scholarly journals Adaptive methods of detecting environmental changes using multispectral satellite images on the Earth for example territory Solotvyno

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Yakimchuk ◽  
Kostiantyn Sukhanov ◽  
Olha Tomchenko
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Adaptive Methods ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Space Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Multispectral Satellite Images ◽  
The Village ◽  
Space Image

The methods for detecting environmental changes using two multispectral multispectral space images of the Earth, which can be used to assess changes in the ecological and geological environment to control the dynamics of processes in real time, in order to prevent environmental emergencies. The creation and operation of a system of continuous geoecological monitoring based on space information involves the detection of relative changes in the environment on two multispectral space images of the Earth, obtained after a certain period of time. To do this, it is necessary to develop and apply adaptive methods (indices) for detecting relative changes. Three methods are proposed that are adapted to specific images to find the optimal solution that maximizes the relative changes in two different time multispectral space images of the Earth. The first method selects one optimal channel from all channels of the space image, the second method - two optimal channels from all channels and the third - four optimal channels from all channels. There are known methods that assess the presence or absence of changes in two space images at different times, but they do not provide information about the direction of changes. The proposed indices can take positive and negative values, reflecting the trend of changes on the ground. The negative values of the indices obtained in the area near the village of Solotvyno, Tyachiv district, Zakarpattia region, correspond to the areas with the most dynamic changes in the environment of such exogenous processes as karst funnels and lakes, and positive values correspond to increasing vegetation areas. The results of comparing the application of the change detection index on two different multispectral space images of the Earth on four, two channels and one channel showed that increasing the number of channels can give a more reasonable picture of changes, but to concretize these changes requires ground-based observations.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of the Earth as a Method of Assessing Environmental Quality of Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
S.A. Yeprintsev ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
S.V. Shekoyan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Space Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Voronezh Region

Introduction: Spatial zoning of an urban area by the level of anthropogenic burden using land-based research methods is very time-consuming. Since the end of the 20th century, the usage of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) techniques has served as their more efficient alternative. The study objectives included geoinformation zoning and evaluation of the level of technogenic changes in the areas according to NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values. Materials and methods: The cities of the Voronezh Region and their suburban ten-kilometer territories were chosen as the study objects. For the spatial analysis of the area of anthropogenically modified territories based on the example of the cities of the Voronezh Region we created an archive of multichannel satellite images taken by the Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites. The data were borrowed from the Website of the US Geological Survey. Space images were grouped by two periods (the years of 2001 and 2016). Depending on NDVI values, territories with high and low anthropogenic burden, natural framework zones, and water bodies were distinguished. Results: We established that the smallest percentage of areas of the natural framework and their poor location was observed in the city of Voronezh. The largest area occupied by the natural framework was identified within the town of Borisoglebsk. This fact is attributed to the sensible policy of ensuring environmental and hygienic safety of the population implemented by the regional and municipal authorities. Discussion: At present, it is still impossible to fully use space monitoring data to assess health risks of technogenic factors; they can only be used simultaneously with ground monitoring that includes instrumental and laboratory monitoring of environmental quality indicators within the framework of the socio-hygienic monitoring. Conclusions: The analysis of changes in the proportion of areas with a high anthropogenic burden relative to the natural framework performed using satellite images taken in 2001 and 2016 showed an increase in the technogenic burden on the urban environment.

scholarly journals The first steps in the earth aerospace remote sensing in the Institute of Geography RAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
D. S. Asoyan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
First Results ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ice Resources ◽  
Space Image

Fifty years ago, in the autumn of 1968, experiments on interpretation of the first Soviet global space image made by ‘Zond-5’ automatic spacecraft and of American space images from Gemini III, IV, V piloted spacecrafts were carried out for the first time in the USSR. The aim of these experiments was the study of possibilities to use satellite images in geomorphology and geography. The first results demonstrated high value of space images for geomorphological research for the studies of morphostructures and morphosculptures of various genesis, the discovery of a 2500 km long lineament in Sahara; real time-related transitive borders of latitudinal landscape zones in Africa were indicated for the first time. It was suggested that satellite images could be applied for the studies of various geological structures, seismicity, volcanic activity, global and regional zones of jointing as well as for thematic mapping. Thanks to these studies a new Department of Satellite-related Geography was established at the Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Later on, studies were carried out at the Institute’s Department of Satellite-related Geography in order to find application possibilities of TV multispectral scanned and photographic satellite images for thematic research and mapping. The first conclusions were confirmed in the course of further studies in the field of aerospace remote sensing in Russia and abroad; their results were summarized in two fundamental atlases published under the auspices of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGRAS): “Resources and Environment World Atlas” (1998) and “World Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources” (1997). Up to date, methods of aerospace remote sensing continue to be applied successfully at IGRAS for geomorphological studies and for resolving of environmental problems in physical and human geography.

“And the Earth Was Still Moving…” The Massacre of Jews in Szczeglacin in Eyewitness’ Testimonies

2010 ◽  
pp. 451-465
Author(s):  
Marta Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Labor Camp ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Village

The article deals with a labor camp for Jews founded by the Germans in Cerkwisko near Bartków Nowy, Karczew Commune, was transferred to the village of Szczeglacin due to the works’ advancement along the river. The Jews who died in that camp performed work connected with water management which consisted in draining the farmland and engineering the Kołodziejka River a Bug tributary. The liquidation of the Szczeglacin camp probably took place in the morning of 22 October 1942.  Several hundred Jews were killed with a primitive tool – a wooden club. According to the witnesses, “when spring came,” probably of 1944, the Germans returned to the spot to conduct an exhumation of the remains in order to ultimately cover the traces. The article is based on various sources – from oral accounts, collected in 2009 in Szczeglacin and the neighboring villages, through records produced in 1947  (Josek Kopyto’s testimony) and 1994e manuscript of a peasant from Bartków Stary as well as regional publications

Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
A.S. Bruskova ◽  
T.I. Levitskaya ◽  
D.M. Haydukova
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Geoinformation System ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The City

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.

The research study in the convergence of the results of processing radar images Sentinel-1A with field observations of agricultural sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
D.V. Mozer ◽  
Е.L. Levin ◽  
A.K. Satbergenova
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Research Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Modern Technologies

The manuscript discusses how to monitor the condition of seedlings on agricultural fields planted with winter wheat, fodder maize and areas of fir forest located in the Freudenstadt district of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany. To solve the range of agricultural problems , they often use modern technologies such as satellite remote sensing of the Earth. The paper displays the monitoring results of the Sentinel-1A radar satellites scenes, as well as visual spectrum imagery of field observations are presented when leaving directly to terrain segments. The processing deployed data chain, consisting of 11 Sentinel-1A scenes acquired in the timefrane from March to November 2018. Specifically, the SNAP Sentinel Toolboxes software was used to process the radar satellite images Sentinel-1А, the. Based on the the research outcomes the Committee of Agriculture of the Freudenstadt district is able to predict the yield amount with high accuracy due to good data convergence. According to the study, the following three important problems can be resolved by means of Sentinel-1A imagery

Efficient onboard image motion compensation for orbital inclination and eccentricity of geostationary weather satellites

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311-1325
Author(s):  
MP Ramachandran ◽  
MK Agarwal ◽  
DA Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
Scanning Mirror ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Detail Image ◽  
Geographical Locations

Image registration is important in geostationary weather satellites. Achieving consistent registration of the images with respect to the geographical locations on the Earth is here of interest. The consistency in the registration between the images is affected whenever the orbital inclination and eccentricity are not zero. The imaging payload has a two-axis scanning mirror to capture the Earth image. The above orbital effects together with scan mirror pointing direction are the factors that cause the misregistration. This paper presents an onboard algorithm that provides the scan compensation angles due to the above factors and achieves consistent registration. The compensation varies every second, which is the time taken for each scan. Hence it is preferred to have computations onboard than to have ground based bulk uplinks for the scan compensation. The paper presents an algorithm that is useful, say, when (i) the onboard computing capabilities are limited, (ii) the navigation accuracies are coarse and (iii) the image resampling is not preferred on the ground and the payload data are directly used for weather applications. The paper also discusses the tests that were carried on the onboard software in order to validate its performance in achieving the consistent registration before launch. This is done by using another independent software tool which is also described in detail. Image motion algorithm was invoked for a couple of days in INSAT 3DR. The atmospheric wind vector deduced directly from the satellite images is given at the end.

scholarly journals Forensic Geoarchaeology in the Search for Missing Persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone ◽  
Rosa Maria Di Maggio ◽  
Silvia Mesturini
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Geographic Profiling ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multispectral Satellite Images

Despite widespread concern over missing persons, there has always been little clarity on what the word “missing” means. Although the category of young runaways is, indeed, an important cluster, other popular concepts related to disappearances describe a portion of missing persons. Thus, the following question persists: What exactly does “missing” mean? In this brief communication, we would like to open a discussion about the social phenomenon of missing persons and the consequent deployment of people and techniques to find those persons. In particular, the benefits of some forensic geoarchaeological approaches that are not yet fully standardized will be highlighted, such as geographic profiling and the use of multispectral satellite images, in order to provide materials for future searching protocols.

Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Psychoactive medications

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1034-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagi Denenberg ◽  
Maya Bräm Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
The Face ◽  
Psychoactive Medications

Practical relevance: When a cat is presented for evaluation of a problem behaviour, it is likely that the cat’s wellbeing is negatively affected by the condition. In addition, the owners and any other animals around the cat may also be experiencing negative consequences. When managing these cases, it is important to consider all options (including behaviour modification, environmental changes, medications) that can help to reach an optimal solution. Medication cannot teach the cat how to behave or change a particular behaviour; it can, however, reduce arousal, excitability, reactivity and anxiety. Rationale: The rationale for using psychoactive medications in behavioural medicine, or veterinary psychiatry, is to increase the wellbeing of the animal and to aid the owner and practitioner in managing problem behaviours. Medications should always be used as an adjunct to behavioural and environmental modification. Clinical challenges: Many psychoactive medications cannot be used in the face of certain physical illnesses or concurrently with other medications. Some medications may also have side effects, not be effective at the recommended dose or have a paradoxical effect. Furthermore, success is reliant on the owner being able to administer the medication. Aims: This article aims to guide practitioners by discussing questions such as how to choose the appropriate medication, how to dose it and how long to use it. The psychoactive medications most commonly used in feline medicine are reviewed, as well as some that are newer or less common. Evidence base: Data for the use of medications in cats is limited, with just a small number of clinical-, species- and problem-directed studies available, and a few more case series and case reports. Where feline-specific research is not available, the authors have drawn upon research published in other species, such as humans, dogs and rats, as well as anecdotal reports and expert opinions.

scholarly journals Conservation and directed utilization of forest genetic resources

2007 ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Jelena Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources ◽  
Defensive Mechanism

Forest genetic resources represent the genetic diversity contained in the thousands of species of forest trees on the earth. their conservation is a set of activities and strategies, which are performed in the aim of ensuring the continued existence, evolution and availability of these resources for the present and future generations. the aim of genetic resource management is the enhancement of conditions for the continual evolution of the species which is the defensive mechanism of the organisms in the struggle with environmental changes.

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