scholarly journals ACTIVITY AND THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF UREASE IN SOILS AMENDED WITH ORGANIC RESIDUES

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Ansari & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

An experiment was conducted to study the thermodynamic parameters (Q10, Ea, Ha, Sa and Ga) of urease in loamy sand and silty clay soils treated with different sources of organic residues (cow residue, alfalfa leaves, wheat straw and poultry residue). Residues were mixed with soil at rate of 2%. The amended soils were incubated at 30°C for 30 days to undergo biochemical, chemical and physico-chemical reaction. Amended soils were incubated at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. Urease activity was assayed and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Results indicated that urease activity of amended soil was higher than that of control soils at various temperatures of incubation. Urease activity increased by increasing temperature of incubation from 10 to 40°C. Q10, Ea, Ha, and Sa values of silty clay soil were in the order of : poultry manure > cow manure > alfalfa residue > wheat residue > control soil. However, in loamy sand soil the order was cow manure > alfalfa residue > wheat residue > control > poultry manure. Order of Ga was control > wheat residue > alfafa residue > cow manure > poultry manure at both soils. Except at poultry manure, all thermodynamic parameters values were higher in loamy sand soil as compared with their values in silty clay soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus polymyxa as Wild or Mutant by UV and Diagnosed with PCR on the Available Phosphate Fertilizer in Calcareous Soils and Growth Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Bacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

An agricultural experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn seeds inoculation with mutant, wild or mixed of them together of locally isolate of Bacillus polymyxa on the availability of phosphorus, growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) when it was planted in silty clay and loamy sand soils with the addition of four levels of triplsuperphosphate fertilizer (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg p/ha). B. polymyxa isolate was exposed to UV rays for 60 minutes to obtain mutagenic bacteria. Results showed that inoculation with wild isolate with 75 or 100 kg p/ha gave the best value for plant height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration in the vegetative part and available phosphorus in the soil after planting. Inoculation with mutagenic isolate bacteria gave the value of 69.37 cm, 6 g/pot, 43.49 mg/pot and 27.52 mg/kg soil for plant height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus absorbed in vegetative part and available phosphorus, respectively when it planted in loamy sand or silty clay soil. On the other hand, the percentage of increase of the effect of phosphate fertilization levels was 47.82%, 39.70%, 75.53% and 73.46% in loamy sand soil and 46.74%, 56.96%, 85.33% and 53.12% in silty clay soil, respectively.

scholarly journals Conventional and Conservation Seedbed Preparation Systems for Wheat Planting in Silty-Clay Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Roberto Fanigliulo ◽  
Daniele Pochi ◽  
Pieranna Servadio
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Conventional seedbed preparation is based on deep ploughing followed by lighter and finer secondary tillage of the superficial layer, normally performed by machines powered by the tractor’s Power Take-Off (PTO), which prepares the seedbed in a single pass. Conservation methods are based on a wide range of interventions, such as minimum or no-tillage, by means of machines with passive action working tools which require two or more passes The aim of this study was to assess both the power-energy requirements of conventional (power harrows and rotary tillers with different working width) and conservation implements (disks harrow and combined cultivator) and the soil tillage quality parameters, with reference to the capability of preparing an optimal seedbed for wheat planting. Field tests were carried out on flat, silty-clay soil, using instrumented tractors. The test results showed significant differences among the operative performances of the two typologies of machines powered by the tractor’s PTO: the fuel consumption, the power and the energy requirements of the rotary tillers are strongly higher than power harrows. However, the results also showed a decrease of these parameters proceeding from conventional to more conservation tillage implements. The better quality of seedbed was provided by the rotary tillers.

scholarly journals Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ruihuan She ◽  
Yongxiang Yu ◽  
Chaorong Ge ◽  
Huaiying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.

Trace element uptake by two British Columbia forages as affected by poultry manure application

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
L. E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trace Element Uptake

Field experiments evaluated yield response to deep-pit poultry manure application to barley on a clay soil near Prince George and a grass-legume forage on a silty clay loam soil near Chilliwack, B.C. Substantial dry matter yield increases were measured at manure applications up to 20 t ha−1. Subsamples of both crops and the poultry manure were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, B and Co. Selenium analyses were made on selected crop samples. There were no indications of toxicity problems even at 40 t ha−1, the highest application. Copper and Zn concentrations in forages were increased by the poultry manure and the Mn/Cu ratio tended to decrease with manure application. Key words: Orchardgrass, ladino clover, barley, micronutrients

scholarly journals Analysis of 2,4-D Concentration in Silty Clay Soil Under Two Irrigation Regimes Using LEACHP and PRZM-3 Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Noshadi ◽  
S. Jamshidi ◽  
F. Foroharfar ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Contaminant migration in engineered clay barriers due to heat and moisture redistribution under freezing conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel M.O. Mohamed ◽  
Raymond N. Yong ◽  
Miroslawa T. Mazus
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Freezing Time ◽  
Contaminant Migration ◽  
Unfrozen Water Content ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

In this study, the effect of temperature distribution and its influence on contaminant migration in a silty clay soil were examined. Three series of freezing-column tests were performed with three different fluids: distilled water, municipal waste leachate, and heavy metal – leachate solution. It was found that temperature distribution as a function of space and time was similar in all tests, most likely as a result of the limited amount of fluid intake. Moisture redistributions were varied as a function of experiment duration and the type of fluid used. The amount of fluid intake was directly related to the freezing time and the temperature gradient in the freezing column. The amount of unfrozen water content, ion concentration and temperature gradient were the controlling parameters that contributed to the contaminant transport in the frozen illitic silty clay soil. Na+-concentration profiles were mostly dependent on water movement in the soil column. The behaviour of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations was similar to Na+; their concentrations in the soil solution decreased with freezing time due to ion exchange. The large accumulations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in the lower 10 mm of the soil column occurred as a result of cation exchange and precipitation mechanisms. Key words : unsaturated, osmotic, diffusion, buffer, exchange, transport.

scholarly journals Sunflower response to Boron supply when grown in a silty clay soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Dhassi Khalid ◽  
Drissi Saad ◽  
Makroum Kacem ◽  
Nasreddine Fatima Ezzahra ◽  
Amlal Fouad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil conditioners effects on hydraulic properties, leaching processes and denitrification on a silty-clay soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 139342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Colombani ◽  
Maria Pia Gervasio ◽  
Giuseppe Castaldelli ◽  
Micòl Mastrocicco
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Protecting Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Fluometuron Injury with Seed Protectants

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy R. Corbin ◽  
Robert E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the potential of growth regulators mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride as seed treatments to protect cotton from fluometuron injury. Fluometuron at two and three times the recommended use rate reduced cotton stand and height on Taloka and Convent silt loam soils both years. Cotton grown on a Sharkey silty clay soil was not injured by fluometuron. Mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride increased cotton stands on a Taloka silt loam soil when averaged over rates and years. In general, fluometuron injury to cotton was not reduced by treating seed with 1000 ppmw concentrations of chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride. Chlormequat chloride reduced chlorosis and necrosis of cotton treated with fluometuron, but neither growth regulator eliminated cotton injury or yield reduction caused by fluometuron at two or three times the recommended rates.

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