scholarly journals Status prawny sekt destrukcyjnych oraz nowych ruchów religijnych działających na obszarze Polski

2017 ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Celina M. Masek
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Members ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Religious Sects

Since the beginning of the 90’s there have been strong emotions associated with the emergence of many groups called cults in Poland. These groups are accused of illicit and unethical methods to recruit new members and their psychological dependence, resulting in blind obedience to leaders. Sects, carrying out their activities in the form of various types of religious formations, religious associations, churches and other religious organizations, brought to life after 1989 in Poland, operate on the basis of three acts, which include: 1. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 ; 2. The Act on Guarantees of freedom of conscience and religion of 17 May 1989; 3. Act of April 7, 1989 r.- Law on Associations. Given the range of opinions and concerns regarding the issue of regulation of sects in Poland this question , posed in particular by the lawyer, of the legal status of the activities of religious sects , and in a broader aspect of their place in the modern world, seems to be reasonable, what is confirmed by the media , but mostly by the facts of the activities of these groups in society. As for the international standards, nowadays there are more and more information about the negative effects of the activity of sects throughout the world, what raised interest of social institutions and the authorities of individual countries in this subject. It encouraged the authorities to create an overall analysis to assess the degree of harmfulness of newly established movements, both in a national and international level. Especially in the late eighties of the twentieth century all kinds of reports and other documents devoted to the problem of sects and new religious movements began to appear. The theme was taken also by the representatives of Communities: Council of Europe, the European Union, as well as organs of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. These acts are only recommendations. They are mainly opinion- forming acts and have no legal force. However, in countries, they are crucial, because they are issued by important authorities To sum up, the activity of sects arouses interest in Europe. Although each country has different guidelines and varied range of impact, collaboration is indispensable nowadays.

scholarly journals Status prawny mniejszości narodowych w Republice Słowackiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Położenie mniejszości narodowych na terenie Republiki Słowackiej regulują liczne akty prawne. Wśród nich znajdują się dokumenty przyjmowane na gruncie krajowym oraz rozwiązania o charakterze międzynarodowym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie treści najważniejszych ustaw oraz dokumentów, które wpływają na położenie mniejszości narodowych na Słowacji, a także przybliżenie reakcji organizacji międzynarodowych na wprowadzane przez Bratysławę regulacje prawne. The legal status of national minorities in the Slovak Republic The location of national minorities in the territory of the Slovak Republic is regulated by numerous national acts, the most important of which are the constitution, the law on the use of national minority languages and the law on the state language. References to national minorities can be found in many other acts, such as the Act on counteracting discrimination, the Act on Upbringing and Education and the Act on Radio and Television. The issue of minorities is also raised in bilateral agreements, an example of which is the agreement on good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Hungary. The legal situation of minorities in Slovakia is also influenced by international organizations to which Bratislava belongs. In this case, the Council of Europe’s most significant influence, the European Union, the Central European Initiative and the United Nations. Over the years, the Slovak authorities have also created institutions responsible for activities for national minorities, and among them, an important function is performed by the Government Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic for National Minorities. This article aims to analyse the legal acts and institutions regulating the legal status of national minorities in Slovakia. The publication is also intended to show that the issue of minorities is covered in many legal solutions, and the Slovak authorities have developed a system of protection and support for this community over the years. The author used the institutional and legal method.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
The Uk

ANNOTATION. Problematic aspects of defining the tasks and place of the prosecutor's office, as well as the foreign strategy of improving the organization of the prosecutor's office are highlighted. The experience of foreign countries of the developed democracy, concerning the work of the prosecutor's office for its implementation in the legislation of Ukraine, the history of its origin and its modern purpose are analyzed. On the basis of a comparative study of foreign prosecutor's offices data on their place in the system of government, type of model and basic functions are given, which gives an idea of the role and directions of development of the prosecutor's office in the leading countries of the modern world. It is stated that the modern Prosecutor's Office of France is referred to the executive branch of power and reports to the Ministry of Justice. Prosecutors are very close to the judge's corps because they receive the same training and often move from prosecutors to judges and vice versa throughout their careers. In Germany, prosecuting authorities operate at the general courts of all levels. The Attorney General of the Federal Republic of Germany exercises his authority under the general authority of the Minister of Justice of Germany. According to a special law that defines the legal status of the Prosecutor's Office in Latvia, the prosecutor's office is a judicial authority that independently supervises compliance with the law within the established competence. In the UK, there is no public prosecutor's office or its direct analogue. The Public Prosecutor's Office operates within the system of public authorities as an independent authority, coordinated by the General Atorney. In the Republic of Lithuania, prosecutors organize and manage the pre-trial investigation process, as well as support state prosecutions in criminal cases. The author summarizes that there is no uniform standard in Europe for the prosecutor's model. The prosecutor's models analyzed have advantages and disadvantages, but none of them excludes or prefers one or the other model. Recommendations on improving the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine have been provided.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of the Management of Real Estates Owned by Legal Persons of Churches and other Religious Associations

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Cienciała
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Catholic Church ◽  
Real Estates

Abstract At the end of 2012, there were 174 churches and religious associations operating in Poland (GUS 2014). Most of the individuals (nearly 96%) are the followers of the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic Church and its organizational units have legal personality, thereby enabling them to acquire, possess and dispose of the title to real estate and other property rights, and administer the properties. In the years 1944-1962, almost all ecclesiastical real estates were nationalized. The asset-related situation of church legal persons was regulated upon the entry into force of the Act of 17 May 1989 on the relations between the State and the Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland. In 1991-2004, the legislator also regulated the legal status of many other churches and religious associations. Moreover, a fairly uniform system of ecclesiastical reprivatization was developed. For the purposes of the publication, analyses of selected aspects concerning the management of real estates owned by legal persons of churches and other religious associations in Poland have been carried out. Cases of the approaches adopted in other exemplary countries have also been presented. The intention is to indicate the rules in force as well as the problems encountered in this regard.

scholarly journals Legal status of the pharmacy practice in the European Union and the Republic of Macedonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Patcheva ◽  
Kristina Mladenovska ◽  
Lidija Petrusevska Tozi
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Hospital Pharmacies ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic

From a historical point of view, one can notice that the role of the pharmacists employed in community and hospital pharmacies became more complex. Today, they do not only supply, store, prepare and dispense medicines with ensured quality, but they also provide professional services based on the concept of pharmaceutical care and good pharmacy practice. In this paper, detailed review on the current legislative regulating the status and practice of the community and hospital pharmacies in some EU-member countries and in Macedonia is given. The implementation of the concept of pharmaceutical care and good pharmacy practice in selected EU member-countries, Great Britain, Germany and Slovenia, and in Croatia as a future EU member as well as in Macedonia is also discussed. In addition, set of recommendations for establishing the good pharmacy practice standards is prepared and presented. At the end, an attempt is made to establish a basis for development a modern Law on Pharmacy Practice in the Republic of Macedonia.

REZEKNE SEZ – 20 YEARS OF ACHIEVEMENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGE

Via Latgalica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Sandra Ežmale
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
City Council ◽  
Structural Fund ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance

Rēzekne Special Economic Zone (RSEZ) was established in 1997 as state stock company in order to promote trade, develop production and transport, as well as import and export of goods through Latvia. RSEZ administers state aid in form of tax allowances. During the 20 years of the history of RSEZ several substantial changes have taken place, determining overall development of RSEZ. In 2004 the legal status of the organization was changed due to amendments in legal acts of Latvia. It was reformed from a non-profit organization into a stock company. The ministry of Economics of the Republic of Latvia handed over its stocks of RSEZ to Rēzekne city; subsequently from 2004 to 2010 55% of the stocks were owned by Rēzekne City Council. Regardless of the fact that the control interest was owned by public institutions, RSEZ was a subject of private law and that contradicted the aim of the establishment of RSEZ i. e. promotion of regional development. It determined the necessity to make changes in the functioning of RSEZ. As a result the legal status of RSEZ was changed again in 2010 from stock company to joint municipal institution and amendments with regard to the territory of RSEZ were made. Simultaneously with the aforementioned transitions the economic and politic situation in the country changed – in 2004 Latvia became a member state of the European Union and harmonization of legal acts was performed in accordance with the requirements of the EU. Since 2004 several times substantial amendments have been made in the legal acts regulating the operation of RSEZ and overall its competitiveness and attractiveness for the investments has decreased. Nevertheless the last five years had been the most successful since the establishment of RSEZ. It is possible to distinguish two stages in the development of RSEZ 1) 1997–2010; 2) 2010 – up to nowadays. Altogether RSEZ enterprises (since 2001) have invested almost 150 million euros, from which 120 million euros had been invested in last 10 years and 80 million euros – in last 5 years. The turnover of RSEZ enterprises in 2016 was 84.5 million euros (70.5 million euros – in 2015). In comparison with 2009 the turnover of RSEZ enterprises has increased by 60 million euros or more than 3 times. In the recent years prospects of growth and investment attraction in Latvia and Europe are encumbered by political instability and slow economic growth of Eurozone. Certainly an important factor for investment attraction is developed and qualitative business infrastructure. Therefore significant is the role of the initiatives of municipalities related to implementation of EU Structural Fund financed projects in RSEZ territory as well as proactive work of RSEZ in investment attraction. The paper describes the RSEZ regulatory framework, activities and results achieved in the past, as well as future challenges. The research has been based on the database of RSEZ business research and analysis information system, as well as on the European Union and Latvian policy and development planning documents, laws and regulations. It was found that the RSEZ results and performance indicators have improved after the change of the legal status of RSEZ in 2010. RSEZ enterprises make an important contribution to the development of Rēzekne city and Rēzekne region.

scholarly journals A Methodological Approach to Selecting a Location for a Waste Disposal Terminal for Vessels on the Section of the Pan-European Waterway Corridor VII in the Republic of Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Boško Josimovic ◽  
Marina Ilic ◽  
Ljubisa Bezbradica
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Promethee Method ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Control And Management

The section of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway flowing through Serbia is of exceptional international significance, as well as significance to the Republic of Serbia, both in the domains of transport and of environmental protection. In this part of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway, there is development of both passenger and freight traffic without an established system of control and management of solid waste and wastewater from vessels, which directly threatens the environment, as well as the safety of traffic and people. The crews of international and domestic vessels are faced with the problem of disposing of solid waste, waste oil and waste water, due to the lack of adequate waste terminals in this section of waterway corridor VII (The Danube River). For this reason, the construction of a waste terminal is a priority and an unavoidable necessity as a starting point for establishing a sustainable system of managing waste from vessels in the Republic of Serbia. This paper presents a methodological approach for selecting an optimal location for the construction of such a terminal in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia (a case study). The method of multi-criteria evaluation of potential locations was used, as well as the method of evaluating various locations under different scenarios. The specificity of the method used can be seen in the selection of criteria for comparative evaluation of the potential locations, as well as in the evaluation of the potential sites under different scenarios and with weight categories based on the PROMETHEE method. The results presented in this paper make it possible for decision makers to consider different aspects and scenarios when selecting the most appropriate location for the terminal, whilst taking into account the international standards and principles governing this field in the European Union.

scholarly journals The Republic of Moldova and visa-free regime: Problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Gutorov ◽  
◽  
Valeriu Mosneaga ◽  
Tatiana Turco ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the visa-free regime of the Republic of Moldova within the framework of the CIS and the European Union. The main steps towards achieving the visa-free regime are reviewed. The authors investigate the process of implementing the visa-free regime with the European Union as a recent success of the Republic of Moldova. At the same time, the authors identify the positive and negative effects that accompany the introduction of the Republic of Moldova — European Union visa-free regime. A comparative analysis with other post-Soviet countries that have also obtained the visa-free regime (Georgia and Ukraine) is conducted. The authors note that a visa- free regime is an important tool that allows the EU to regulate relations with third countries. This regime provides important benefits for citizens and strengthens social, cultural, and economic ties between the EU and its partners. At the same time, the visa-free regime holds it responsible for maintaining the progress achieved in the framework of the visa liberalization dialogues and for ensuring a well-managed migration and security environment. The article makes wide use of statistical and sociological data as well as analytical and empirical materials.

scholarly journals Cryptocurrency as a modern phenomenon: advantages, disadvantages, problems of legal regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A.V. Steblianko ◽  
D.A. Riepin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State And Society ◽  
National Bank ◽  
New Type ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technical Plan

The article is devoted to the study of cryptocurrency as a new means of payment, which is relevant both in Ukraine and abroad. The urgency of the problem described in the article is due to the accelerated scientific and technological progress and global computerization of society, where modern technologies contribute to the emergence and development of new mechanisms of the economy, in particular, relations using non-cash payments. The main features of cryptocurrency are considered and argued in the form of its advantages: availability, speed, decentralization, security, and disadvantages: unreliability, distrust of users, inability to cancel transactions, use to commit illegal acts. The features that are controversial in modern conditions are anonymity and transnationality. The main problems of cryptocurrency and its legal regulation are generalized. Emphasis is placed on the practice of regulating the cryptocurrency market in the European Union, as well as on the legislation of the Republic of Estonia in the field of virtual assets. The legal status of cryptocurrency in Ukraine is considered, which is an urgent problem on the way to its legalization both in the legislative and technical plan. Attempts to legally regulate a new type of currency are analyzed. Bills and acts of the National Bank of Ukraine in the field of cryptocurrency circulation are described. Gaps in the current legislation, in particular in the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption", were identified, and ways to solve such problems were suggested. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop and create effective legislation in the field of regulation and control of cryptocurrency circulation not only at the national but also at the international level, because otherwise there is a threat to economic and financial life of the state and society and other problems for the international community. in the form of criminal acts with cryptocurrency, because today in Ukraine there is no effective legislation on the circulation of cryptocurrency, and the number of problems with the use of digital currency is growing every day, so it is worth paying attention to such components as the Internet and virtual assets, as in the leading countries of the world this direction is important in domestic and foreign policy.

scholarly journals Challenges and Prospects of the Legal Regulation of Robotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
E. S. Mikhaleva ◽  
E. A. Shubina
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
New Challenges

The modern world almost continuously emphasizes the importance of new challenges and solutions in all areas and fields of life for humanity. The emergence of new technologies and the improvement of conventional mechanisms to meet the demands of digital reality pose new challenges for any social science and practice; the role of law as a tool of regulatory influence on public relations becomes of particular importance. Recently, the issue of regulation of ubiquitous artificial intelligence, cyberphysical systems, advanced “smart” robots and other achievements of engineering science has become of primary importance for the Russian and world legal science. The authors of the article have analyzed the issues of possible approaches to the robotics legal regulation. Due to the latest trends in the development of legal norms on robotics in foreign countries, in particular in the European Union, the issues of legislative recognition and determination of the robot’s status, i.e. the prospect of robots becoming legally capable, or strengthening and clarifying the legal regime of the robot exclusively as an object of legal regulation become topical. The paper is devoted to studying topical issues of possible directions of legal regulation of robotics and analyzing the main approaches to determining the legal status of robots and liability for harm caused by them in the autonomous performance of actions.

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