scholarly journals Motion-Induced Imbalance of Contact Impedance in ECG Capture: Comparison of Electrode Materials in Capacitive Coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian Meyer ◽  
Oliver Amft ◽  
Daisuke Anzai ◽  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Dynamic Variation ◽  
Incompressible Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Overall Performance

Differences in contact impedance of the ECG measurement electrodes lead to asymmetries of the signal paths and thus result in reduced common-mode rejection and artifacts. Here, the imbalance of contact impedance is investigated for<br>different types of electrodes with capacitive coupling in terms of static imbalance as well as dynamic variation during body movement. Flexible and incompressible materials like conductive foam and fabric showed the best overall performance. The negative effect of rigidity can partly be compensated by adding conducting foam, while soft materials can profit from an increase of electrode area. <br>

scholarly journals Motion-Induced Imbalance of Contact Impedance in ECG Capture: Comparison of Electrode Materials in Capacitive Coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian Meyer ◽  
Oliver Amft ◽  
Daisuke Anzai ◽  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Dynamic Variation ◽  
Incompressible Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Overall Performance

Differences in contact impedance of the ECG measurement electrodes lead to asymmetries of the signal paths and thus result in reduced common-mode rejection and artifacts. Here, the imbalance of contact impedance is investigated for<br>different types of electrodes with capacitive coupling in terms of static imbalance as well as dynamic variation during body movement. Flexible and incompressible materials like conductive foam and fabric showed the best overall performance. The negative effect of rigidity can partly be compensated by adding conducting foam, while soft materials can profit from an increase of electrode area. <br>

scholarly journals Motion-Induced Imbalance of Contact Impedance in ECG Capture: Comparison of Electrode Materials in Capacitive Coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian Meyer ◽  
Oliver Amft ◽  
Daisuke Anzai ◽  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Dynamic Variation ◽  
Incompressible Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Overall Performance

Differences in contact impedance of the ECG measurement electrodes lead to asymmetries of the signal paths and thus result in reduced common-mode rejection and artifacts. Here, the imbalance of contact impedance is investigated for<br>different types of electrodes with capacitive coupling in terms of static imbalance as well as dynamic variation during body movement. Flexible and incompressible materials like conductive foam and fabric showed the best overall performance. The negative effect of rigidity can partly be compensated by adding conducting foam, while soft materials can profit from an increase of electrode area. <br>

Motion-Induced Imbalance of Contact Impedance in ECG Capture: Comparison of Electrode Materials in Capacitive Coupling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian Meyer ◽  
Oliver Amft ◽  
Daisuke Anzai ◽  
Jianqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Contact Impedance

Effects of ball properties on throwing in young team-handball beginners

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110236
Author(s):  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Benjamin Noël ◽  
André Nicklas ◽  
Fabian Lukac ◽  
Stefanie Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Participants

Throwing a ball is a primary skill in team-handball and can be directly influenced by the properties of different types of balls. Therefore, the use of different balls (i.e., methodic ball) recommended by the handball federations (e.g., IHF) and the education guidelines, are important in teaching throwing. Previous studies have shown that movement patterns and throwing velocity can be influenced by different ball types and sizes. However, the influence of these factors on throwing accuracy has not been investigated in detail yet. This study aims to replicate the findings of previous studies on increasing throwing velocity in children by comparing the use of a soft methodic ball with a size 0 handball. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of these balls on throwing accuracy. In an experimental study, participants (10-years of age) threw a soft methodic ball and a size 0 ball at target areas in a handball goal. For all the throws, throwing velocity and accuracy were measured. Commensurate with previous research, throwing velocity was higher for the soft methodic ball compared to a size 0 ball. No difference was found in accuracy, although, it is worth mentioning that the participants were only experienced in throwing using the size 0 ball. Moreover, only one-third of the children favored throwing with a size 0 ball, which is what they are used to in training and competition. The results of our study, therefore, confirm that using soft methodic balls additionally, positively influences the throwing velocity and has no negative effect on the accuracy in throwing among young handball beginners.

Bejan’s Constructal Theory Analysis of Gas-Liquid Cooled Finned Modules

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Lorenzini ◽  
Simone Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Constructal Theory ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance

High performance heat exchangers represent nowadays the key of success to go on with the trend of miniaturizing electronic components as requested by the industry. This numerical study, based on Bejan’s Constructal theory, analyzes the thermal behavior of heat removing fin modules, comparing their performances when operating with different types of fluids. In particular, the simulations involve air and water (as representative of gases and liquids), to understand the actual benefits of employing a less heat conductive fluid involving smaller pressure losses or vice versa. The analysis parameters typical of a Constructal description (such as conductance or Overall Performance Coefficient) show that significantly improved performances may be achieved when using water, even if an unavoidable increase in pressure losses affects the liquid-refrigerated case. Considering the overall performance: if the parameter called Relevance tends to 0, air prevails; if it tends to 1, water prevails; if its value is about 0.5, water prevails in most of the case studies.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

scholarly journals Chirality, Gelation Ability and Crystal Structure: Together or Apart? Alkyl Phenyl Ethers of Glycerol as Simple LMWGs

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Bredikhin ◽  
Aidar T. Gubaidullin ◽  
Zemfira A. Bredikhina ◽  
Robert R. Fayzullin ◽  
Olga A. Lodochnikova
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chiral Recognition ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Gelators ◽  
Phenyl Ethers

Chiral recognition plays an important role in the self-assembly of soft materials, in particular supramolecular organogels formed by low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs). Out of 14 pairs of the studied racemic and enantiopure samples of alkyl-substituted phenyl ethers of glycerol, only eight enantiopure diols form the stable gels in nonane. The formation of gels from solutions was studied by polarimetry, and their degradation with the formation of xerogels was studied by the PXRD method. The revealed crystalline characteristics of all studied xerogels corresponded to those for crystalline samples of the parent gelators. In addition to those previously investigated, crystalline samples of enantiopure para-n-alkylphenyl glycerol ethers [alkyl = pentyl (5), hexyl (6), heptyl (7), octyl (8), nonyl (9)] and racemic 3-(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol (rac-14) have been examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Among 22 samples of compounds 1-14 studied by SC-XRD, seven different types of supramolecular motifs are identified, of which only two are realized in crystals of supramolecular gelators. An attempt was made to relate the ability to gel formation with the characteristics of the supramolecular motif of a potential gelling agent, and the frequency of formation of the motif, required for gelation, with the chiral characteristics of the sample.

Marketing's Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework

1987 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orville C. Walker ◽  
Robert W. Ruekert
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Research Propositions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The authors review and integrate various theoretical perspectives, normative statements, and pieces of empirical evidence about the organizational structures and processes best suited for implementing different types of business strategies. Particular emphasis is given to the relationship of different types of structure, processes, and policies involved in the performance of marketing activities to the overall performance of different business strategies. Several specific research propositions are developed.

The effects of timbre on absolute pitch judgment

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Test Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Very High

This article reports the high prevalence of Absolute Pitch (AP) among students at Shanghai Conservatory of Music and explores the effects of timbre on AP judgment through a large-scale direct-test study. This study used two types of timbres (piano timbre and string timbre) to explore the correlation between the different types of timbre and note-naming accuracy. The participants included 71 undergraduate students majoring in piano and string at Shanghai Conservatory of Music, who had begun musical training at an age ⩽ 9 and focused on Western tonal music. The main results showed that the overall performance levels were very high and that the students scored 73% correct without semitone errors and 80% with semitone errors. All groups exhibited higher performance in judging pitches in piano timbre than string timbre. In addition, after listening to piano timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in string timbre was significantly increased, and after listening to string timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in piano timbre decreased but not significantly.

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