen content in dry matter of the plant organs, which are formed the reflecting surface of the vegetation cover from the booting stage to milk one is consistent with the behavior of the Green NDVI (740, 560) for the both test sites of winter wheat cover. Dynamics of the other 14 indices have been analyzed under the conditions of the deterioration of phytosanitary situation for the winter wheat crop of Bohdana cultivar.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Escolà ◽  
N. Badia ◽  
J. Arnó ◽  
J. A. Martínez-Casasnovas

This work assesses the potential of Sentinel-2A images in precision agriculture for Barley production in a case study. Two workflows are proposed: 1) images were acquired with a relatively simple methodology to follow the crop development; 2) two images around harvest time were downloaded and processed using a more complex and accurate methodology to calculate four vegetation indices (NDVI, WDRVI, GRVI and GNDVI) to be correlated to yield with linear regression models. Yield data were acquired with a yield monitor installed in a combine harvester. Green-based vegetation indices performed slightly better. However, the highest correlation coefficient was 0.48. Better results may be achieved with earlier imagery and other vegetation indices. Sentinel-2 is a promising tool for precision agriculture in large arable crop fields.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Dong ◽  
Xuehong Chen ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Chishan Zhang ◽  
Licong Liu ◽  
...  

Accurate mapping of winter wheat over a large area is of great significance for guiding policy formulation related to food security, farmland management, and the international food trade. Due to the complex phenological features of winter wheat, the cloud contamination in time-series imagery, and the influence of the soil/snow background on vegetation indices, there remains no effective method for mapping winter wheat at a medium spatial resolution (10–30 m). In this study, we proposed a novel method called phenology-time weighted dynamic time warping (PT-DTW) for identifying winter wheat based on Sentinel 2A/B time-series data. The main advantages of PT-DTW include (1) the use of phenological features in two periods, i.e., the greenness increase before winter and greenness decrease after heading, which are common to all winter wheat and are distinct from the features of other land cover types, and (2) the use of the normalized differential phenology index (NDPI) instead of traditional vegetation indices to provide more robust vegetation information and to suppress the adverse impacts of soil and snow cover, especially during the before-winter growth period. The proposed PT-DTW method was employed for winter wheat mapping based on Sentinel 2A/B data on the Huang-Huai Plain, China. Validation with visually interpreted samples showed that the produced winter wheat map achieved an overall classification accuracy of 89.98% and a kappa coefficient of 0.7978, outperforming previous winter wheat classification methods. Moreover, the planting area derived from PT-DTW agreed well with census data at the municipal level, with a coefficient of determination of 0.8638, indicating that the winter wheat map produced at 20 m resolution was reliable overall. Therefore, the PT-DTW method is recommended for winter wheat mapping over large areas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3846
Author(s):  
Milena Marković ◽  
Jasmin Cheema ◽  
Anica Teofilović ◽  
Slavica Čepić ◽  
Zorica Popović ◽  
...  

Understanding the relationship between land use and land cover and thermal environment has recently become an emerging issue for urban planners and policy makers. We chose Belgrade, as a case study, to present a cost- and time-effective framework for monitoring spatiotemporal changes of green spaces in relation to the land surface temperature (LST). Time series analysis was performed using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery from 1991 to 2019 with an approximate 5-year interval (18 images in total). Spectral vegetation indices and supervised land cover classifications were used to examine changes of green spaces. The results showed a fluctuating trend of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the normalized difference water index (NDWI). The highest values were recorded in 2019, indicating vegetation recovery in the last decade. A significant positive correlation was determined between the spectral vegetation indices and the amount of precipitation during growing season. The land cover classification showed that the share of vegetated and bare land decreased by 11.74% during the study period. The most intensive conversion of green and bare land into built-up land cover occurred in the first decade (1991–2000). To assess spatiotemporal changes in the LST, Landsat Collection 2 Surface Temperature products were used. We found a negative correlation between change in the spectral vegetation indices and change in the LST. This indicates that the reduction in vegetation was associated with an increase in the LST. The municipalities that were the most affected in each decade were also identified with our framework. The findings of this study are of great relevance for actions targeting an improvement in urban thermal comfort and climate resilience.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.


2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Norudin Mansor ◽  
Che Ismail Long ◽  
Ahmad Ismail Mohd. Annuar

The research project was conducted to investigate the understanding of E-commerce Application among the SMEs in the state of Kelantan. Focusing on the population of registered members of Dewan Perniagaan Melayu Malaysia, Kelantan, a total of302 respondents were selected to participate in our study. Moving in line with the general assumption of world business community it is agreed that e-commerce application is highly relevant for the survival and meeting the challenges of borderless economy. At the same time, the process of acquiring knowledge and understanding the environment, coping with changes, and speeding up the business decision, able to further enhance the competitive advantage of the SMEs. Using the established model, our investigation focused on 5 identifiable variables to demonstrate its usefulness towards motivating SMEs to adopt e-commerce. Our analysis indicated that all the selected variables were significant towards enhancing the application of e-commerce and thus maintaining competitive advantage in the industry.


2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka

Abstract Amendment to the Act on special rules of preparation and implementation of investment in public roads resulted in an accelerated mode of acquisition of land for the development of roads. The decision to authorize the execution of road investment issued on its basis has several effects, i.e. determines the location of a road, approves surveying division, approves construction design and also results in acquisition of a real property by virtue of law by the State Treasury or local government unit, among others. The conducted study revealed that over 3 years, in this mode, the city of Krakow has acquired 31 hectares of land intended for the implementation of road investments. Compensation is determined in separate proceedings based on an appraisal study estimating property value, often at a distant time after the loss of land by the owner. One reason for the lengthy compensation proceedings is challenging the proposed amount of compensation, unregulated legal status of the property as well as imprecise legislation. It is important to properly develop geodetic and legal documentation which accompanies the application for issuance of the decision and is also used in compensation proceedings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1414
Author(s):  
K.S. Golondarev

Subject. This article explores the issues of business tourism clustering in Greater Moscow. Objectives. The article intends to justify the need to create a business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow to improve the investment climate in the region. Methods. For the study, I used a multivariate analysis, forecasting, and extrapolation. Results. The article shows a certain relationship between the efficient functioning of the business tourism cluster and the economy's development. Conclusions and Relevance. Certain types of tourist clusters can serve as platforms for attracting investors and implementing marketing plans. The business tourism cluster is a link between buyers and sellers in various industries. The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of the cluster initiative in business tourism, as well as find ways of cooperation between the State and private investors when creating the business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Joyce Valdovinos

The provision of water services has traditionally been considered a responsibility of the state. During the late 1980s, the private sector emerged as a key actor in the provision of public services. Mexico City was no exception to this trend and public authorities awarded service contracts to four private consortia in 1993. Through consideration of this case study, two main questions arise: First, why do public authorities establish partnerships with the private sector? Second, what are the implications of these partnerships for water governance? This article focuses, on the one hand, on the conceptual debate of water as a public and/or private good, while identifying new trends and strategies carried out by private operators. On the other hand, it analyzes the role of the state and its relationships with other actors through a governance model characterized by partnerships and multilevel networks.Spanish La provisión del servicio del agua ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como una responsabilidad del Estado. A finales de la década de 1980, el sector privado emerge como un actor clave en el suministro de servicios públicos. La ciudad de México no escapa a esta tendencia y en 1993 las autoridades públicas firman contratos de servicios con cuatro consorcios privados. A través de este estudio de caso, dos preguntas son planteadas: ¿Por qué las autoridades públicas establecen partenariados con el sector privado? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de dichos partenariados en la gobernanza del agua? Este artículo aborda por una parte, el debate conceptual del agua como bien público y/o privado, identificando nuevas tendencias y estrategias de los operadores privados. Por otra parte, se analizan el rol y las relaciones del Estado con otros actores a través de un modelo de gobernanza, definido en términos de partenariados y redes multi-niveles.French Les services de l'eau ont été traditionnellement considérés comme une responsabilité de l'État. À la fin des années 1980, le secteur privé est apparu comme un acteur clé dans la fourniture de certains services publics. La ville de Mexico n'a pas échappé à cette tendance et en 1993, les autorités publiques ont signé des contrats de services avec quatre consortiums privés. À travers cette étude de cas, nous nous interrogerons sur deux aspects : pourquoi les autorités publiques établissentelles des partenariats avec le secteur privé ? Quelles sont les implications de ces partenariats sur la gouvernance de l'eau ? Cet article s'intéresse, d'une part, au débat conceptuel sur l'eau en tant que bien public et/ou privé, en identifiant les tendances nouvelles et les stratégies menées par les opérateurs privés. D'autre part y sont analysés le rôle de l'État et ses relations avec d'autres acteurs à travers un modèle de gouvernance, défini en termes de partenariats, et des réseaux multi-niveaux.


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