scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF OVERALL CONSUMPTION LEVEL ON ROAD FATALITIES IN BRAZIL FROM 1996 TO 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Cassia Helena Marchon ◽  
Deive Ciro De Oliveira ◽  
Luciene Resende Gonçalves ◽  
Thiago Caliari Silva
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Road Fatality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Several studies in economics evidence the influence of economic activity on road accidents. This study contemplates this relationship for the case of Brazil, more precisely, we examine the relationship between road fatality rates and one measure of economic activity in particular: the overall level of consumption per capita. In Brazil, we observe a certain similarity in the evolutionary pattern between consumption and road fatalities. The empirical evidence presented in this paper suggests that most of the month-to-month variations in road fatality rates can be explained by seasonal fluctuations and variations in the consumption level of the current month and of a few preceding months. Controlling for seasonal fluctuations, variations in consumption answer for 22% of the month-to-month variations in road fatality rates according to the model proposed in this paper. These results preconize consideration of the level of economic activity when evaluating the effect of interventions in the Brazilian traffic context, under the risk of over or underestimation of their true effects. Equally important, the consideration of economic activity can contribute to the accuracy of forecasts related to traffic.  

An Econometric Analysis of the Links Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth

2009 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Yohannes G. Hailu ◽  
Tesfa G. Gebremedhin ◽  
Randall W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
County Level ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates temporal demographic changes and income inequalities, and more importantly the relationship between income inequality and economic growth inWest Virginia. Departing from earlier studies, a regional growth model is utilized and empirically tested using county level West Virginia data (1990-2000). Results suggest that per-capita income change is positively related to population and employment changes but negatively related to income inequality. This empirical evidence indicates that higher income inequality can potentially hinder economic growth.

Donors, dictators and democrats in Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
External Support ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Contrary View ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

African countries are among those receiving the most foreign aid per capita. Many detractors blame that aid for encouraging dictatorship and undermining democracy. This article takes a contrary view. It analyses the relationship between the amount of development assistance given to sub-Saharan countries in the 1990s, and changes in their political systems. There is empirical evidence that arbitrary, unrepresentative government diminished in Africa. The data also suggest a positive, though small, correlation between development assistance and democratisation in the 1990s. The issue now facing many African countries is how to consolidate and extend these reforms on their own, with less external support.

scholarly journals Quantitative and incidental analysis of road accidents No. (6) Section (1)

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Dr. Jamal Hamed Rashid Al Dulaimi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Spatial analysis of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d' Represent traffic accidents and the resulting human and material losses with significant implications for the national economy through the resulting from the steadily growing in accidents. The purpose of the preparation of this message, highlighting the importance of the road to Baghdad - Cote in between Baghdad and Khafezh Wasit and cons of accidents and the problems caused by the extent of their capacity to satisfy the need of users in the study area private towing General because this road is a product of the development in the study area , reaching Total length of road ( 172 / km) a reflection of the level of development and economic activity, which reached the region as well as the fact that this road is the basis for the implementation of many projects of economic and development across the two provinces and Iraq also aimed message to determine the extent of the impact of geographic factors positively and negatively on the network, in order to finding the relationship between the road as a phenomenon of geography and the surroundings of the elements of natural and human in its schedule, and the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and features and follow the development dimensions of the road , and explore patterns in the light of the changes spatial in the  territory of the study and evaluation of geography as a reflection of the extent of its development economically and socially in the study area,In order to achieve these goals varied ways curriculum known followed by the researcher , in keeping with the nature of the topics in the course of the search, The study of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d' distribution and causes and effects that appear as a result of such incidents so contained study carries four chapters and ensure each chapter , including a number of detective first chapter three detectives , first , for example , use historical approach when pursuing the origins and evolution of roads and the second part the use of the curriculum fundamentalist , which dealt with geographical factors that have affected the road network , which turned out to be an impact and role in causing the accident and then in Section III of the research study of human factors and their impact on the way the study area and traffic accidents.                  

scholarly journals Deforestation of the Atlantic Forest in the state of Ceará: analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve from panel data, 2011 to 2017

2022 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Leitão de Sousa ◽  
Guilherme Irffi ◽  
Moisés Dias Gomes de Asevedo
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
The State ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the relationship between the deforestation of the Atlantic Forest and economic activity, under the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, considering the municipalities of the state of Ceará. For this, it is estimated a Tobit model for panel data, in the period from 2011 until 2017, considering the GDP per capita and controlling for associated factors with both deforestation and environmental protection. Unlike the expectations, the population density and cattle farming soften deforestation activity. The evidence found for the relationship between deforestation and GDP per capita rejects the “Inverted-U” hypothesis, and yes, suggests the “N” format, indicating that deforestation in the region may be cyclical. Therefore, there are no indications to ensure that the economic activity of the municipalities analyzed assure by itself the environmental protection and sustainable use of the Atlantic Forest and associated ecosystems in the state of Ceará.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

Anti-Ideology of Entrepreneurship as an Attribute of Entrepreneurial Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 830-839
Author(s):  
E. Ya. Litau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The presented study examines and develops theoretical and methodological foundations that make it possible to distinguish innovative entrepreneurship among other economic phenomena.Tasks. The author identifies the specific features of entrepreneurship and its qualitative differences from other types of economic activity aimed at obtaining benefits, specifies the relationship between creative destruction and economic development, determines the attributes of innovative entrepreneurship.Methods. This study uses systematic analysis of professional literature on entrepreneurship to highlight the main attributes of entrepreneurial activity. The methodology of dialectical contradiction in its original Hegelian interpretation plays an important role in elaborating and substantiating the definition of entrepreneurship. The author considers innovative activity as creation of new values, which, according to the logic of dialectical development, destroy the old ones, triggering the process of economic development.Results. An approach to understanding the phenomenon of entrepreneurship is proposed, making it possible to distinguish this type of activity as significantly different from other types of economic activity, which may be externally similar but have different content. During the development of this approach, the concept of “anti-ideology” of entrepreneurship is introduced, which reflects the essence of innovative activity as a process of creative destruction. The necessary and sufficient attributes of entrepreneurial innovation are identified, making it possible to reflect the meaning of this phenomenon and verify this complex defining structural element in the system of economic relations. The study substantiates that the level of anti-ideology and public benefit can be used as criteria for assessing the significance of an entrepreneurial idea. A progressive model of anti-idea realization (PMA) is proposed based on the methodological principle. It can be used to develop an efficient system for evaluating startups within the framework of venture capitalism.Conclusions. Specification of the relationship between creative destruction and economic development is crucial to understanding the importance of innovative entrepreneurship. Each historical period creates its own demand for a specific type of entrepreneurs. The principle of anti-ideology, which lies at the heart of the PMA model, is key in identifying competitive commercial ideas, making it possible to focus resources and attention on projects that can make a significant contribution to economic development.

Zachowania nabywców na rynku certyfikowanej żywności dla niemowląt i małych dzieci

2016 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Dominika Kuberska ◽  
Karolina Suchta
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to unveil the specifics of consumer behavior on the certified baby food market, in particular with regard to their determinants. A questionnaire was used as a tool to conduct this study. A unique nature of the relationship between the buyer and the consumer on the market (a mother and a child) could have influenced the results obtained. Price is not the key determinant of behavior of buyers on the market. In addition, there is no correlation between the net income per capita and household expenditure on certified baby food.

Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schnider
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Standards

This chapter summarizes current interpretations of all forms of confabulations discussed in the book and reviews the relationship between the four forms of memory-related confabulations. Experimental investigation has confirmed the dissociation between various types of false memories and considerably advanced the understanding of the mechanisms of some forms of confabulation, in particular behaviourally spontaneous confabulation and false statements in anosognosia. Overall, experimental evidence is scarce; many models have no controlled experimental basis or extend their proposed range of application well beyond the empirical evidence. The chapter concludes with a call for heightened respect of basic scientific standards in the research on confabulation.

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