scholarly journals IMPACT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND DIET THERAPY ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
B. Premagowri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Post Test

Lifestyle modications including alteration of diet and physical activity are the rst lines of management during diabetes. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of nutrition education on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics. Around 410 newly detected type 2 diabetics were selected and socio-economic, anthropometric, dietary survey and biochemical data were collected by using the standard interview schedule. Programmed nutrition education using Information Communication Technology (ICT) were conducted to all the selected subjects. Using questionnaire, pre and post test was conducted to nd the knowledge improvement on diabetes management. The mean scores 9.90±1.60 obtained in pre-test were increased to 17.85 ±1.15 after nutrition education. For the selected subjects without hypoglycemic drugs, fasting blood glucose reduced by 27.92mg/dl (t= 8.612), post prandial blood glucose reduced by 53.94mg/dl (t= 14.442) and HbA1c reduced by 0.55% (t= 13.987). Thus, imparting nutrition education through ICT tools was found to be effective in improving the level of nutrition knowledge.

Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetics with Sickle Cell Plus β-Thalassemia Hemoglobinopathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri M Kosecki ◽  
Philip T Rodgers ◽  
Martha B Adams
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Disease

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of diabetes management in a patient with a hemoglobinopathy that caused her clinician to seek a different measure of glycemic control, fructosamine, rather than glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old African American woman presented with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, seizure disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, and sickle cell disease plus β-thalassemia. She reported fasting blood glucose values ranging broadly from 50 to 320 mg/dL, yet her HbA1c result remained steady in a low range of >6%. A measure of fructosamine returned elevated at 340 μmol/L (reference range 200–300%). DISCUSSION: We believe that this patient's hemoglobinopathy resulted in falsely low levels of HbA1c, and we substantiate this interpretation with the patient's self-monitored blood glucose values from home that appeared higher and inconsistent with the HbA1c results. Although few reports on using the measure of fructosamine appear in the literature, this patient's high fructosamine result supports fructosamine as the more appropriate measure of glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: Serum fructosamine levels may be considered as an appropriate laboratory measurement when monitoring long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sickle cell disease.

scholarly journals Yoga as a Complementary Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Design and Rationale of the Healthy, Active, and in Control (HA1C) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Herpreet Thind ◽  
Joseph L. Fava ◽  
Kate M. Guthrie ◽  
Laura Stroud ◽  
Geetha Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose

Abstract Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. For most patients, medication alone is not sufficient to achieve glycemic control; attention must also be paid to multiple healthy behaviors including diet, regular physical activity, and stress management. Yoga, a mindfulness practice with emphasis on relaxation, meditation, and deep breathing, may have special relevance to people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Yoga practice may positively affect stress and other self-care tasks that will contribute to improved glycemic control. The Healthy, Active, and in Control (HA1C) study is designed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of yoga among adult patients with T2DM. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, adults with T2DM were randomly assigned to either a 12-week Iyengar Yoga intervention given twice weekly, or a twice-weekly 12-week program of traditional exercise (e.g., walking, stationary cycling). Assessments are conducted at the end of treatment (12 weeks) and at 3 and 6 months postintervention. The HA1C study will assess feasibility and acceptability (e.g., attendance/retention rates, satisfaction with program), glycemic outcomes (e.g., HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose), and changes in physiological (e.g., salivary cortisol) and behavioral factors (e.g., physical activity, diet) relevant to the management of T2DM. Focus groups are conducted at the end of the intervention to explore participants' experience with the program and their perception of the potential utility of yoga for diabetes management.

scholarly journals Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-dose zinc supplement on glycemic control for type-2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Carine Ronsmans ◽  
Benjamin Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Although previous studies suggested the protective effect of zinc for type-2 diabetes, the unitary causal effect remains inconclusive. Objective: We investigated the causal effect of zinc as a single intervention on glycemic control in type-2 diabetes patients, using a systematic review of RCTs and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: Four outcomes were identified: fasting blood glucose/fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum insulin/fasting insulin level. In the systematic review, four databases were searched up to June 2021. Results were synthesized through the random-effects meta-analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are independent and are strongly related to zinc supplements were selected from MR-base to perform the two-sample MR with inverse-variance weighted (IVW) coefficient. Results: In the systematic review, 14 trials were included. The zinc supplement led to a significant reduction in the post-trial mean of fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): -26.52, 95%CI: -35.13, -17.91), HbA1C (MD: -0.52, 95%CI: -0.90, -0.13), and HOMA-IR (MD: -1.65, 95%CI: -2.62, -0.68), compared to the control group. In the two-sample MR, zinc supplement with 2 SNPs associated with lower fasting glucose (IVW coefficient: -2.04, 95%CI: -3.26, -0.83), but not specified type-2 diabetes. Conclusion: Although the study was limited by the few trials (review) and SNPs (two-sample MR), we demonstrated that the single zinc supplementary improved glycemic control among type-2 diabetes patients with causal evidence to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Utilizing Technology-Enabled Intervention to Improve Blood Glucose Self-Management Outcome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Initiated on Insulin Therapy: A Retrospective Real-World Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jian Lin ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Yuxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Premixed Insulin ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Self Monitoring

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of a mobile-enabled app through Lilly Connected Care Program (LCCP) in achieving blood glucose control and adhering to self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. This retrospective study included T2DM patients who were initiated on insulin therapy (mostly premixed insulin) after failure to respond to oral antidiabetic drugs. Patients were provided with glucometers enabled with synchronous data transmission to healthcare providers and family members. The primary objective was to assess the benefits of LCCP based on changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial glucose (PPG) levels from baseline to 12 weeks. Paired t-test was used to assess the change in blood glucose (BG) from baseline to week 12. Results. In total, 14,085 T2DM patients were recruited. Compared with baseline, significant reductions in FBG and PPG were evident at week 12 (FBG: -0.39 mmol/L; PPG: −0.79 mmol/L; both P < 0.001 ). Furthermore, at week 12, the proportion of patients attaining a target glucose level of FBG <7.0 mmol/L and PPG <10.0 mmol/L was 25.37% and 59.68%, respectively, with a statistically significant increase compared with that at baseline (6.74% and 45.59%, respectively, both P < 0.001 ). The frequent monitoring of patients could gain a higher target achievement of FBG (28.1% vs 24.2%) and PPG (64.4% vs 55.1%) than the occasional monitoring patients. Additionally, the incidence of hypoglycemia gradually decreased and was significantly lower than the baseline level. Conclusions. In T2DM patients with poor glycemic control, the application of mobile enabled intervention (LCCP) along with insulin significantly reduced the hypoglycemia while improving glycemic control during period of naïve initiating insulin therapy. Additionally, the high frequency of BG self-monitoring was associated with better glycemic control.

Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Pharmacists in Primary Care Clinics

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Coast-Senior ◽  
Beverly A Kroner ◽  
Catherine L Kelley ◽  
Lauren E Trilli
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of clinical pharmacists involved in direct patient care on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Eligible patients included those with type 2 diabetes who received insulin or were initiated on insulin therapy by the pharmacists and were willing to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose. The pharmacists provided diabetes education, medication counseling, monitoring, and insulin initiation and/or adjustments. All initial patient interactions with the pharmacists were face-to-face. Thereafter, patient–pharmacist interactions were either face-to-face or telephone contacts. SETTING: Two primary care clinics in a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Study subjects were patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to the pharmacists by their primary care providers for better glycemic control. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome variables were changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and random blood glucose measurements. Secondary outcomes were the number and severity of symptomatic episodes of hypoglycemia, and the number of emergency room visits or hospitalizations related to diabetes. Twenty-three veterans aged 65 ± 9.4 years completed the study. Fifteen (65%) patients were initiated on insulin by the pharmacists; 8 (35%) were already using insulin. Patients were followed for a mean ± SD of 27 ± 10 weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose concentrations, and random blood glucose concentrations significantly decreased from baseline by 2.2% (p = 0.00004), 65 mg/dL (p < 0.01), and 82 mg/dL (p = 0.00001), respectively. Symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes occurred in 35% of patients. None of these episodes required physician intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that pharmacists working as members of interdisciplinary primary care teams can positively impact glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin.

scholarly journals The Impact of Family Support on Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Chigozie Gloria Anene-Okeke ◽  
Maxwell Ogochukwu Adibe ◽  
Chinwe Victoria Ukwe ◽  
Cletus Nze Aguwa
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Impact

Background: Diabetes management rarely target family support as a means of promoting diabetes self-care behaviour among adults. The potential influence of family member on individuals with Type 2 diabetes has not been fully explored. The study aims to examine the impact of family support on medication adherence and glycemic control of their Type 2 diabetes out-patients in a tertiary hospital.Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional survey conducted on Type 2 diabetes out-patients attending endocrinology clinic at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) between October 2013 and April 2014. The Diabetes Family Behavioral Checklist (DFBC-13) was used to assess family support while the MMAS-8 (Morisky medication Adherence Scale) was used to assess medication adherence. Fasting blood glucose readings were obtained from patients’ case files.Data were analysed using SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 16 and level of statistical significance set at p<0.05. Result:  A total number of 250 patients were assessed. The mean score for family support was 42 of 65 (range 13 to 65). Family support score (diet, glucose, exercise, diabetic self-care) associated with educational status (socio-demographic characteristics) r = 0.171** p = 0.007. Family support was inversely correlated to adherence and glycemic control (-0.161**, P = 0.011, r = -0.098, p = 0.147) respectively. Medication adherence was low as only 1.6% of the respondents adhered to their medication.Conclusion: Family support had little influence on medication adherence and glycemic control.

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