scholarly journals FNAC AS A TOOL IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BCG INDUCED LYMPHADENITIS-AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE.

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
P. Sravani ◽  
C. Bhavani ◽  
V. Sivasankara Naik ◽  
M. Neeraja
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tuberculosis is a major cause of mobility and mortality in developing countries including India.BCG vaccine has been in use since 1921 and is considered to be one of the safest vaccines with self limited regional Lymphadenopathy being the most common complication. Objectives: The present study aims toevaluate the efficacy and cytomorphological patterns of BCG lymphadenitis. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of Government Medical College / Government General Hospital, Anantapuramu, during the period January 2017 to December 2019. Patients with suspected ipsilaterallymphnodal enlargement after BCG vaccination and age ranging from two months to two years , who were referred for FNAC, were included in this study. FNAs of 17 patients were studied in the present study. FNAC was performed by using a 10 mL syringe with a 23 g needle. Smears were stained with H& E stain (Haematoxylin and Eosin)and ZN ( Ziehl –nelson )stain.The data collected was entered into an Excelsheet and analyzed. Results: Cytology slides prepared were studied, interpreted, and the diagnosis made was analyzed.A total of 17 cases were studied with the mean age of 6.24 months. Majority of the patients were males seen in 64.71% of cases. Ipsilateral Axillary lymphnode was the most common site involved seen in 82.35% cases.Pus was aspirated in 76.47% of cases.On microscopic examination diffuse necrosis with degenerated cellswas the predominant cytological pattern seen in nine (52.94%) cases. ZN stain showed Acid fast bacilli positivity in 15 cases. Conclusion: FNA cytology combined with clinical correlation is useful for diagnosis and management of BCG lymphadenitis.

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of government medical college in Agra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Khan I. Aqeel ◽  
S. K. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Background: Internet has become an essential part of one’s life in this modern era where technology is taking over the world. Risk of Internet addiction (IA) has increased in this year 2020, due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where most of time students are restricted to their homes thus relying on social media to be in touch with outer world, moreover surfing of web, as well as online learning practices increased their screen and internet exposure time. Hence, we conducted a study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of Government Medical College in Agra.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 medical undergraduate students of S.N. Medical College, Agra. A self-administered, pre-validated questionnaire was used and a total of 488 students responded. E-questionnaire consist of questions about demographic information and internet usage pattern, it also contains Young’s IA test scale to measure internet addiction. Data obtained was analyzed and inferences were drawn.Results: The prevalence of IA was 61.5%. Mean ± Standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 22.27±1.59 years and 48.36% were males. IA was significantly associated with male students, higher family income group and higher year of academic course. IA was also statistically significant with higher number of years since using internet, greater screen and internet usage time.Conclusion: Internet addiction is a growing problem among students of professional courses especially in medical colleges. IA has psychological, physical, and social impact on student’s life. So, it is necessary to develop strategies for prevention of internet addiction.

scholarly journals Frequency of CYP2C19*2 Allele in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study from Central Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ann George ◽  
Shibu Thadathil Sreedharan ◽  
Smitha Kalarikkal Satheesan ◽  
Sindhu Panakkaparambil Surendranath
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Variant Genotype ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Ischaemic Heart Diseases (IHD) are increasing at an alarming rate globally. Pharmacotherapy, the mainstay of management of IHD, has Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) at its crux. DAPT, comprising of clopidogrel and aspirin, is used often for 12 months in medically managed Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Clopidogrel being a prodrug, needs to be activated after ingestion, mainly by Cytochrome family of enzymes, for the desired pharmacological effects. Abnormal enzymes that convert clopidogrel to its active form can reduce the effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the enzymes involved, would predispose the patient to therapy failure and recurrence of the illness. This study aims at identifying the presence of a genetic variant associated with clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with ACS. Aim: To estimate the frequency of CYP2C19*2 allele in patients with ACS presenting to Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional study done among 60 patients who presented to Government Medical College, Thrissur with ACS, between June 2018 to June 2019. Having obtained informed consent from the participants blood samples were collected in Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) tubes. Samples were used to look for presence of CYP2C19*2 allele by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Out of 60 patients 38 were males and 22 were females. Most common age group was 61-65 years. The frequency of CYP2C19*2 allele was 41% in the study population and the variant genotype (AA/AG) was present in 62%. Conclusion: The variant genotype was found to be present in a high frequency in the study population implying the high risk for therapy failure in the study population. This asserts the need to probe the matter further, as the gene is also implicated in the metabolism of several other drugs. The introduction of pharmacogenomic testing prior to initiation of therapy may be therefore recommended for better treatment outcome. However, to validate the same, further studies with larger sample size may be necessary.

scholarly journals Position of parotid papilla and commissure of lip in relation to maxillary occlusal plane among patients visiting a tertiary care centre of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P Mehta ◽  
S Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edentulous Patients

Introduction: The exact position of the Parotid papilla and commissure of the lip plays a crucial role in determining the maxillary occlusal plane which directly facilitates rehabilitating edentulous patients with a removable complete denture. Since the beginning, many authors have conducted different studies regarding its position but multiple variations in its location have been noted. Also, this type of study has not been conducted in the Nepalese population which drags the urge to determine the position of these soft-tissue landmarks in context to the Nepalese population. Objective: To determine the position of parotid papilla and commissure of lip in relation to the maxillary occlusal plane. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the 45 dentate subjects visiting Nobel medical college from November 2019 to April 2020. A vestibular impression was made, stone index fabricated and vernier caliper was used to locate position of parotid papilla & commissure of lip. All the data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean measurement of distances between maxillary occlusal plane and parotid papilla was 3.69 ± 1.19 mm and between maxillary occlusal plane and commissure of lip was 0.41 ± 0.83 mm respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the position of the parotid papilla was superior to the position of the maxillary occlusal plane with a mean distance of 3.69mm. The commissure of lip was found to be at the level of maxillary occlusion plane in highest number of cases followed by a superior position with least at the inferior position with respect to the maxillary occlusal plane.

scholarly journals Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Gujarat: institution based cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Krutarth R. Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amul B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Background: Antimicrobial-resistant organisms are spreading worldwide, and the pipeline for new antimicrobials remains meager. The next generation of doctors must be better prepared to use antimicrobials more sparingly and appropriately.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of GMERS Medical College Junagadh from January to May 2017. Self-administered structured close ended questionnaire in English was used. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient, t test and ANOVA were used as tests of significance.Results: Total 130 students participated in the study. Participation of females (48.5%) and males (51.5%) was almost equal. Almost 60% participants had adequate knowledge about antimicrobial resistance. The mean antimicrobial resistance knowledge score of participants was 22.7 (SD: ±5.27, min: 8, max: 37).Conclusions:Important finding of the study was that just one forth of the participants agreed that information they have received so far in medical course regarding antimicrobial resistance is adequate. The budding doctors should receive correct, adequate information regarding antimicrobial resistance.  

scholarly journals Stress and Its Association With Involvement in Online Classes: A Cross-sectional Study Among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College, South India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohith Motappa ◽  
Malavika Sachith ◽  
Pracheth R
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
South India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundWith the implementation of lockdown and all students restricted to their houses, medical education has shifted towards the online mode. The objective of this study was to assess stress during the pandemic and the association between stress and involvement in online classes among students of a medical college in Mangalore, Karnataka, South India.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 undergraduate students at a medical college in Mangalore, Karnataka, South India. The extent of stress was assessed using a perceived stress scale (PSS), and a questionnaire was used to identify different stressors and to understand the participant’s involvement in online classes. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.ResultsIn this study, the mean perceived stress score was 21.66 ± 4. Moderate stress was observed in 262 (85%) students. The main stressors noted were inability to focus (173 (56.4%)) and fear of exams (153 (49.8%)). A significant association was noted between stress and involvement in online classes.ConclusionThis study thereby highlights the need for more attention to the various stressors among students and for making online classes student friendly.

Thyroidectomy Related Complications in Post-Thyroid Lobectomy (Unilateral) in Addition to Thyroid Isthmusectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3444-3445
Author(s):  
Sadaf Raffat Mustafa ◽  
Abdul Manan Khan ◽  
Wajih-ud-Din , Shinwari ◽  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Azmatullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
International Medical ◽  
Completion Thyroidectomy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Complication ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Lobectomy ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To identify thyroidectomy related complications in post-thyroid lobectomy (unilateral) in addition to isthmusectomy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of ENT, Islamic International Medical College, Islamabad from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020. Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled. These patients were those who have to undergo complete thyroidectomy post unilateral-thyroid lobectomy in addition to isthmusectomy. The age pf the patients was 16-72 years. Each patient’s demographic, clinical as well as surgical details were recorded and calcium tests were run. Results: There were 34 females and 26 males in this study. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 41.12±5.9 years. The mean BMI calculated of the patients was 25.4±2.5 kg/m2. Hypocalcaemia (transient) was identified 10% whereas 3.3% got seroma and 1.6% each suffered from transient voice hoarseness and hematoma in neck. Conclusion: Transient hypocalcaemia is the most frequent complication followed with seroma and hematoma. Keywords: Completion Thyroidectomy, Thyroid lobectomy, Thyroidectomy

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