STUDY OF SERUM IRISIN AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN POLY CYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
G.G. Kaushik ◽  
Poonam Chaudhary ◽  
Ankita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cystic Ovary

OBJECTIVE: Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is clinically heterogeneous endocrine disorders. Insulin resistance-related proteins play a role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. Irisin is a newly identied myokine which act like adipokines. Irisin has been shown to be associated with insulin-resistance and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum levels of irisin in PCOS patients and evaluate its association with insulin resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty ve PCOS patients and eighty ve matched healthy controls were enrolled to study .Serum irisin levels , anthropometric and metabolic parameters including HOMA-IR were measured. Linear regression analysis was employed to study the relationship between irisin and metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Serum irisin level in PCOS patients ( mean value ; 0.50+0.07 ng/ml) was signicantly elevated when compared to control group ( mean value; 0.203+0.043ng/ml)(p value <0.001).Linear regression analysis showed that serum irisin was positively associated with body mass index , fasting insulin and lipid prole in PCOS patients. CONCLUSIONS: Serum irisin level of PCOS patients was high compared to that of healthy control subjects . In patients with PCOS , this situation may be due to insulin resistance .

scholarly journals Chemerin level in a sample of Egyptian females with PCOS and its relation to insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Reda Halawa ◽  
Rania Said Abd El Baky ◽  
Yara Mohamed Eid ◽  
Merhan Samy Nasr ◽  
Bahaa Mahmoud Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pcos Group

Abstract Background Chemerin a novel adipokine is linked to insulin resistance and adiposity which are major characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Results Chemerin level was found to be significantly higher in PCOS group than in control group (94.99 ± 12.52 ng/dl vs 73.41 ± 6.95 ng/dl) (P < 0.001) being the highest in obese PCO group, also chemerin positively correlated with BMI, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.001), Multivariate linear regression analysis for factors affecting chemerin level in both PCO groups showed that the most important factor was fasting insulin (P = 0.042). Conclusion Chemerin correlates with insulin resistance and may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in PCOS patients.

scholarly journals The Association of Circulating MiR-29b and Interleukin-6 with Subclinical Atherosclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1537-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-qing Huang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ji-yan Chen ◽  
Ying-ling Zhou ◽  
An-ping Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background/Aims: Although it is widely acknowledged that atherosclerosis is mainly a chronic inflammatory process, in which both miR-29b and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play multifaceted roles, the association between miR-29b and IL-6 remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between miR-29b and IL-6 and to test whether circulating levels of miR-29b and IL-6 could predict atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 170 participants were divided into two groups according to carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT): study group (CIMT ≥ 0.9mm) and control group (CIMT < 0.9mm). Levels of circulating miR-29b and IL-6 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The association of miR-29b and IL-6 levels with CIMT was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The study group showed higher miR-29b levels (31.61 ± 3.05 vs. 27.91 ± 1.71 Ct, p < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (3.40 ± 0.67 vs. 2.99 ± 0.37 pg/ml, p < 0.001), compared with the control group. CIMT was positively correlated with miR-29b (r = 0.587, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.410, p < 0.001), and miR-29b levels were also correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.242, p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis also showed that CIMT was positively correlated with miR-29b and IL-6. After adjustment for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein, CIMT was still closely correlated with miR-29b and IL-6. The combination of miR-29b and IL-6 (AUC = 0.901, p < 0.001) offered a better predictive index for atherosclerosis than either miR-29b (AUC = 0.867, p < 0.001) or IL-6 (AUC = 0.747, p < 0.001) alone. Conclusion: Circulating levels of miR-29b and IL-6 may be independently correlated with subclinical atherosclerosis, and may serve as novel biomarkers for the identification of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Effect of sex class on the levels of some biochemical variables in thalassemia patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khalaf N. Mohammed ◽  
Mossa M. Marbut
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control

The study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital - Thalassemia Center for the period from 1/10/2017 to 1/4/2018. It included 60 patients including 30 males and 30 females, as well as control group which included 20 Healthy people were all 10 to 21 years of age. The following variables were studied: ferritin, GSH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Malondialdehyde (MDA) Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Cortisol. The analysis of correlation coefficients and simple linear regression was carried out to determine the effect of the variables among them. The results were as follows: Thalassemia patients recorded the lowest levels of GSH, IGF-1 and cortisol at 2.2 μmol / L and 50.4 ng / ml and 10.11 μg / dL respectively, while the same group recorded the highest levels of ferritin, MDA and IL- 6 was 3083 ng / ml, 941 mmol / L and 368 pg / mol. There were significant effects of both sexes in the group of thalassemia patients in both ferritin, GSH, IGF-1, MDA, and IL-6 with 2573, 3592 μg / dL, 2.821, 1.573 μmol / L, 63.3, 37.47 ng / ml and 1163.1 719.3 mmol / L 300.9 and 435.6 pg / mol for males and females, respectively. The results of the correlation coefficient analysis showed existence of and low correlations in the negative and positive direction between the study variables of the two groups of patients and control. The results of the simple linear regression analysis showed positive and negative regression ratios of IL-6 and IGF-1 growth factor on the rest of the study variables.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.101  

scholarly journals Association between the Time of Length since Smoking Cessation and Insulin Resistance in Asymptomatic Korean Male Ex-Smokers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Woon Kim ◽  
Sung-Goo Kang ◽  
Sang-Wook Song ◽  
Na-Rae Kim ◽  
Jun-Seung Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment

Aim.Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, mainly due to decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance. However, there has been little research on the effects of smoking cessation period on changes in insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the length of time since smoking cessation period and insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers.Methods.A total of 851 male adults were included in this study. We considered several factors that can affect insulin resistance, and through multiple linear regression analysis, we assessed the effect the length of time since smoking cessation on insulin resistance in ex-smokers. Insulin resistance was represented as the insulin resistance index estimated by homeostasis model assessment.Results. HOMA-IR values showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the length of time since smoking cessation (p=0.009) in ex-smokers. After performing multiple linear regression analysis using factors that could potentially influence insulin resistance, we found that waist circumference (p=0.026) and the length of time since smoking cessation (p=0.039) were independent predictors of HOMA-IR in asymptomatic male ex-smokers.Conclusion. The longer the smoking cessation period, the more the insulin resistance tended to decrease in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers.

Do Aromatase Inhibitors Increase Hemoglobin in Women with Breast Cancer?

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4575-4575
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lachant ◽  
Kanu P. Sharan ◽  
Andres Ferber ◽  
Robert Somer ◽  
Generosa Grana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors (AI) block the conversion of testosterone and androstenedione to the estrogen estrone by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme complex. AI are used to treat estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women. With AI therapy, estrogen levels decrease to 85–95% of baseline. In women with metastatic disease, androstenedione levels do not increase. We have evaluated 2 women for polycythemia during AI therapy. Case 1 is 52 years old with stage II breast cancer treated with lumpectomy, TAC × 6 and radiation. Tamoxifen was started 4 months later. The mean hemoglobin during 6 months of tamoxifen was 14.0±0.1 gm/dl. When switched to exemestane, the mean hemoglobin over the next 24 months was 16.1±0.5 gm/dl (Mann-Whitney, p&lt;0.003). Case 2 is an 80 year old with stage I breast cancer treated with lumpectomy followed by radiation. Her baseline hemoglobin was 13.8 gm/dl. 26 months after starting exemestane, her hemoglobin reached 18.0 gm/dl. After extensive evaluation, neither patient met the criteria for polycythemia vera and no etiology for secondary polycythemia was found. The presumption was that the temporal increase in hemoglobin may be due to AI therapy. Previous clinical trials have not reported an increase in hemoglobin in women receiving AI therapy for breast cancer. However, given the dramatic increase in hemoglobin in our 2 patients, we wished to test the hypothesis that inhibition of aromatase may lead to an increase in hemoglobin in postmenopausal women receiving AI therapy for breast cancer. The Cooper University Hospital Tumor Registry was used as a source of potential subjects. Women over the age of 50 years, diagnosed with ER+ nonmetastatic breast cancer between 2002 and 2006 were identified. Women included for study were postmenopausal, and treated with breast surgery +/− local radiation. Women receiving chemotherapy were excluded because of the potential effect of chemotherapy or therapeutic erythropoietin on the hemoglobin level. In order to be included for study, women needed to have a hemoglobin prior to surgery or prior to starting anti-estrogen therapy and at least 3 hemoglobin measurements over a minimum of 12 months after starting anti-estrogen therapy. AI included anastrozole and exemestane. Of 123 charts available for review, 82 had inadequate data for analysis. 27 evaluable women received only an AI. The mean age was 67±8 years and 67% were stage I. The mean hemoglobin before and during AI therapy was 13.7±0.4 and 13.2±1.1 gm/dl, respectively (Mann Whitney, p&lt;0.09). 3/27 had an increase in hemoglobin after starting AI therapy by linear regression analysis (r ≥ 0.60). The increase in hemoglobin ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 gm/dl. As a control group, 11 women received tamoxifen rather than an AI. Mean age was 59±8 years and 54% were stage I. The mean hemoglobin before and during tamoxifen therapy was 13.0±1.0 and 12.8±0.8 gm/dl, respectively (Mann Whitney, p=0.53). 0/11 had an increase in hemoglobin by linear regression analysis (r &gt; 0.60). 2 additional women received tamoxifen which was subsequently changed to an AI, 1 of whom had a mean hemoglobin of 12.9±0.3 gm/dl on tamoxifen which increased to 14.9±0.4 gm/dl on exemestane (Mann Whitney, p&lt;0.05). 1 additional woman had a rise in hemoglobin of &gt; 1 gm/dl while on AI therapy which decreased back to baseline when switched to tamoxifen. In conclusion, although the numbers are small and the data retrospective, these data suggest that AI therapy may be associated with an increase in hemoglobin in a subgroup of women treated with AI therapy for localized breast cancer. Given that AI have not been shown to significantly increase the systemic androgen level, the mechanism for the increase in hemoglobin remains unclear. A well designed, prospective study is needed to determine if AI have an effect on hemoglobin in women being treated for breast cancer.

scholarly journals Nurses' exposure to verbal abuse at a university hospital in Crete, Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Rikos ◽  
Demetra Telli ◽  
Athanasia Hatzinikolaou ◽  
Demetra Mantikou ◽  
Michael Rovithis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Background & Aim: The current study aimed to investigate workplace bullying, specifically verbal abuse of working nurses, and its consequences on the physical and psychological levels. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was designed and implemented in 151 nurses working at a university hospital. The survey was conducted in 2018 at a university hospital in Greece, and the Verbal Abuse Scale (G-AVQ v.0/2015) was used to assess the verbal abuse level. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied, and distributions were tested for their symmetry using Blom's method (QQ plot). Results: 88.1% were women as the mean age of all was 41.7 years and 16.1 years the mean length of employment. Almost all nurses (94.7%) reported experiencing verbal abuse, as 77.6% reported that the perpetrator was a patient's relative (p<0.05). Among cognitive assessment, coping, severity of effects, and strength of feeling, coping had the highest mean value the highest mean value, while severity of effects had the lowest (2.52 vs. 1.83, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that frequency of verbal abuse type has a significant correlation with higher coping (β=0.28, p=0.007) and strength of feeling values (β=0.29, p=0.010). Similarly, the severity of verbal abuse type has a significant correlation with higher strength of feeling values (β=0.30, p=0.014). Conclusion: Almost all the nurses reported experiencing verbal abuse as the 'patients' relatives were the main perpetrators. Although the nurses seem to cope with verbal abuse successfully, this fact is described as stressful. Moreover, the frequency, severity of verbal abuse, and consequences are correlated to the emotions that arise from it.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with RANTES Concentration in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Kamińska ◽  
Anna Lisowska ◽  
Anna Milewska ◽  
Tomasz Hirnle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Coronary Risk Factors ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
The Mean

Objective.The aim of the study was to establish, by means of linear regressions analysis, whether RANTES and CCL2 have a relationship with age, sex, heart rate, ejection fraction, white blood cells count, monocyte count, platelet count, mean platelet volume, hsCRP concentration, creatinine and eGFR value, applied treatments, and coronary risk factors in polish cardiovascular disease patients.Methods.Plasma chemokines concentrations were measured by ELISA method (R&D Systems Europe Ltd., Abingdon, England) in 115 cardiovascular disease patients (83 myocardial infarction/AMI and 32 stable angina/SA) and in the control group (N=25).Results.Univariate linear regression analysis found that (1) for men mean RANTES plasma level is 1.56 times higher as compared to women; (2) if patient’s age increases by 1 year, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 1.4%; (3) if CCL2 concentration increases by 10 pg/mL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 3.3%; (4) if hsCRP concentration increases by 1 mg/L, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 1.0%. By means of multiple linear regression analysis we found that (1) for men the mean plasma RANTES concentration value increases 1.89 times as compared to women; (2) if CCL2 concentration increases by 10 pg/mL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 3.4%; (3) if MPV increases by 1 fL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 12%, if other model parameters are fixed. For CCL2 we did not obtain statistically significant linear regression models.Conclusion.Due to high variability of obtained CCL2 concentrations, it seems that RANTES better reflects the presence of the atherosclerotic lesion than CCL2. RANTES as a marker of atherosclerotic process may be an important therapeutic target, and the assessment of RANTES concentration should be interpreted depending on patient’s sex, age, platelet hyperactivity state, hsCRP, and CCL2 concentration.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Bactericidal Activity and Serogroup-Specific Immunoglobulin G Concentration for Adults, Toddlers, and Infants Immunized with Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Vaccines

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sikkema ◽  
Keith E. Friedman ◽  
Bartholomew Corsaro ◽  
Alan Kimura ◽  
Stephen W. Hildreth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Specific Igg

ABSTRACT A new meningococcal group C-CRM197 conjugate vaccine (MnCC; Meningitec) has been evaluated in multiple clinical trials in the United States and most recently has been approved for routine administration in the United Kingdom. Meningococcal serogroup C (MnC)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in pre- and postimmunization sera obtained from healthy U.S. adults, toddlers, and infants were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by an antibody-dependent, complement-mediated serum bactericidal assay (SBA). Serogroup-specific IgG antibody (micrograms per milliliter) in adults immunized either with the quadrivalent polysaccharide (A, C, Y, and W-135) vaccine or with MnCC showed a strong correlation (r = 0.848 and 0.934, respectively) by linear regression analysis with SBA. Sera from infants immunized with the MnCC (n = 30) and an age-matched unimmunized control group (n = 15) were also analyzed. Linear regression analysis of serum bactericidal and IgG ELISA data from sera obtained at 2 months of age (preimmunization) showed no correlation; however, a high degree of correlation was observed at time points after two (r = 0.877) and three (r = 0.951) immunizations, where significant rises in anti-MnC polysaccharide antibodies occurred relative to the age-matched control group. Infants previously primed with 3 doses of MnCC were given a booster dose of conjugate vaccine at 12 to 15 months of age. The correlation coefficient of ELISA to SBA for combined pre- and postbooster data wasr = 0.836 (n = 48 pairs). In conclusion, increases in serum bactericidal activity in immunized adult, toddler, and infant populations were found to correlate very well with increases in serogroup-specific IgG concentrations, whereas the correlation between these two assays in nonimmunized 2-month-old infants was poor. Characterizing the relationship between these methods is important for understanding the significance of antigen-specific antibody concentrations relative to vaccine performance and protection from disease.

scholarly journals Changes in Blood Pressure Levels in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 704-709
Author(s):  
Aneesh K.V.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstructions during sleep. Recent studies suggest that OSA is independently associated with hypertension. So, the current study was done to analyse the relationship between OSA and blood pressure changes and to determine as to what extent OSA is independently contributing to those changes. This was to highlight the importance of the need for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients with OSA. METHODS 97 patients with symptoms of OSA were selected. Following polysomnography, patients were grouped into two: OSA patients with Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥ 5 and controls (AHI < 5). Linear regression analysis was done to find out the independent effect of exposure variables (age, body mass index (BMI), AHI etc.) on the outcome the variable (blood pressure) RESULTS Systolic BP was significantly high in OSA patients (154.84 ± 15.89) compared to control group (132.00 ± 11.45). Diastolic BP was significantly high in OSA patients (90.63 ± 7.87) compared to control group (85.13 ± 5.95). Linear regression analysis showed that for each unit change in AHI, systolic blood pressure changed by 0.406 independent of other factors and for each unit change in desaturation index, diastolic blood pressure changed by 0.111 independent of other factors. CONCLUSIONS The blood pressure levels both systolic and diastolic were significantly elevated in patients with OSA. Increase in AHI was independently associated with increase in systolic blood pressure and the increase in desaturation index was independently associated with increase in diastolic blood pressure. Since OSA is a highly prevalent and highly underdiagnosed condition, the current study emphasises the importance of screening for OSA, so that with early diagnosis and prompt treatment the development and progression of cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension can be reduced. KEYWORDS OSA, Sleep Apnoea, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Sleep Fragmentation

scholarly journals Comparison of self-esteem and depression among fertile and infertile women

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
Akani Ruth ◽  
Akinyemi Akintayo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infertile Women

AimsThis study aimed to explore the effect of infertility on self–esteem and depression, and to identify the sociodemographic and infertility characteristics associated with self-esteem and depression among infertile women in Ekiti State, Nigeria.MethodSelf-esteem and depression were assessed in 100 infertile women and 100 women seeking family planning (controls) using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. PHQ-9 score ≥10 was defined as major depressive disorder (MDD). Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables as frequency (percentage). Cases and controls were compared using Student's t test. χ2 or Fisher's exact (when cell size <5) tests were performed to compare proportions. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between the sociodemographic, infertility characteristics and RSES or PHQ-9 scores among infertile womenResultInfertile women had significantly lower RSES score (19.4 ± 4.5 vs. 20.7 ± 4.4, p = 0.038) and higher PHQ-9 score (5.1 ± 4.1 vs 3.8 ± 3.5, p = 0.023) compared to controls. Seventeen infertile women (17%) and 8 women in the control group (8%) had MDD (PHQ-9 score ≥10) and were referred for further evaluation. Among infertile women, marital status, being remarried, duration of infertility, and RSES score were associated with PHQ-9 score on simple linear regression. Similar association was not seen in the controls. On multiple linear regression analysis, RSES score had a negative association with PHQ-9 score (β = -0.32, p < 0.001) among infertile women. Older age [OR (95% CI):1.13 (1.01–1.25); p = 0.030], ≤6 years formal education [OR (95% CI): 4.76 (1.13–20.00); p = 0.033], being remarried [OR (95% CI): 10.87 (1.86–63.64); p = 0.008], longer duration of infertility [OR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.01–1.22); p = 0.040] and RSES score [OR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.67–0.92); p = 0.003] were significantly associated with MDD. On multiple logistic regression analysis, only the association between RSES score and MDD remained statistically significant (p = 0.004)ConclusionInfertile women have lower self-esteem and higher depression scores in comparison to women seeking family planning. Mental health screening and management should be an integral part of care administered to infertile women

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